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1、目录I In nt tr ro od du uc ct ti io on n t to o k ki id dn ne ey ys sT Th he e f fu un nc ct ti io on ns s o of f k ki id dn ne ey ys sT T h h e e s s y y s s t t e e m m a a t t i i c c c co on nn ne ec ct ti io on n o of f k ki id dn ne ey ys s010203in modern medicine：Kidneys lie on the dimples on b
2、oth sides of spine behind peritoneum,and are a pair of organs which are red-brown,broad bean-like and big as fists.They weigh about 120-150 grams,and normally,the left kidney is slightly bigger than the right one.Each kidney is composed of more than one million nephrons each of which comprises renal
3、 corpuscle,renal capsule and renal tubule.Kidneys are like a cleansing factory running 7/24 without stopping.1 1.I I n n t t r r o o d d u u c c t t i i o o n n t t o o k k i i d d n n e e y y s sTheyre connected with bladder via ureter.The everyday tasks of kidneys are filtering and cleansing blood
4、 to discharge metabolites and to carry harmful substances in our body to urine.Then the urine is transported from kidneys to bladder through ureter and kept in bladder.At certain points,such metabolites and harmful substances are discharged out of the body with urine so that the balance of body flui
5、d,electrolyte,acid and base is maintained and blood pressure is regulated.1 1.I I n n t t r r o o d d u u c c t t i i o o n n t t o o k k i i d d n n e e y y s sIn TCM theories,：kidneys are a functional unit instead of just organs.In the view of TCM,kidneys are the energy source governing the whole
6、body,and their functions involve urinary system,reproductive system,endocrine system,mobility and skeletal system,or even respiratory system,neural system and immunity system in modern medicine.kidneys store essence and govern growth,development and reproduction.2 2.T T h h e e f f u u n n c c t t i
7、 i o o n n s s o o f f k k i i d d n n e e y y s skidneys,as the root of storage,dominate encapsulation and are where the essence resides.Inner Canon of Huangdi congenital essence acquired essenceEssential qi stored in kidneys are the original energy for vital activities of human body,and its divide
8、d into two aspects,which are kidney and kidney.Kidney cools down,moistens and nourishes zang-fu viscera and tissues,while kidney warms up,promotes and encourages their qi transformation.As the root of yin and yang of five zang viscera,kidney yin and kidney yang are interdependent and inter-condition
9、ed to jointly maintain coordination and harmony of kidney and yin and yang of the whole body.Kidney governing body fluid means that kidneys govern and regulate vivo catabolism of water and body fluid.Kidney governing inspiration means that kidneys take in the clear qi inhaled through lungs to preven
10、t shallow breathing and ensure normal air exchange in and out of the body.Though lungs govern breathing,the function is dependent on the inspiration function of kidneys to keep breathing uniform and deep.3 3.T T h h e e s s y y s s t t e e m m a a t t i i c c c c o o n n n n e e c c t t i i o o n n
11、o o f f k k i i d d n n e e y y s s.boneshairfearsalivaearsThe physiological function of kidney governing bones and marrow generation is actually because the essential qi of kidneys contains crucial components for promoting growth and development.Marrow referred hereto includes brain marrow,bone mar
12、row and spine marrow,all of which are transformed from kidney essence.Since kidneys store essence,essence generates marrow,and marrow nourishes bones,sufficient essential qi of kidneys guarantees marrow nourishment to bones to build firm and strong bones.With sufficient kidney essence,a grown-up wou
13、ld walk vigorously,benefiting from fine bones,and he/she would unlikely suffer from loose teeth.When one gets senile,his/her kidney essence declines.If kidney essence becomes insufficient for bone nourishment,hyperosteogeny or osteoporosis may be caused.。Hair growth depends on the nourishment of kid
14、ney essence,and thats why hair is called the essence of kidneys.We can tell if ones kidney essence is sufficient by his/her hair.Thick,dark and smooth hair implies sufficient kidney essence and abundant kidney qi.On the contrary,sparse and withered hair,hair loss and gray hair are implications of ki
15、dney essence depletion and kidney qi insufficiency.Also,in the view of TCM,hair is excess blood,which means that hair needs nourishment of blood.Blood is closely related to kidney essence,too,because kidney essence is an important part of blood transformation.Consequently,people with kidney deficien
16、cy tend to suffer from blood deficiency,and deficiency of both kidney and blood will be presented as abnormal condition of hair.As five zang viscera correspond to five different emotions,kidneys are related to fear and dread.Fear obstructs kidney qi which nourishes the body from ascending and leads
17、it to dispersion downward.Thats what we call fear leading to qi sinking.When we get scared,we may feel our lower limbs so weak that we can barely stand.In some cases,incontinence may be resulted.And thats what we call pissing ones pants out of fear.Modern medical studies found that the vessels of su
18、blingual gland and submandibular gland open at mucous membranes on both sides of tongue connector area of the mouth floor,where saliva is secreted from.And this is where the channel qi of Shaoyin Kidney Channel of Foot flows by and assembles,unveiling the direct relationship between saliva secretion
19、 and kidneys.If essential qi of kidneys is sufficient,body fluid will be transformed ascending and taken in,and then distributed upward to the mouth to keep mouth moist and maintain normal sensation in mouth.Such transformed body fluid can also be distributed to zang-fu viscera to nourish and moiste
20、n limbs and skins.In the case of insufficient essential qi of kidneys,dysfunction of warming up,ascending transformation,taking in and storing of kidneys will be caused,hence abnormal saliva secretion,such as too much saliva,saliva spillover,little saliva or no saliva.So,by observing the status of s
21、aliva secretion,we can tell if ones kidneys function well.。Ears are organs for auditory sense,and whether or not one is auditory sensitive is determined by the status of his/her essential qi of kidneys.Only if kidney essence is sufficient will acute hearing be achieved.Insufficient kidney essence ma
22、y results in decreased hearing or even deafness.Deafness of some elderly is mostly resulted from physiological decline of essential qi of kidneys.In addition,it should be noted that kidneys open at the two lower orifices,which means that the functions of urination and reproduction of external genita
23、lia and the function of defecation of anus are closely related to kidneys.Though urination is mainly achieved by bladder,it depends on the function of qi transformation of kidneys.Therefore,frequent urination,enuresis,incontinence of urine,little urine and difficulty in urination are all related to
24、dysfunction of qi transformation of kidneys.Defecation is the process of large intestine transporting feces,but its highly related to the function of qi transformation of kidneys,too.three major physiological functions of kidneyssystematic connectionWhat did you learn from this session?And what do you think about it?Please share your opinion in our comment and discussion board.