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1、Run(及物动词是表:管理,操控)同义词一般都不选 however 然而,但是=otherwise 否则,但是Above all 首先,尤其是(表并列)完形填空:一、见到很可能选的词:1、一代红花(很可能选):however(一定有逗号,然后看意思前后相反)入选概率大于but,有类似用法的有:for example=for instance;though(仅当副词的时候可以放句中,前后加逗号,当连词不行)nevertheless(然而,不过),it turns out(其结果是,被证明是,放句中,前后加逗号)AlthoughYet表示“尚未”(用在否定句或疑问句)反义already(已经,用于
2、肯定句)Still 表示无变化的延续性Eg:the guests are already here.But the meat is not ready yet.It still has to be cookedfor another five minutes.特:have you finished the work already?You are very speedy表惊奇Because(从属连词,引导从句)for(并列连词,引导并列句)(1)位置:because 既可以放句首,也可以放句中;for 当连词时只能放句中,For 当介词时可以放在句首,既其后跟着的是名词或名词短语,跟句子则不行
3、。从属连词放句中时前面不能加逗号,并列连词放句中时前面逗号可加可不加Because(只能选)it was raining,i was lateI was late,for it was raining(2)because 连词(跟句子),because of 介词(后接名词)(3)Because=in thatwhile(转折,让步,并列)(1)放句首,一般表“尽管”,引导让步状语 while he has time,it doesn t mean hehas capacity and patience.(2)而,而且=whereas,表示对比的并列关系 you like sports whi
4、le i like read(3)可以引导省略句,从句主语和主句主语相一致,从句是系表结构,同时满足时,可以省去从句中的主语和系动词;he will go to school while(he is)ill.Eg:the phenomenon provide a way for companies to remain globally competitivewhile(the phenomenon is被省略了)avoiding market cycles and the growing burdens.因为前是 to,后是 ing,不能用 and 并列。同时出现 while 和 wherea
5、s,选 while,因为它可以引导省略句。available,availability2、二代红花(熟词辟意,可能选):subject(遭受,屈服于,臣服于)be subject to+贬义词disposable(一次性的,可处理的)disposable plastic bagaverage(普通的,大众的)average man 普通大众mean(平均的)mean value 平均值means(方式,首段)develop(患)develop a coldmeet(满足)=cater forupon=up(一就)upon coming home i began to do my homewor
6、k考研完形填空红花绿叶词汇总总结考研完形填空红花绿叶词汇总总结perform functions=play a part in起作用Shape对产生影响=have an effect onImmediate(直接的,较为抽象)the immediate relative/superior;immediate resultsInstant(直接的,意向相较具体)instant coffee 速溶咖啡Claim(索赔)声称,宣布Accommodate(适应,容纳,提供住宿)=adjust to changesCompany(陪伴 n/v)in the company of 伴随着In perspe
7、ctive 正确的,恰当的Down(失落,失望的,沮丧的)let down 失落/feel down 感到失落Cry(口号)=sloganDraft(草案)Side(支持 v)side withInterpretation(口译,司法解释)解释Translation(笔译)Credit(归功于)credit sth.to sb.常用意:学分,信用A rare bird 一个杰出的人Career(成就)Put down to(归因于)he put down his failure to his lazinessIn question(谈论到的)the problem in question is
8、 solved 咱们谈过的那个问题已经解决了Value(重视)value education 重视教育Share(具有,股份)they share same characterPicture(局面,情况)a big picture 整体全局Turn around(使好转,有起色)turn our life/career/academic performance aroundPut(说,解释)Message(信号,主旨中心)what s the massage of the passage?Perform(履行,执行)3、三代红花词:affect(影响 v,effect 是 n),for exa
9、mple=for instance(一定有逗号)后接例子such as,something 以及 some 的合成词二、绿叶词:Since 因为,既然,自从I have worked in this company since 1980(介词)I have worked(现在完成)in this company since i left(一般过去时)school(连词)将现在完成与一般过去连在一起时,比较容易备选Since 3 years ago(不可丢)ever since,now that,what,only(只有大写加状语放在句首,后面要倒装时入选Only in this way can
10、 wesucceed)UnlessIn case(that)=lest=for fear(that)唯恐,以免,万一(后面的句子 should+v 原型,或者省略 should)In case 是连词,后面只能跟句子(有它则必有俩个谓语动词),但 in case of 后可以加名词If only=i wish(但愿,要是就好了)虚拟语气的标志词很少作为正确选项入选,如 suggest(建议),advise 等,其后面一般都只用过去时态。(与过去情况相反,用 had done;与现在情况相反,用did、were;与将来情况相反,用 would、could)eg:I wish you had vi
11、sited me last night.例外:if 从句与过去相反,从句用 had down,主句用 would have down;与现在相反,从句 did、were,主句 would do;与将来相反,从句用 were to do,主句用 would do通过主从句的时态判断连词。Or else(否则)About=as to=with regard to=with/in reference to(关于)不能将前后关系规定太明确,所以一般不选特:当 as to=according to 按照,根据时,可能入选。三、单句单题:(一个句子一个空)往往与前后的意思关系不大,越是集中越好。四、逻辑关
12、系题:逻辑关系词:连词(短语)、副词(短语)、表逻辑关系的介词、分词、副词(1)转折:however;though(副词,放句中加逗号);in fact(转折或递进);but;while;nevertheless(前后加逗号);yet(2)让步:even if(即使);although(尽管);while(虽然,尽管);though;even though;much as(虽然,然而);as;whereas(然而)(3)因果:because,so,when(因为)(4)对比:whereas;while(而)(5)递进:indeed(的确);even(甚至);above all;also(也,和
13、)(6)列举:for example;for instance;such as(总分)(7)总结:so far(8)并列:similarly(9)条件:when(如果);if五、高频考点:1、as 引导定语从句/状语从句从句部分缺东西,则一般是定语从句(1)as 作为关系代词引导定语从句,先行词可以是名词,也可以是句子Eg:he is honest as we know(从句成分不完整,know 及物动词,为定语).As time went by(从句成分完整,故为状语),they fell in love(2)as 引导的定语从句,位置灵活,可前置Eg:as we know he is ho
14、nestas was discussed before(3)as 与 which 区别:在引导限制性定语从句时(不加逗号),as 只能用在一些固定结构中asas;soas;suchas;the sameasEg:he has many books which are displayed here.(他拥有的书在这里展出)He has as many books as are displayed here.(他拥有的书和这里展出的书一样多)在引导非限制性定语从句时,as 表示主从句一致;而 which 表示主从不一致Eg:he has been married,as we expect.He h
15、as been married,which is unexpected.2、than 引导定语从句:从句中缺名词;主句中有比较级;从句一定要缺主语;对比情况不明显Rather than 而不是Other than 除之外Im taller than you(are tall).状语从句He drinks more wine than is good for his health(定语从句)考试放向:than 后词的时态There should be more anxieties over the risk of getting cancer thanAin the mindof the pub
16、lic.A exist(主语是复数)B existsC existingD existed3、but 引导定语从句:关系代词从句缺名词;主句要有否定成分;but=that/whonotEg:there is no one but errs(动词,犯错).=there is no one that doesnt errs.4、as 引导倒装句表让步:(尽管也)adj/adv/分词/名词(无冠词)/短语+as+主语+谓语(表语提前)Young as he is,he is knowledgeable.(副词提前)much as i respect him,i cannot agree with h
17、im(名词提前)(前无冠词)child as he is,he is knowledgeable(最高级提前)(前无冠词)oldest in our workshop as he is,he works hardest.(强调表语)Lazy a boy as he is,he is kind to help the others.(分词提前)praised as he was,he remained modest.(动词提前)try as you will,you wont manage it.Fail as i did,i would never stop try.5、转折和让步都属于对立关
18、系:意思、褒贬色彩,句式结构(前后肯否不一)选择:(1)其他对立:against(对抗);on the contrary(相反)instead of;rather than,admit(承认,程度较小),ignoring(忽视);by contrast(相比之下)(2)转折:however;though(副词,放句中加逗号);in fact(转折或递进);but;while;nevertheless(前后加逗号);yet(3)让步:even if(即使);although(尽管);while(虽然,尽管);though;even though;much as(虽然,然而);as;whereas
19、(然而)转折与让步的区别:全否为转折;部分否定是让步Although(从属)与 but(并列);because(从属)和 so(并列)不能在句中同时出现从属连词与并列连词不能同时出现,从属可前可后,前不加逗号;并列连词只能放后,逗号可加可不加。6、till,until,notuntil=notbefore(1)till 不能放句首,until 可以(2)当主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用 until,不能用 not untilEg:until i came back,he was waiting for me at my home.(3)当主句的谓语动词时短暂性动词时,用 not untilE
20、g:the little boy didnt smile(瞬间动词)until he saw his mother.Not until he saw his mother did the little boy smile.(主句倒装)It was not until he saw his mother that the little boy smiled.(强调,主句不倒装)Until(=before)he saw his mother,the little boy didnt smile.(4)till 与 until 后常接短暂性动词(5)当主句的谓语动词时瞬间的肯定形式时,只能用 bef
21、oreEg:he left the office before his boss came back.在他老板来之前他走了He didnt leave the office until/before his boss came back.直到他老板来他才走7、省略主语的状语从句:主从句主语一致 且 从句含有 be 动词When(he was)a student in the university,he read a lot.8、时间状语从句:若主从句的动作有明显先后顺序的时候,先发生的动作比后发生的前推一个时态。六、动词题:1、方法:(1)看主语主谓搭配一致性:(单复数)主语只能是人的:thi
22、nk,believe,require,respect,regard,notice(注意到)be impressed by(impress sb),doubt,intend,present(提供提交)主语只能是物的:manifest(表明,证明)(2)看宾语动宾搭配一致性:只能跟抽象名词的:enhance(加强)只能跟具体名词的:label、fasten(扎牢)fasten your seat bet都能跟的:tighten(巩固,加强)feed(养育人,为物提供营养)只能跟人的动词:assure sb.that/of sth.Impress sb.Side with(支持).Share(sth
23、)with sb.Confide to(向透露)Credit sth to sb(把归功于)Eg:Credit the invention to his wife.宾语既可以是人也可是物:agree with sb/sth,ensure sb/sth同时出现 assure 于 ensure,一般会选 ensure(3)根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系选词:如因果关系(lead)Amount to(总计)(4)及物与不及物动词:dispose of n.(处理,扔掉,解决)Speculate on/about/upon(推测,思考)Speculate in(投机)speculate in stocks
24、做股票投机Distinguish 及物 distinguish A from B不及物 distinguish between A and BApprove 及物 congress approved(批准,通过,赞许)the budget不及物approve of(同意,认可)the decisionCope with(处理,对付,应付,克服,竞争)cope with him in English七、名词题:(1)名词作主语或宾语,谓语或表语为线索(搭配,sth 或 sb)(2)根据名词前后的介词判断:Approach to(方法,途径);answer to;key to;Confidence
25、 in/confident of:I have confidence in English=I am confident of English.Specialist in(在方面的专家);attitude to/toward;by contrast(相比之下)In/with contrast to(相比之下)expose/exposure+to/toward(接触)exposure to the sun is good for babiesIndependent/independently+ofIndependence+fromResearch into+研究对象;research on 关于
26、的研究;reason for;explanation for(3)当名词后出现定语从句或同位语从句时,从句就是做题线索(4)根据已有名词,判断所选七、形容词题:1、有副词修饰形容词时,副词是做题线索bind(绑起来,约束,装订)-binding(有约束力的)legally bindingrestrain(自我约束,抑制)-restraining(控制的)2、有多个修饰成分(形容词,定语从句等)同时修饰同一名词时,一般为并列关系,彼此互为答案Comprehensive 综合的;comprehensible 可理解的Complementary 补充性的;complacent 自满的,得意的,满足的
27、八、副词题:常利用时态做题,瞬间性的副词不能用在进行时,结果性副词也不能用在进行时。Instantly(立刻,马上)sufficiently(足够地)九、表语题:主语 is(),所选与主语关系密切十、固定搭配:诡异的介词或意思(除非背过,否则不选,最后通过技巧做题)十一、熟词辟意优于正常意义,逻辑关系优于非逻辑关系词十二、从句原则:在同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句,只能用 that,不用 which,只能用 whether,不能用 if十三、并列关系题找到并列词,前后对应(互为同义词,或为并列关系:personal-institutional)十四、时间线索题注意文章的时间信息(状语)see
28、in(研究)Thoroughly(细节上的彻底)Completely(整体上的彻底)考研高频词汇:出现两次:Above,apparent,describe,even(递进),access,as if,discover(发现,even if(让步),admit,assist,主语为人),except,alter,assume,display,that(定语与同位and,aware,dispose+of,语从句),any,case,distinguish,excess(超过),anything,change,durable(只修饰exclude(排除),anyway(让步)concept,物)ex
29、pect,confide,effect(不好影响)expense,approve(及物-批准;confined,either,few(几乎没有,不及物-approveconviction,enhance+抽象名否定),of 同意,认可),create,词,for example,Frequently(经信息,信号),subject+to(易遭range from A to B,常),method(方法),(范围)受),such as,fundamental(根neglect(忽视),rarely(几乎不)receive,本),nevertheless(然supply,reduce,hence(
30、因此),而),survive,reliable,identifiable(可识notice(注意到,sustain(维持,可regulation(规章,持续)别的)主语为人),制度),immediate 直接off(离开),take,required(主语为impact(影响),on(一through,人),improper(不正确就/继续),to,(反的),average(普通的,in response totolerate,应),individual,一般的),toward,return,inference(推论),or,track(追踪),sensitive(敏感,influence,t
31、ransfer,other than(除之外),be sensitive to,主instant(马上,不turn,origin(起源),语必须是生命能与成段的时间typical,out,体),状语连用),under,over,search(搜寻),undertake,intend(主语是popularity(普及,share,人,打算),unique,流行,受欢迎),shift,interpret(司法解until,predict(预测,后short,释),upon跟从句用将来时so that(如此以至maintain(主张,态),于/目的-为了,后坚持,维修),preliminary(初级
32、加 could 或make(牌子,的),would),make it 成功),presumably(假设something,manifest 证明的),some,means(方式手段produce(产生),stand(站立,容meanwhile(与此(公众),忍),同时,表并列),publicityraise(提高工资)still(仍然),message(消息,出现三次:about,capacity,expose to/toward,general,hence,ignoring,incident,neglect,only if,now that,on average,particular,re
33、striction,turn,what,which出现 4 次:and,at,available,claim,if only,offer(带来引起,提供),raise,so,stimulate,toward,whereas,while出现五次:although,because,before,but,over,however,moreover,provide,similar,to,when六次:if七次:against,as,in,on八次:by,unless,with九次:since十四次:for固定搭配:Ended up(结束)Affected worker s productivityHi
34、tting a plateau(达到一个高分)Duly rose(相应的增加)Very act(就是这个行为)Perplexing behavior(复杂行为)Systematic evidence(系统性证据)Misleading interpretations(误导性解释)Be subjected to 易遭受的=subject to使经受Failed to 未能,不能够Tend to 往往Big picture 全局In turn 转而,结果At first 起初On the mind of 心中所想的Above all 首先,首要So long as 只要Contrary to 与相反
35、的As a result(结果)For exampleEven ifRare bird(不寻常的人,优秀的人)For instanceSo far 迄今By oneself 单独地According to 按照,根据Turn around 使好转Turn out 结果是Put down to 归因于Regardless of 不管,不顾Apart from 除之外Instead of 代替Be soft on 对心软Take sth into considerationBe rooted of 扎根于Keep track of 跟踪,记录Feedback on 反馈In terms of 根据In turn 依次,分别