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1、新 视 野 大 学 英 语 3Unit 4Section AFive Famous Symbols of American CultureI.Warm-u p Activity1.Topic Discussion:i.Students Discussion1)What do you know about the American cultural symbols?The Statue of Liberty,Barbie dolls,American Gothic,the Buffalo nickel,and Uncle Sam2)What is the symbol(s)of Chinese
2、Culture?the Great Wall,Dragon,chopsticks,lunar calendar,twelve animals ofyears,the color of red,etc.ii.Teachers SummaryWhen you think of American culture,what first comes to your mind?McDonalds?Coca Cola?Levi*s?Disneyland?Michael Jordan?Julia Roberts?Many peopleimagine American culture is a collecti
3、on of popular symbols like these.This passagegives us some insight into the origins of symbols by which the United State ofAmerica is known around the world.The Statue of Liberty is a female figure whichderives from the two favorite women in French artist Bartholdis life.Another symbolof American cu
4、lture is the Barbie doll,which derives from an old German toy modelwith the American designers daughters name on it.The great American Gothicpainting is in the medieval European style showing the faces of an American dentistand his sister.The Buffalo nickel derives from an admiration for the America
5、n Buffaloand the Indian people.The most lasting image of America derives from the partly truebut mostly fictitious story of Uncle Sam.2.Questions on the topics and the passages1)What are the five symbols of the United States?They are the Statue of Liberty,Barbie dolls,American Gothic,the Buffalo nic
6、kel,and Uncle Sam.2)Whose face was the Statue of Liberty?It was modeled after Bartholdis mothers face.3)Who is the queen of the dolls?Barbie4)According to the text,how popular is Barbie?Since her introduction in 1959,she has become the universally recognized queen ofthe dolls.The average American gi
7、rl owns ten Barbies and two are sold somewherein the world every second.5)Who painted American Gothic?Grant wood.6)What was the Buffalo nickel produced fbr?It honored a pair of connected tragedies from the settlement of the Americanfrontier-the destruction of the buffalo herds and the American India
8、ns.II.Background information1.the Statue of LibertyThe idea of creating the Statue of Liberty began in France at a dinner party hosted byEdouard Rene Lefebvre Laboulaye,a scholar.Laboulaye and Frederic-Auguste Bartholdi,a sculptor,began to discuss the idea of presenting the United States with a monu
9、ment tomemorialize independence and human liberty.Bartholdi sailed from France to New Yorkon June 8,1871,to propose the building of the statue to honor the friendship betweenFrance and the United States.As the ship pulled into New York Harbor,Bartholdi spottedthe perfect location,Liberty Island.For
10、more information about the Statue of Liberty,please visit http:www.nps.gov/stli/.2.Barbie dollsIt was the late 1950s when Ruth Handler noticed her daughter playing with paper dollsand imagining them in grown-up roles.Since most dolls at the time were baby dolls,Ruthenvisioned one that would inspire
11、little girls to think about what they wanted to be whenthey grew up.Ruth created a teenage fashion model doll named Barbie(after herdaughter),and the rest is history.Barbie has been an integral part of the lives of millionsof young girls.Her timeless appeal has resulted in a dedicated legion of fans
12、 that love tocollect her.To read more about the history of Barbie dolls,check out the web page athttp:www.people.virginia.edu/tsawyer/barbie/barb.htmL To view a sample collectionof Barbie dolls,take a look at http:.3.Mattel Toy CompanyMattel is the worldwide leader in the design,manufacture,and mark
13、eting of toyproducts.The companys core brands include Barbie,Hot Wheels,Matchbox,Fisher-Price,and American Girl.With headquarters in El Segundo,California,Mattel hasoffices and facilities in 36 countries and sells its products in more than 150 nationsthroughout the world.For more information about t
14、he company as well as Barbie dolls,please visit http:.4.American GothicGrant Wood came to Eldon in the late 1920fs with fellow artist and Eldon native,JohnSharp.He was inspired by the contrast of the modest little one-and-one-hair story framehouse with its(as he described it)“pretentious“Gothic styl
15、e windows.There is one ineach gable end.He sketched the house on the back of an envelope and used it as thebackdrop in his world-renowned 1930*s painting American Gothic.His sister,Nan,andhis dentist,Dr.B.H.McKeeby,posed as the sour-faced couple.Wood intended thecouple to represent a typical small t
16、own resident and his daughter,but most interpretthem as man and wife.Since completion,Grant Wood*s 1930 painting American Gothichas become a critically acclaimed work that continues to enjoy enormous popularity.Italso has become an American icon and is the model for a countless number ofcommercial a
17、rt parodies,such as posters,cards,and souvenirs.The painting hangs in theArt Institute of Chicago.To read more about Wood,take a look athttp:xroads.virginia.edu/MA98/havcn/wood/gallery4.htmL5.Buffalo nickelIn 1911 sculptor James Earl Fraser began designing the“Buffalo“nickel.Fraser saidthe portrait
18、on the heads side was a composite of three American IndiansIron Tail,Big Tree and Two Moons.Fraser had the opportunity to study and photograph themwhen they stopped off in New York on their way to Washington to visit PresidentTheodore Roosevelt.By borrowing features from each individual,Fraser was a
19、ble tosketch the“ideal portrait for the nickel.The model for the tails side of the coin was none other than Black Diamond,themost contrary animal in New York*s Bronx Zoo.He was born of stock donated by theBarnum and Bailey circus.In his prime,his coat was unusually dark,and he weighedmore than 1500
20、pounds.President William Howard Taft approved the art work,and the first“Buffalo“nickelswere produced in February of 1913.Two Moons died in 1917,and Iron Tail and Big Treein the 1920s.In the 1960s,a second Big Tree appeared at coin shows and claimed to bethe Native American on the nickel.Although he
21、 claimed to have celebrated his 100thbirthday in 1962,later records indicated he was actually only 87.For more informationabout the Buffalo nickel,please visithttp:www.money.org/h tml/edu nick.html.6.New York City*s Central Park ZooNew York City*s Central Park Zoo is part of the Central Park establi
22、shment.Formore information about Central Park Zoo,please visit http:wwwncntralpark.org.7.Uncle SamHistorians arent completely certain how the character 4 6Uncle Sam“was created,orwho(if anyone)he was named after.The prevailing theory is that Uncle Sam was named after Samuel Wilson.Wilson wasbom in A
23、rlington,Mass.,on September 13,1766.His childhood home was in Mason,New Hampshire.In 1789,he and his brother Ebenezer walked to Troy,New York.During the War of 1812,Wilson was in the business of slaughtering and packingmeat.He provided large shipments of meat to the US Army,in barrels that were stam
24、pedwith the initials US”.Supposedly,someone who saw the US stamp suggested perhaps as a joke that the initials stood for Uncle Sam Wilson.The suggestion thatthe meat shipments came from“Uncle Sam,led to the idea that Uncle Sam symbolizedthe federal government.Samuel Wilson died in 1854.His grave is
25、in the Oakwood Cemetery in Troy.Thesingle most famous portrait of Uncle Sam is the I WANT YOU“Army recruiting posterfrom World War I.The poster was painted by James Montgomery Flagg in 1916-1917.III.Text Structure AnalysisThe overall structure of the passage is listing:the author listed five famous
26、symbolsof American culture.Each symbol is parallel to another or there is a matchingrelationship between the symbols.The five symbols are put together to support thecentral topic of the reading passage-Five Famous Symbols of American Culture.Foreach part of the passage,the author centers on one spec
27、ific symbol,dealing with it fromdifferent aspects such as who created,what the creator was,how he created,when,andhow the symbol was accepted,etc.One of the threads that cannot escape our attention isthat the author always tries to present the story according to the time sequence.FiveFamousSymbolsTh
28、e Statue of Liberty(Para.1-3)Who created the Statue of Liberty and what was he?When?What is the purpose to create the statue?Whatdo we know about the creator?It is a painting created by Grant Wood.He got theinspiration from the Gothic window of an oldfarmhouse and he used his dentist in his painting
29、.Para.9-10How do people feel about American Gothic?Nan remarked that the painting saved her from a veryboring life.paral 1The Buffalo Nickel(Para.12-14)What do we know about American coins?Whocreated the Buffalo nickel?American coins honor prominent figures of the USgovernment but the Buffalo nickel
30、 has three actualAmerican Indians as models.It was James EarleFraser who created the Buffalo nickel.paral2-13How was the Buffalo nickel created?As most of the buffaloes were killed,James EarleFraser was forced to sketch an aging buffalo fromNew York Citys Central Park Zoo for the coin.Para.14Uncle S
31、am(Paras.15-17)What is the origin of Uncle Sam?Uncle Sam came from someone who was called SamWilson.Sam Wilson joined in American Revolutionat an early age and at 23,he started a meatpackingbusiness.During a later war in 1812,he supplied thearmy with meat stamped EA-US”,identifying thecompany(EA)and
32、 country of origin(US).Then itwas said that US stood for Uncle Sam and UncleSam soon earned his fame as a figure supplying thearmy.Paras.15-16How did the portrait of Uncle Sam come to beknown?After the war,a character called Uncle Sam becamepopular in political cartoons,which came from anearlier car
33、toon character called Brother Jonathan.Then years later it was an American artist,JamesMontgomery Flagg who created the most enduringportrait of Uncle Sam,a tall man with white hair anda small white beard on his chin,a dark blue coat anda tall hat with stars on it.Para.17IV.Structured WritingAmong a
34、ll the writing skills used,the writer narrates the story according to theprinciple of first thing first”,i.e.according to the time sequence.The writing techniqueof time sequence is very obvious in this passage,each time the writer deals with thesymbols,he develops the content according to the sequen
35、ce of time with clear timemarkers to help us follow the thread.Now lefs have a look at the part focuses on TheStatue of Liberty:The Statue o f Liberty(1-3)Time marker:In the mid-1870s French artist Frederic Auguste Bartholdiwas working on the project called LibertyEnlightening the World to celebrate
36、 USindependence and the France-Americaalliance_3 TTime marker:in 1876 Bartholdi was in love with a womanwhom he married in spite of his mothersobjection.TTime marker:in the same year,1876 Bartholdi assembled the statue5s right armand torchrTime marker:in 1886 The Statue of Liberty was dedicated on a
37、nisland in upper new York Bay and hecalled it“my daughter,Liberty”.V.Detailed study of the TextWords&Phrases Study1.statue n.C a human or animal image made of wood,stone,bronze,etc.雕 像,塑 像 They planned to put up a statue for the President.他 们 计 划 为 总 统 立 一 尊 雕 像。A statue of Nelson stands at the top
38、of Nelsons Column.纳 尔 逊 的 雕 像 耸 立 在 纳 尔 逊 纪 念 柱 顶 端。辨 析 statue,stature,statusstatue:a likeness of a person or an animal 人 或 动 物 的 塑 像 the statue of Lu Xun 鲁 迅 塑 像stature:a persons natural height 人 的 身 高 Mother is of very small stature,barely five feet tall.母 亲 个 子 不 高，还 不 到 五 英 尺。status:a condition
39、that determines ones formal position 人 的 地 位，身 份 The award enhanced the musicians status.这 项 奖 励 提 高 了 这 位 音 乐 家 的 地 位。2.liberty n.1)U the freedom and the right to do whatever one wants 自 由(权)Hundreds of political prisoners are to be given their liberty.成 百 上 千 的 政 治 犯 将 获 得 自 由。Children have more l
40、iberty now than they used to.如 今 儿 童 比 以 前 自 由 多 了。2)something you do without asking permission,which may offend orupset someone else 许 可，允 准 Students have liberty to use all the library facilities.学 生 们 可 以 使 用 图 书 管 里 所 有 的 图 书 资 料。扩 展 at lib e rty自 由 的，有 权 的，有 空 闲 的 take liberty(liberties)过 于 随 便
41、，随 意 改 变 3.enlighten vt give sb.information about sth.so that they understand more about it启 发；指 导 I don*t understand this paragraph that youve written here.Could you enlighten me?我 读 不 懂 你 写 的 这 段 话。你 能 给 我 讲 讲 吗？The object of his novel writing is to amuse and enlighten the general readers.他 写 小 说
42、的 目 的 在 于 使 广 大 读 者 得 到 娱 乐 并 受 到 教 育。扩 展 enlightened a.开 明 的，有 知 识 的；enlightening a.有 启 迪 作 用 的，使 人 领 悟 的；enlightenment Q.启 迪，启 发，教 育 4.monument n.C a building,statue,etc.that is built to remind people of a famousperson or important event 纪 念 碑 In the square in front of the hotel stands a monument
43、to all the people killed in the war.在 那 家 旅 馆 前 的 广 场 上 矗 立 着 一 座 纪 念 战 争 死 难 者 的 纪 念 碑。The Lincoln Memorial is a national m onum ent.林 肯 纪 念 堂 为 国 家 级 文 物 单 位。5.independence n U freedom from control by another person,country,etc.独 立；自 主 In 1947 India achieved independence from Britain.印 度 在 1947年 脱
44、 离 英 国 独 立。The old lady refused to go into a nursing home because she didnt want to lose herindependence.这 位 老 太 太 不 想 失 去 自 由，所 以 拒 绝 入 住 养 老 院。6.alliance n.C,U a group of countries,political parties or people who have agreed towork together for the same interests or aim 同 盟，联 盟 Switzerland prides
45、itself on being a country which does not belong to any militaryalliance.瑞 士 以 不 属 于 任 何 军 事 联 盟 的 国 家 而 自 豪。The students tried to form an alliance between themselves and the workers.学 生 试 图 与 工 人 结 成 联 盟。7.approve 1)vz.(-of)think that sb.or sth.is good,right,or suitable 赞 成,赞 许 Her mother does not a
46、pprove of her friendship with John.她 母 亲 不 赞 成 她 与 约 翰 交 朋 友。I don*t approve of smoking in public places.我 不 赞 成 在 公 共 场 合 吸 烟。2)vt.officially accept a plan,proposal,etc.批 准;同 意 We had to wait months for the government to approve our plans to extend our house.为 了 获 得 市 政 府 对 我 们 扩 建 房 屋 计 划 的 批 准，我
47、们 得 等 上 几 个 月。The company president approved the building plans.公 司 总 裁 批 准 了 建 筑 计 划。8.affection n.sing.,U a feeling of liking or love 喜 爱；爱 慕 She feels affection towards her children.她 对 自 己 的 孩 子 怀 有 慈 爱 的 感 情。His kindness increased the child*s affection for him.他 的 仁 慈 加 深 了 孩 子 对 他 的 爱。扩 展 affe
48、ctional a.感 情(或 爱 情)方 面 的；affectionately ad充 满 深 情 地，出 于 柔 情 地 9.assemble vt.fit together the parts of s th.组 装,装 酉 已 Martha assembled her latest dolfs house very quickly.玛 莎 很 快 地 组 装 好 了 她 最 新 的 一 间 玩 具 屋。Some boys like to assemble model airplanes.有 些 男 孩 喜 欢 组 装 飞 机 模 型。v.(cause people or things
49、to)come together(使)集 合；(使)聚 集 The grandfather had assembled all the members of the family for the yearly picnic.祖 父 把 一 家 人 聚 在 一 起 参 加 一 年 一 度 的 野 餐。When the fire alarm rang we assembled outside the emergency exit.当 火 警 信 号 响 起 时，我 们 都 聚 集 到 紧 急 出 口 外。辨 析 assemble,gather,collect,congregateassemble指
50、 为 了 某 个 目 标 而 进 行 收 集、调 集、聚 集 等 活 动，可 以 用 于 人、物 或 组 织。gather指 把 分 散 的 聚 集 在 一 起，也 可 以 指 把 人 或 牲 畜 集 合 在 一 起，一 般 指 由 少 积 多 的 收 集，如：Citizens gathered in crowds in the street,waiting for the news ofvictory.市 民 们 一 群 群 聚 集 在 街 上，等 待 着 胜 利 的 消 息。collect强 调 把 某 些 特 殊 种 类 的 东 西 一 点 一 点 地 聚 集 起 来，如：He coll