英语一本通2023高考.docx

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1、2023 名校联盟一本通,一册在手,高分就有。目录专题 01 名词2专题 02 冠词21专题 03 代词41专题 04 介词65专题 05 数词87专题 06 动词(短语)100专题 07 形容词与副词119专题 08 时态和语态142专题 09 非谓语动词170专题 10 情态动词(虚拟语气)201专题 11 句子成分与简单句和并列句229专题 12 名词性从句247专题 13 状语从句271专题 14 定语从句301专题 15 特殊句式325专题 16 主谓一致355专题 17 长难句与复杂句子分析378专题 18 填空类试题命题点句式390专题 19 阅读理解命题来源句式412专题 20

2、 书面表达中的高级结构431专题 21 阅读理解之细节理解题446专题 22 阅读理解之主旨大意题471专题 23 阅读理解之推理判断题496专题 24 阅读理解之词义猜测题519专题 25 阅读理解之应用文类539专题 26 阅读理解之记叙文类560专题 27 阅读理解之说明文类581专题 28 阅读理解之议论文类603专题 29 阅读理解之时事热点629专题 30 阅读理解之七选五654专题 31 完形填空之记叙文类671专题 32 完形填空之说明文类696专题 33 完形填空之议论文类719专题 34 完形填空之夹叙夹议745专题 35 语法填空770专题 36 读后续写之如何续写故事开

3、头792专题 37 读后续写之如何构思故事情节809专题 38 读后续写之如何延续故事高潮832专题 39 读后续写之如何巧妙设置结尾848专题 40 读后续写之动作、心理与对话描写869专题 41 读后续写之外貌、性格与环境描写890专题 42 读后续写之情感情绪细节刻画908专题 43 概要写作之语篇类型特征分析92599专题 44 概要写作之四步提炼主旨要义939专题 45 概要写作之三步优化语言表达953专题 46 应用文写作之邀请信和投诉信961专题 47 应用文写作之通知和演讲或致辞973专题 48 应用文写作之道歉信和感谢信984专题 49 应用文写作之申请信和告知信995专题

4、50 应用文写作之咨询信和推荐信1007专题 51 应用文写作之祝贺信和报道类写作1020专题 52 阅读理解1031点式与网式细节理解题的突破策略1031专题 53 阅读理解1049词汇逻辑与词句猜测题的解答1049专题 54 阅读理解1071捕捉隐含意义与推理态度意图等的策略1071专题 55 阅读理解1093语篇知识与主旨类试题题的深层理解策略1093专题 56 完形填空1111优化记叙文(夹叙夹议)完形填空解答 5 策略1111专题 57 完形填空1136巧解说明与议论类完形填空 5 策略1136专题 58 语法填空1162解答谓语类填空的 4 策略1162专题 59 语法填空1185

5、解答非谓语动词类填空的 4 策略1185专题 60 语法填空1207解答名词/数词/形容词和副词类填空的 3 策略1207专题 61 语法填空1229解答介词、冠词与代词类填空的 3 策略1229专题 62 语法填空1251解答并列句/复合句/特殊句式类填空的 6 策略1251专题 63 七选五1276主题句/过渡句/细节句的确定策略1276专题 64 七选五1294复现、替代、逻辑和连贯与试题解答1294专题 65 读后续写1313专题 66 突破读后续写必背的高分素材1328专题 67 概要写作结构化表达必备句式框架1345专题 68 获取写作高分的六大综合技能1353专题 69 统文化在

6、高考写作中的体现1378专题 70 提升写作言语美的话题佳句与特殊句式1394专题 01 名词【命题解读】名词是历年高考的重要考点,常常出现在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错题型中。名词部分主要考查: 名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)名词的所有格抽象名词的具体化名词和冠词的搭配【命题预测】语法填空对名词的考查仍然会成为高考的重点,主要集中在给出词根进行此类转化,根据习惯用法或固定短 语确定名词,名词的复数形式,所有格形式的变化。【名师指导】1. 整体把握,注意语境从近年高考试题看,高考语法填空对名词的考查离不开具体的语境,在语境中考查名词的相关知识。做题时, 既要全面、

7、整体地看题干,还要注意分析句子成分,并根据提示词来确定名词的相关考点。通常,涉及名词考点的试题包括:(1) 根据语境判断名词的单复数;(2) 提示词是形容词、动词等此类,根据句子成分和词缀知识加上相应的后缀变成名词;(3) 名词的固定搭配;(4) 名词的所有格及名词的其他相关知识2. 确定考点,注意搭配语法填空对名词的考查涉及名词各方面的知识,解题时要注意首先根据提示信息确定考点,试题是考查名词 的词类转换,还是考查复数名词、名词的所有格、名词的固定搭配等,确定了考点之后,再结合其他相关知识来 做出正确解答。3. 多记单词,积累词缀高考对名词的考查注重基础,我们在平时的复习中要打好基础,掌握足

8、够的考纲词汇,并熟知其常见搭配和 用法,并注意熟练掌握常用的名词词缀知识。4. 巧用就近原则当主语是由 or, nor, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also 连接的并列成分时以及在 there be 句型中,谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则。考点一 可数名词的复数(1) 规则变化情况方法例词一般情况加sstudents,teachers,doc tors,tables以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾加esglasses , dishes , boxes , watches 但stomach 复数形式直接加s,即 stomachs以辅音字母y 结尾变 y 为 i

9、 再加esfamilies,babies,armies,bodies以元音字母y 结尾加sboys,toys,pianos,photos以 f 或 fe 结尾大都变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加esthieves,wives,knives,shelves,lives少数加sbeliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefs以 o 结尾通常加sradios,videos,zoos,tobaccos有的加esheroes,potatoes,tomatoes【点睛】以o 结尾的下列名词要加es,它们是黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿,即 Negroes,heroes,echoes, potatoes

10、,tomatoes。但下列以o 结尾的名词既可以加es,也可以加s,它们是:zeros(zeroes)零,mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子,volcanos(volcanoes)火山。以f 或fe 结尾的下列名词需要把 f 或 fe 去掉,加ves,它们是为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半,即 selves,lives,thieves,wives,knives,leaves,shelves, wolves,halves。但下列以f 结尾的名词既可以去掉 f 加ves,也可以直接加s,如:handkerchiefs (handkerchieve

11、s) 手帕。名词前有 man 或 woman 修饰,变复数时,作定语的 man 或 woman 和后面的名词都要变成复数。如:woman doctorwomen doctors(2) 不规则变化自身有特殊变化的名词child 孩子childrenman 男人mentooth 牙teethfoot 脚,英尺feetmedium 传播媒介mediamouse 老鼠micephenomenon 现象phenomena常见单复数同形的名词:Chinese 中国人;sheep 绵羊;deer 鹿;series 系列;means 方式;works 工厂;fish 鱼;fruit 水果等。其中 fish,f

12、ruit 表示种类时,可加复数词尾,即 fishes,fruits。Some deer are eating grass at the bottom of the hill.Every possible means has been tried, but none has worked.合成名词的复数形式:son-in-law sons-in-lawpasser-by passers-bystory-teller story-tellers【点睛】名词+名词时,仅将后面的名词变复数:girl student girl students 但是 man/woman+名词时,前后都要变为复数: wo

13、man singer women singers【典例示例】1.(江苏卷)The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable . A.reservationB.transformationC.distinctionD.submission【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation 预订;B. transformation 改革,变革;C. distinction 区别;D. submission 提交。根据前文 The health

14、 security systems 可知, 此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选 B。2. (江苏卷)Nowadays the for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority 优先;优先权;B. potential 潜在的,可能的;C. proportion 比例,占比;D. pension 退休金,抚恤金。故选 A。3.(

15、天津卷)We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。statement陈述说明; impact强烈的影响,冲击力; impression印象,感想; judgement判断力判断。故选 B。4(.全国新课标卷 I语法填空)Two of the authors of

16、 the review also made a study published in 2014 66that/whichshowed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause).【答案】causes【解析】考查单复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天 5 到 10 分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填 causes。5. ( 全国新课标卷 I短文改错)Last winter when I we

17、nt here(改为 there) again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.【答案】chicken 改为 chickens【解析】考查名词复数。他们拥有一个大的独立住宅,还养了许多只鸡。根据前文的 dozens of 可知,其后用名词复数形式。6. ( 全国新课标卷短文改错)After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.【答案】sort 改为 sorts【解析】sort 在此意为种类,是可数名词,和 all 搭配

18、时用复数形式。故将 sort 改为 sorts.7. ( 全国新课标卷 I语法填空)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) asa method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62(effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.【答案】effects【解析】考查单复数。分析语境可

19、知作者表达的意思是一些不为人知的副作用,根据前文的 some 可知side effect(副作用)有很多,故填 effects。考点二 不可数名词(1) 通常只用作不可数名词的名词:advice 建议, furniture 家具, fun 乐趣;information 信息,news 新闻, weather天气, progress 进步,wealth 财富,value 价值等。(2) 不可数名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考的有:单词抽象名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功的人或事pleasure乐趣令人高兴的事beauty美;美丽

20、美丽的人或事物comfort安慰;慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危险危险的人或因素delight高兴令人高兴的事failure失败失败的人或事物surprise惊奇令人惊奇的事情shock震惊令人震惊的事情pride骄傲令人骄傲的事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的贡献一定会使这个事件很成功。物质名词具体化drink 饮料two drinks 两杯饮料coffee 咖啡a coffee 一杯咖啡chalk 粉笔a chalk 一支粉笔hair 头发a hair 一根头发抽象名词与 a(an

21、)连用,淡化了抽象概念,转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。例如:Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.在那些艰难的时期,能够买得起一杯酒会是一件欣慰的事。【典例示例】1(.天津卷)His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his as oneof Americas greatest writers.A.trustB.contact C.reputationD.theory

22、【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来,这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一 的声誉。A. trust 信任;B. contact 联系;C. reputation 声誉;D. theory 理论。根据句意,尤其是 greatest writers 可知此处用 reputation“声誉”符合语境,故选 C 项。2. She has gained many unforgettable about animals when in the forest doing research.A. experiences; stayedB. experiences; stay

23、ingC. experience; stayedD. experience; staying【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知,experience 在这里表示经历,因此为可数名词,所以排除 C 项和 D 项。When 引导的从句其实是 when she is staying in the forest doing research.当主句主语和从句主语一致,并且从句中有系动词时,可以把从句中的主语连同系动词一起省略,故用 staying。所以 B 项正确。句意:当停留在森林里做研究时,她已经获得了许多关于动物的难忘的经历。考点三 名词所有格(1)-s 所有格用 and 连接的并列名词的所有格要分

24、两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加s 或;表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加s 或。Toms and Jims rooms.汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间。Tom and Jims room.汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间。表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时,名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。at the barbers 在理发店at the teachers 在老师办公室(2) of 所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用 of 所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用 of 所有格。the content of the novel 小说的内容the name of

25、 the girl over there 那边那位女孩的名字(3) 双重所有格指名词of名词所有格或名词of名词性物主代词。a play of Shakespeares(莎士比亚的一个戏剧) a friend of mine(我的一个朋友)【典例示例】1. ( 全国新课标卷 II短文改错)When I was little, Fridays night was our family game night.【答案】Fridays 改为 Friday。【解析】考查名词的格。名词作定语,往往表明被修饰名词的时间、地点、类别、目的或用途、材料或来源等。 名词所有格作定语则强调与被修饰的词的所有关系或表

26、示逻辑上的谓语关系。此处表示星期五晚上,并不是所有关系,故把 Fridays 改为 Friday。2. The village is far away from here indeed. Its walk.A. a four hourB. a four hoursC. a four-hoursD. a four hours【答案】D【解析】s 属格除了用在表示有生命的东西(人或物)的名词后,有时还用于某些无生命的名词(如表示时间的名词)后,一般是在名词词尾加s,如果该名词词尾已有-s 或-es,则是在其后加 。故选 D。考点四 名词的语法功能1. 作主语The young woman play

27、ed an important part in the matter. 那年轻女人在这件事上举足轻重。His grandpa joined the Red Army at the age of fifteen. 他爷爷十五岁时参加红军。2. 作宾语(1) 作及物动词的直接宾语I met your elder brother in the street。我在街上碰见你哥哥了。Have you finished the letter to Jane?你写完给珍的信了吗?(2) 作及物动词的间接宾语。I told my students a funny story. 我给学生们讲一个有趣的故事。Sh

28、e asked the doctor another question. 她问了医生另一个问题。(3) 作介词的宾语。After 20 years traveling, he settled down in Liangxiang. 二十年的流浪后,他在良乡定居。Do you still ask your parents for money?你还向爸妈要钱吗? 3.作表语Its a good idea to plant trees here . 在这里栽些树是个好主意。She is now a professor while her husband remains a worker. 也现在是教

29、授而丈夫仍是个工人。4. 作宾语的补足语They elected Tom head of the workshop. 他们推选汤姆当车间的头。(职务名词作宾补前面不加冠词)The old man called my uncle Xiao Li. 老人喊我叔叔小李。5. 作定语(1) 直接作定语, 通常用单数形式。college students 大学生 girl friend 女友 vegetable garden 菜园 basketball match 篮球赛Lets stop by the book store on the way home.回家的路上,我们的书店停一下吧! He bou

30、ght the shoes in that shoe shop. 这双鞋他是在那个鞋店买的。(2) 名词所有格作定语。students books 学生用书Chinas capital 中国的首都the worlds population 世界人口(3) man,woman,gentleman 作定语man,woman,gentleman 作定语时可以用单数和复数两种形式,但必须随所修饰名词的数而定。He said that two women doctors would come to our village the next day. 他说明天有两个女医生到我们村子来。There are

31、many men teachers in our school. 我们学校有很多男教师。(4) 某些常用复数的名词用作定语某些常用复数的名词,当它们用作定语时,也须用复数形式。arms production 武器生产 clothes shop 服装商店 sales department 营业部 a goods train 货车savings bank 储蓄所 foreign languages department 外语系(5) 单位名称、报纸、广播、电视等的标题中经常出现复数名词作定语。Learning Skills center 学习技巧交流中心 The Boys Club 男孩俱乐部(6

32、) 表示类别时名词直接作定语还是用所有格作定语一定要严格遵守习惯。a peasant family/boy(peasant 习惯直接作定语) a workers family(worker 习惯用所有格作定语)(7) 两种定语有时并存但意义不一样。women drivers 女司机 the womans driver 这位妇女的司机girl friend 女朋友 the girls friend 这女孩的朋友mother tongue 母语 mothers tongue 母亲的舌头(8) 名词作定语强调被修饰成分的内容或职能,与其同根的形容词作定语则强调特点或属性gold watch 金表 (

33、指手表是含金的) golden watch 金色的表 (指表是金色的,但不一定含金) 6.作状语时间名词、数量名词、距离名词等有时可以作状语。The soldiers walked 50 kilometers at a night. 战士们一夜行军五十公里Your suitcase weighs 10 kilograms. 你的手提箱重 10 千克。【检测过关】1. Its said that dogs will keep you for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.A. companionB. colleagueC. com

34、panyD. relation2. I have heard that it is a common in that country to hold a big party to celebrate when a child turns 15.A. practiceB. methodC. evidenceD. effects3. Whats the matter, doctor?Nothing serious. Take this medicine according to the , and you will get better soon.A. introductionsB. explan

35、ationsC. suggestionsD. instructions4. In all aspects of the society, there are many heroes dedicated to their work. So they should get the they deserves.A. awardB. ceremonyC. priceD. credit5. Thanksgiving Day offers us an opportunity to express to our family, friends and even strangers.A. satisfacti

36、onB. appreciationC. reputationD. cooperation6. The stronger the is, the more quickly a man will learn a new skill. In other words, it is up to whether he has an interest in it.A. motivationB. ambitionC. effectD. imagination7. The new law makes no between adults and children, so everyone is treated e

37、qually.A. distinctionB. comparisonC. assumptionD. division8. Will you take my previous experience into when you fix my salary?You bet. We always do for senior-level positions.A. mindB. thoughtC. referenceD. account9. The environmentalists said wild goats on the vast grasslands was a good indication

38、of the better environment.A. accommodationB. absenceC. attendanceD. appearance10. Youd better pay your loan on time, as late payments may affect your .A. conditionB. creditC. incomeD. status11. - I dont feel I can accept her words.-But what she said was fair .A. contentB. commentC. contactD. concern

39、12. The trip aims to provide the children with a of the countryside first-hand.A. tasteB. reachC. touchD. load13. Lao Gan Ma, a popular chilli sauce, built up its by providing high-quality products at a relatively low price.A. reputationB. campaignC. appetiteD. occupation14. We are going to lose any

40、way, but the of playing is not to win but to participate.A. honourB. pointC. termD. favour15. We are deeply impressed by his to teaching.A. considerationB. celebrationC. devotionD. description16. Do you think I should wear a hat to the party?It all depends on your own .A. personalityB. preferenceC.

41、convenienceD. selection17. The people take to cloning varies widely from country to country.A. attitudeB. advantageC. prideD. part18. Have you ever been to Mount Wuyi?Yes. It is one of the most famous in Fujian.A. attractionsB. expressionsC. instructionsD. attentions19. What was Jeffs to the news th

42、at he was chosen to be chairman of the students union?A. reactionB. impressionC. permissionD. conclusion20. Some countries are increasing their use of natural gas, and other forms of .A. sourceB. energyC. powerD. material21. We have many animals on the farm, including three and six .A. sheeps; chick

43、ensB. sheeps; chickenC. sheep; chickensD. sheep; chicken22. Her for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.A. motivationB. qualificationC. talentD. technique23. He gave him a new name to hide his when he went to carry out the secret task.A. emotionB. talentC. identityD.

44、devotion24. Some of the language used on the Internet is different from that used in other forms of .A. communicationB. exchangeC. literatureD. transport25. He tried to avoid making mistakes, but the added pressure caused him to make more than his usual .A. sizeB. spaceC. shareD. state26. He doesnt like having for supper.A. chickB. chickenC. chickensD. chicks27. One day Marys mother told her best friend of all her .A. hope and fearB. hope and fearsC. hopes and fearsD. hopes and fear28. Can I help you, sir?

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