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1、SpringSowingLiam OFlahertySow seeds in seedbedsPlow the fieldTransplant the seedlings into the paddy field.ReapHusk uHe was born in 1896 in a remote village in Ireland.His family were not well off.uHe was a significant Irish novelist and short story writer and was considered to be a leading figure i
2、n the Irish literary renaissance.uHis works combine brutal naturalism,psychological analysis,poetry,and biting satire with an abiding respect for the courage and persistence of the Irish people.Liam OFlaherty 1896 1984uMajor works include:Thy Neighbours Wife(1924)thought to be one of his best.The In
3、former(1925)for which he had been awarded the 1925 James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction.Famine(1937)The Black SoulAuthorassert v.a.tomakeotherpeoplerecognizeyourrightorauthoritytodosthbybehavingfirmlyandconfidently维护自己的权利或权威eg.onesauthority,independence,rightsYouaretootimid-youmusttrytoassert
4、yourselfmore.b.state(sth)clearlyandforcefullyasthetruth声称，断言eg.Sheassertedherinnocenceassertionn.assertiveadj.showingastrongandconfidentpersonality;assertingoneselfeg.TheystatetheiropinionsinanassertivetoneofvoiceSynonyms:affirm,allege,claimbreed u breed v.1.(of animals)produce young 生育，繁殖 eg.How of
5、ten do lions breed?2.bring up;train;educate 养育，训练，教育 eg.Spartan youths were bred as warriors.u breed n.a type of person of animal 品种，种类 eg.What breed is your dog?crunch vv.to make a loud sound of sth being crushedeg.She was crunching peanuts while watching TV.The frozen snow crunched under our feet.
6、n.crunching crunchy adj.firm and crisp,and making a sharp sound when broken or crushed eg.crunchy biscuits dejected adj.depressed;saddejection n.eg.他们三番五次失败后情绪非常低落。Repeated failure had left them feeling very dejected./in dejectiongrumblev.1.(at/to sb)(about/at/over sth)complain or protest in a bad-t
7、empered way eg.你自己犯了愚蠢的错误，别向我抱怨Dont grumble at me about your own stupid mistakes?2.make a deep continuous sound eg.thunder grumbling away in the distance plaint;2.rumbleimminence n.imminentadj.(esp.ofunpleasantevents)abouttohappenverysoon即将发生的，临近的，逼近的Examples:theimminenceofnuclearwarTheygotnowarning
8、ofimminentdanger.Anannouncementoffurthercutsingovernmentexpenditureisimminent.pretend v.pretend to do sth 当他妈妈进房间时，男孩假装睡着了。The boy pretended to be asleep when his mother entered his room.我们按门铃时，她假装不在家。She pretended that she was not at home when we rang the bell.revel v.totakegreatpleasureordelightin
9、sthExamples:Theyrevelledalldayandallnightaftertheirexams.经历了一个漫长的酷暑，我们尽情享受这场暴雨。Afterthelonghotsummerwerevelledintherainstorm.subjugate v.todefeatsb/sth;togaincontroloversb/sthExample:TheircostlyandfutileattempttosubjugatetheAfghanslastedjust10years.他们想征服阿富汗人的意图耗费大量金钱而且无效，只维持了十年的时间Synonymsdefeatconqu
10、ervanquishsubduebeatdefeat,conquer,vanquish,beat,overcome“Whetherwedefeattheenemyinonebattle,orbydegrees,theconsequenceswillbethesame.”(ThomasPaine)“Aconqueringarmyontheborderwillnotbehaltedbythepowerofeloquence.”(OttovonBismarck)TheforcesofNapoleonwerevanquishedatwaterloo.“Towinbattlesyoubeatthesou
11、loftheenemyman.”(GeorgeS.Patton)“ThelastforeignertosubjugateEnglandwasaNormandukeintheMiddleAgesnamedWilliam.”(StanleyMeisler)swear v.swear-swore-sworn1.to use rude or offensive language,usu.because you are angry at sb/sth eg.She bumped her head in the doorway and swore loudly.2.to make a solemn pro
12、mise eg.你愿意在法庭上宣誓说你曾看见他做那件事吗？Are you willing to swear in court that you saw him do it?tremor n.slightshakingortremblingExample:Thestorywassoterriblethatitsenttremorsdownmyspine.她的声音有点颤抖Therewasatremorinhervoice.triangulartri-:three,triple tricolor tricycle trilingual bi-:two,twice bicycle biannual a
13、 biannual meeting bicentenary bicentennial anniversary/celebration bimonthly journal 双月刊 bigamy bilateral binoculars monologue n.mono-:one,single monogamy monolingual monopoly monopolize monorail monosyllable monotonous 我们现在可以开始仪式了吗？Shall we commence the ceremony now?那老汉拄着拐杖一瘸一拐地走着。The old man hobbl
14、ed along the road with the aid of his stick.他的谈判技巧使他赢得了精明外交官的名声。His skill in negotiating earned him a reputation as a shrewd diplomatist.我看见那男人身后拖着一捆柴。I saw the man dragging a bundle of firewood after him.BackgroundGenreA Short Story Plot:Setting:BWTRBackgroundGenreA Short Story Plot:a young couples
15、 first day of spring sowing Irish village Setting:In spring BWTRText AnalysisStructurePart I(paras.):Introduction.Part II(paras.):Preparation.Part III(paras.):In the morning.Part IV(paras.):At noon.Part V(paras.):In the afternoon.TWBRText AnalysisStructurePart I(paras.1-3):Introduction.Part II(paras
16、.4-8):Preparation.Part III(paras.9-14):In the morning.Part IV(paras.15-20):At noon.Part V(paras.21-35):In the afternoon.TWBRText OrganizationText OrganizationPart 1():Martin and Mary began their first day of spring sowing as a couple.Part 2():The couple worked in their field before sunrise till sund
17、own.Part 3():They were proud of their good days work.Para.1-4Para.5-31Para.32-35Text AnalysisPart 1(paras.1-3)How does the author describe the couples feeling about the spring sowing?Did Martin feel confident in himself?Please find evidence in the text.Martin stood in his shirt by the window,rubbing
18、 his eyes and yawning,while Mary raked out the live coals that had lain hidden in the ashes on the hearth all night.u live（usu.attrib.）:(here)still burning or glowing;not extinct/dead live fish a live TV program a live coverage of the World Cup a live bomb live wires Outside,cocks were crowing and a
19、 white streak was rising from the ground,as it were,and beginning to scatter the darkness.as it were:seemingly;in a way;so to speak.可以说是，似乎就是，好像 Ashorteningof“asifitwereso”,thisidiomhasbeeninusesinceChaucerstime.Weusethisidiomtomakewhatwearesayingsoundlessdefinite.eg.Sheismybestfriend,mysecondself,a
20、sitwere.他似乎生活在梦幻世界里。He was living in a dream world,as it were.他闭上眼睛，好像在回味那欢乐的时光。He closed his eyes,trying to relive that happy moment,as it were.translate the sentence Outside,cockswerecrowingandawhitestreakwasrisingfromtheground,asitwere,andbeginningtoscatterthedarkness.a.vi/vt(cause people or anim
21、als to)move,esp quickly,in different direction e.g.The crowd scattered.The police scattered the crowd.b.throw sth in different direction,here and there e.g.scatter the seed over the groundWe scattered plates of food around the room before the party.scattered:adj.lying far apart;not close togethereg.
22、a thinly scattered population.itwashatefulleavingawarmbedatsuchanearlyhour.(Para.2)“It+linkverb+adj./noun+presentparticiple”isacommonwayofcommentingonwhatyouaredoingorexperiencing.Insteadofpresentparticiples,youcanusetheinfinitive.Itsbeennicetalkingtoyou.ItsdifficulttryingtopersuadeapersonlikeRicky.
23、Itsimportanttoknowyourownlimitations.Itisnecessarytoupgradeanti-virussoftwareregularly.What did they look like?Martin,with his brown hair and eyes,his freckled face and his little fair moustache,looked too young to be married,and his wife looked hardly more than a girl,red-cheeked and blue-eyed,her
24、black hair piled at the rear of her head with a large comb gleaming in the middle of the pile,Spanish fashion.What did they look like?Martin,with his brown hair and eyes,his freckled face and his little fair moustache,lookedtooyoungtobemarried,andhiswife lookedhardlymorethanagirl,red-cheeked and blu
25、e-eyed,her black hair piled at the rear of her head with a large comb gleaming in the middle of the pile,Spanish fashion.They ate in silence,sleepy and bad-humored and yet on fire with excitement.(para.3)on fire:a.burningb.(ofpassion)burningwithemotion;excitedorpassionateExamples:Theenemycouldnotbut
26、abandonthewarshiponfire.Hewasonfirewithexcitementatthismarveloussight.Although still not fully awake and in a bad mood,the young couple was already greatly excited,because that day was the first day of their spring planting since getting married.Mary,withhershrewdwomansmind,thoughtofasmanythingsasth
27、ereareinlifeasawomaninthefirstjoyandanxietyofhermating.(para.3)las+adj./adv./many,muchn.+as-clause/n/proneg.Hestudiesashardashisbrother.Yourpenwritesassmoothlyasmine.Thisdictionaryisnotas/sousefulasyouthink.Yourbagistwiceasexpensiveasmine.Therefrigeratorsinthatshopwillbecheaper,butnotasgood.你犯了和我一样多
28、的错误。YouvemadeasmanymistakesasIhave.我还没有挣到我想挣的那么多钱。IhaventgotasmuchmoneyasIthought.Mary,likeallsharpandsmartwomen,thoughtofmanythingsinlifewhenshegotmarried.But Martins mind was fixed on one thought.(para.3)fix:fasten sth firmly to sth fix sth on sb/sth:direct(esp.ones eyes)on sb/sth with steady atte
29、ntion 使（目光、感情、注意力）集中于 eg.Her eyes were fixed on the gun.他一整个下午都在全身贯注地工作。For the whole afternoon,he fixed his thoughts on his work.fixed:adj.not changing;set;settled Part 2(paras.4-8)nCan you complete the sentence He swore and said that a man would be better off dead than.nWhen they were in the barn,
30、was Martin eager to commence the work?How about after they reached the little field?Please give textual evidence.better off:in a more favorable position or financial circumstances(Notice that this phrase is the comparative form of well off“)well off:in a good position,esp financiallyExamples:Hisfami
31、lyisnotverywelloff.Youdontneedtolookforanotherjob-yourewelloffwhereyouare.Theywerenotrich,buttheywerebetteroffthanmostoftheirnerghbours.Wewouldbebetteroffflyingthandrivingthere.It will be sunset before we begin at this rate.(para.4)atthisrate:progressingatthisspeedExamples:Wherehashegotto?Atthisrate
32、wewillmissthetrain.Atthisratetheywillsoonovertakeothercountries.uIt will be sunset before we begin at this rate.(para.4)It was more than a thousand years before man began to know that they could not try to conquer nature day and night.很长一段时间后我才认识到自己的错误。It was quite some time before I came to realize
33、 my mistake.那人告诉我们至少还有30英里才能到最近的加气站。The man told us there were at least thirty miles before we got to the nearest gas station.uI had not gone far before big flakes of snow began drifting down.她走没多久，我就想起来我忘了告诉她一件重要的事情。She had not left long before I remembered that I had forgotten to tell her somethin
34、g important.他们结婚没多久他就在一场车祸中失去了他的妻子。They had not been married long before he lost his wife in a car accident.bursta.tobreakopenorapartsuddenlyorviolentlyb.(burstwith)tobefulltothepointofbreakingopene.g.Ifyoublowthatballoonupanymoreitwillburst.e.g.Morepuddings?-Nothanks.ImburstingSheisalwaysburstingwi
35、thideas.c.（burstin/into）enter(aroom,etc)suddenlye.g.Thepoliceburstinandarrestedthegang.burstd.(beburstingtodosth)beveryeagertodosthe.g.Iwasburstingtotellmyparentsaboutmylifeatcollege.e.(burstout)suddenlybegindoingstheg.burstoutcrying,laughing,singingf.(burstintosth)sendoutorproducesthsuddenlyandviol
36、entlyeg.burstintotears,songs,angryspeechTheaircraftcrashedandburstintoflamesAnd they both looked back at the little cluster of cabins that was.cluster:number of people,animals or things grouped closely together eg.a cluster of flowers a cluster of houses,islands,spectatorswith throbbing heartsthrob
37、v.(of the heart,pulse,etc)beat,esp faster or stronger than usual eg.Her heart was throbbed with excitement.He had a bad headache,and his head throbbed.take(complete)hold(of sb/sth)togaincompletecontrolorinfluenceoversb.;Examples:Shefeltastrangeexcitementtakingholdofher.Shewasdeterminednottolettheill
38、nesstakeholdagain.这个想法永远不会影响到投票者。Theideawillnevertakeholdofthevoters.Word Buildingivy-covered ivy-covered adj.adj.nounpastparticiplesnow-coveredwind-blownflood-strickenweather-beatenhen-peckeddog-tiredstudent-centered被雪覆盖的被风吹的受灾的（因风吹日晒）粗糙的，受损的怕老婆的，惧内的极度疲乏的，累极了以学生为中心的Word Buildingwhiten whiten v.v.su
39、ffix-en:tomakeorbecomedarkenfastenheightenlengthenmoistensharpenstrengthenweakenworsen变黑暗装牢；系紧增高；增强（使）变长使湿润（使）锐利；（使）敏锐加强；（使）坚固使弱；使稀薄（使）恶化；（使）变坏Word Buildingwoolen woolen adj.adj.suffix-en:madeof;lookinglikeearthengoldenleadenwooden土制的；地球上的金制的；金色的铅制的；沉闷的木制的；呆笨的Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart III:p
40、aras.9-14Was Mary eager to work with her husband?Find textual evidence.How did Martin react to that?Why did Mary suddenly become afraid of the earth?Was Martin exceptional among the men in the village?take fortoregardasExamples:IthinktheytookmeforJapanese.Donottakeoursilenceforapproval.你当我们是傻子吗Doyou
41、takemeforafool?She became suddenly afraid of that pitiless,cruel earth,the peasants slave master that would keep her chained to hard work and poverty all her life until she would sink again into its bosom.chain sb/sth to sth(usu.be chained to sth):fasten or confine sb/sth with or as if with a chain;
42、拴住，束缚 Examples:My brother was chained to my sick mother for more than 30 years.很多女性觉得自己被拴在厨房的洗涤槽上。Too many women nowadays feel chained to the kitchen sink.She became afraid of the earth because it was going to force her to work like a slave and force her to struggle against poverty all her life unti
43、l she died and was buried in it.cock:to tilt or turn eg.He paused and cocked his head as if listening.那小伙子考虑了一会，头歪向一边。The young man thought about this for a moment,his head cocked to one side.secure:to get hold or possession of;to acquireeg.Eddies qualifications would no doubt help secure him a job.
44、她费了九牛二虎之力才为我弄到了一张票。With a tremendous effort,she managed to secure a ticket for me.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart IV:paras.15-20Was Martin satisfied with his work?Find textual evidence.Did Mary have a good appetite?Why or why not?draught:1.current of air2.the amount swallowed eg.take a deep/long
45、draught of beer.He empited his glass at one draught.robsb.ofsth.to deprive sb.of sth.belonging to that person by an unjust procedureExamples:Those cats robbed me of my sleep.The fact that he had lied before robbed his words of any credibility.当迈尔斯戴维斯（Miles Davis）去年九月去世，爵士就失去了它最具特色的嗓音。When Miles Davi
46、s died last September,jazz was robbed of its most distinctive voice.She was so tired that she had lost her appetite.a strange joy swept over her.(para.17)A new broom sweeps clean.(proverb)A terrible storm swept across the whole city.The generals eyes swept over the soldiers,and he gave the order to
47、attack.You cant say they are all corrupt.Thats too sweeping.There might be a few exceptions.overpower v.to overcome by superior forceExamples:He was overpowered by the heat.They were overpowered by grief when their son died.她完全被两个袭击她的男人控制了。She was completely overpowered by the two men who attacked h
48、er.adj.overpowering find the smell overpoweringThe feeling of joy drove away the feeling of terror that she had had in the morning.findoutthesentencesthatembodytheemotionalcharacteristicsoffarmers shy,notverydemonstrative,feelashamedofgentlefeelingsAgoodfarmerisnotsupposedtobesoftandsentimental.Para
49、graph18The heavy work made Martin thirsty and hungry and made him enjoy his lunch and tea more.gleam(para.2&18)glisten(para.17)glimmer(para.5)shinebrightlyshinebrightly(usu.becauseitiswetoroily)sentoutweakandunsteadylightcarry a long way/carry far(saidofsoundorsmell)togoveryfarExample:即使在这么安静的环境中，他还
50、是怀疑这个声音能否传很远。Eveninthisstillnesshedoubtedifthesoundwouldcarryalongway.Text AnalysisDetailed AnalysisPart V:paras.21-35How did Martins grandfather comment on the couple?What had Martin and Mary accomplished by the end of the days sowing?What did Martin think of the days work?a flash of sth.asudden,br