《中考英语阅读理解的解题策略与训练.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《中考英语阅读理解的解题策略与训练.pdf（54页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、中考英语阅读理解的解题策略与训练第一部分2008-2012年湛江中考阅读题A 类题(机智、幽默故事)1(2008湛江市)Mr.Jackson is a farmer and he lives in a small village.Itwas the last day of June.He drove to the town to buy some new clothes for hiswife and his children.He got there after twenty minutes.It was Sunday,and thestreet was full of people.He
2、couldnt find a place to park his car.At last henoticed there was no car in front of a building.He parked it there at once andwent shopping.Two hours later the farmer went back to his car with many thingsin his hands.To his surprise,he saw a policeman standing by his car.“Do you know you cant park he
3、re,sir?”asked the policeman.Im sorry I dont.answered Mr.Jackson.“Look at the sign,please.the policeman said seriously.“Doesnt it say Tine for parking9?So I parked it here!”()51.Mr.Jackson went s h o p p i n g.A.on June 30th B.on June 31st C.in June 30th D.in June 31s*()52.Mr.Jackson parked his car.A
4、.%a poking bt B.next to a restaurantC.bdiind a hous D.h font of a buiding()53.Two hours later was beside Mr.Jacksons car.A.a Sop asistant B.hfc wfeC.a polceman D.a polcewoman()54.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.That vas a phce fer jarking.B.Mr.Jackson didnt see the sign.C.M
5、r.Jackson may park his car there.D.Mr.Jackson couldnt park his car there.()55.The mderline word fine in the passage means.A.晴朗 B.罚款 C.合适 D.好的2(2011 湛江市)In our life,sometimes we feel embarrassed(尴尬).Have youever had any embarrassing moments like these students?Lin Wei-My shoes wereworn out so I went
6、shopping for a new pair last Wednesday.I showed greatinterest in a pair of black shoes which cost 120 yuan.I bargained(讨价还价)withthe shop assistant and finally we reached a deal at the price of 88 yuan.But whenI put my hand into the pocket.Oh,God!Where was my purse?Yang Li-1 wentout for dinner with m
7、y parents,and started complaining about how terrible andstrict my math teacher was.When I turned around,I saw her sitting at the tableright behind me,Zhang Hui-After class,I walked to the playground with myfriend.I found everyone pointed to me and said something when I passed by.Ithought they might
8、be talking about my nice clothes.However,I heard themlaughing.My friend was surprised and looked at my back.What did she find?Atortoise(乌龟)on the paper sticking on my back.Chen Qian-Last month therewas a talent show in our school.I was in that show.However,I forgot the wordsof the song while singing
9、!What a bad feeling I had!()51.thought the math teacher was terrible.A.Chen Qan B.Lin Wei C.Ziang Hii D.Yang Li()52.Maybe Lin Wei,so he felt embarrassed at that time.A.forgot the words of the song B.left his purse at homeC.complained about his teacher D.didnt know how to make a bargain()53.Students
10、laughed at Zhang Hui because on her back there was.A.a tortoise B.a purse C.a pair of black shoesD.a piece of paper with a tortoise on it()54.Chen Qian couldnt remember the whole song,he felt.A.h py B.excited C.rry D.hterested()55.The best title of this passage is.A.H)w Enbarrassed We Are B.H)w Hird
11、 Chr Life IsC.Try N)t To Be Enbarrassed D.Never Forget Things3(2011 湛江市)Long long ago,there was a king.One day,he put a stone(石头)on the road.Then he hid(藏)himself and watched to see if anyone would takethe big stone away.Some rich men came by.But they just walked around it andcomplained that the kin
12、g didnt keep the road clear,but nobody did anything tomove the stone away.Then a farmer came along.He was carrying a bag ofvegetables.When he came to the stone,the farmer put down the vegetables andtried to move the stone to the side of the road.After trying several times,he madeit.As a farmer picke
13、d up his vegetables,he found a bag lying on the road wherethe stone was.There were many gold coins and a note from the king.The notesaid the gold coins were for the person who moved the stone from the road.Thefarmer learned what many others never understand.Every obstacle(障碍)improves ones life.()56.
14、One day,put a stone on the road.A.he firmer B.he king C.给me ich men D.oher pa)ple()57.The king hid himself because he wanted to see if.A.the rich men would move the stone awayB.there were any gold coins under stoneC.anyone would move the stone awayD.The faimer would take the coins away()58.When the
15、farmer found the stone,he.A.wilked a,ound t B.t)ok i homeC.complained i)out i D.nnved t avay()59.According to the note from the king,we know that the famer could _A.ge he gold coins B.get a loneC.see the king D.m)ve he lone()60.From the last sentence of the passage,we can learn that.A.we cant get an
16、ything after solving the problemsB.we can get much money after moving a stoneC.we can improve our life by solving problemsD.we can understand everything if we move the stone away4(2012湛江市)A poor farmer had a friend who was famous for thewonderful apple trees he grew.One day,his friend gave the farme
17、r a young apple tree and told him to plantit.The farmer was pleased with the gift,but he did not know where to plant it.He was afraid that if he planted the tree near the road,strangers would stealthe fruit.If he planted the tree in one of his fields,his neighbors would come atnight and steal some o
18、f the apples.If he planted the tree near the house,kidswould take the fruit.Finally he planted the tree in his house.But without sunlightand good soil(土壤),the tree soon died.Later the friend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poorplace.Whafs the difference?the farmer said angrily
19、 and then told what he hadthought.YesJ said the friend,nbut at least someone could have enjoyed the fruit.Now you not only have robbed everyone of the fruit,but also you have destroyeda good apple tree!1 1()46.The farmers friend was famous for pl a nt i ng.A.甲 pie tees B.pr tees C.d d tees D.gift te
20、es()47.One day,the farmer was gi ven.A.ai oil 甲 pie tee B.a cfestroyed 甲 pie teeC.ayoung apple tee D.a bad pple tee()48.The farmer planted the apple tree.A.n幽 r he nad B.in one of his fieldsC.h hs hou D.near hk hous()49.At last,the apple tree.A.gew fist B.ded C.wis iolen D.wis aller()50.destroyed th
21、e apple tree.A.The kils B.Hs ndghbors C.The Grangers D.The farmerhimselfB 类题(科普、生活知识)1(2008湛江市)Colors can be seen everywhere.We see them in the sky and inthe sea.There are colors in rocks and in all plants and animals.Everything we seehas colors.We see the colorful world.How can we see colors?We see
22、 colorswhen light hits our eyes.Dogs and many other animals cant see colors.But beescan.This helps them find flowers to fly to.We sometimes use the means of colors to express our feelings.People maysay that they see red when they are angry.Or you may say you feel blue.Thismeans you are sad.We also u
23、se colors to tell us things.Red is the color ofstopping signs.Green means that you can go.Animals come in all kinds of colors.Many of these are very pretty.Ananimafs color may say“Here I am.or“Watch out.Or it may help the animal tohide.Some animals can make their colors similar to their surroundings
24、(周围的事物).Then they cant be seen easily.Some people cant tell one color from another.They can see yellow andblue.But they cant tell red from green.We say these people are color blind.()56.We can see c ol or s.A.h he iky B.in the sea and rocksC.in all plants and animals D.A,B and C()57.If your friend i
25、s sad,he may say“A.I see red B.Watch out C.I feel bbe D.I feel yellow()58.According to the passage,why sometimes some animals cant be seeneasily?A.Because they have special colors.B.Because they make their colors different from other animals.C.Because they have bright colors.D.Because they make thei
26、r colors look like things around them.()59.The person who is color blind.A.can jee yellow aid bbe B.cant tell red from greenC.cant 耸 e yellow and bbe D.can tell red from green()60.Whats the best title of the passage?A.Colors.B.Color Blind.C.We See Colors.D.Animals and Colors.2(2009湛江市)If you dont us
27、e your arms or your legs for some time,theywill become weak,when you start using them again,they will gradually(逐渐地)become stronger again.Everybody knows this.Yet many people do not seem toknow that it is the same with our memory.If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak,we know that it is hi
28、s ownfault.But if he tells us that he has a poor memory,many of us think that hisparents are to blame(责怪)，and few of us know that it is just his own fault.Have you ever found that some people cant read or write but they usuallyhave better memories?This is because they can not read or write and they
29、have toremember things;they can not write them down in a little notebook.They mustremember dates,names,songs and stories;so their memories are being exercisedthe whole time.So if you want a good memory,learn from these people:practiceremembering.()51.What will happen to your arms or legs if you dont
30、 use them for sometime?-They will be.A.strong B.boken C.weak D.hurt()52.What does the word“fault“mean in the second paragraph?A.困难 B.过错 C.粗心 D.聪明()53.What do many of us think of the person with a poor memory?A.His parents are to blame.B.He isnt clever.C.Fb fc f)olish.D.Hs paents are vo-y clever.()54
31、.Why do some people usually have better memories but they cant reador write?Be c a u s e.A.they are stronger B.they often practice rememberingthingsC.they have strong arms and legs D.their parents are good()55.What does the passage mainly(主要)talk about?A.Arms.B.Legs.C.Behaviors.D.IVfemories.3Studyin
32、g too much?(2009湛江市)Most people work or study from Monday to Friday.Theweekend is usually a time of rest.But todays Chinese teenagers can hardly restduring the weekends.According to a survey,24%of the Grade 8 students in Beijing have classes atthe weekend.Over 40%of the middle school students have l
33、ess than eight hours,sleep each night because of study.And this doesnt happen only in Beijing.Ji Chunying is a Grade 9 student inGuangzhou.The 14-year-old girl has to get up at 6:45 am on Saturday.Then shehas classes all the day.On Sunday,she goes to extra(额外)classes for math andphysics.But Ji doesn
34、t complain.She says her classmates all work very hard.Finding time to have funZhao Ming,13,is from Zhanjiang,Guangdong.Zhaos weekend is less busy.But he still spends Saturday in school.On Sunday,after finishing homework,he plays basketball.441 feel happy because I stillhave time to do the things I l
35、ike,“he said.Some students are much luckier.Ding Yi,aGrade 8 student from Laiwu,Shandong,is oneof them.During the weekend,Ding usuallygets up at 8:00am.Then she spends some timedoing homework.After that she is free to goshopping or watch TV.My teacher said I dontneed to push myself too much.Learning
36、 wellat school is enough,“Ding said.500 anC.from 2:00 am to 5:00 pm D.from 2:00 pm to 5:30 pm()43.If you want to and get fit again,you can go to a fitness camp.A.bse veight B.feach he piinoC.ha/e IE dass D.eat fess()44.You can call when you want to go to Next Wave MusicStore.A.544-9968 B.4752300 C.8
37、732059 D.4734528()45.We may see the advertisements above from a.A.m)vie B.poster C.iory book D.Nbtice第二部分中考英语阅读理解命题特点及解题策略阅读理解是考查学生语言综合运用能力的一个重要途径。它着重考查学生的整体理解能力、分析判断能力、逻辑推理能力、扩展联想能力和获取信息能力。中考阅读题体裁富于变化，形式多种多样，时代气息浓，可读性强,理解难度较高。一、阅读理解题的命题研究阅读理解题对学生提出了较高的能力要求，主要考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力，要求既要抓住文章的主旨，又要
38、抓住细节；既要理解具体事实，又要理解抽象概念；既要理解文章字面意思，又要挖掘作者意图，揣摩隐藏在字里行间的内涵；既要理解全篇的逻辑关系，又要理解某些细节的意思，并且在读懂句子和文章的基础上，将所读文章进行判断、分析和推理。概括的说就是这类题注重考查阅读技能，包括理解短文大意，了解具体细节，通过上下文猜测词义，归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解作者的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力，还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想，作出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨、事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查，设题通常考虑以下四个方面：1.直观性问
39、题。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。2.常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型。3.理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想、某段的段落大意、某一事实的细节及作者意图等的理解程度。4.推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解短文后.再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。二、透视中考阅读理解命题特点阅读理解题是中考英语的测试重点，也是中考英语试题中卷面分值最高的一种题型，在各地中考试卷中约占30%-40%的比例。一般设三-四篇短文，试题采用“根据所给阅读材料判断正误”、“选择最佳答案回答问题”和“从阅读短文中获取信息并填空”几种形式。纵观近年来全国各地中考阅
40、读题，其体裁多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文、应 用 文（信函、请柬、通知、便条、表格、图表、广告、图示和标志等）；所选材料内容广泛，涉及文化、环境、科普、社会、政治、经济、历史等众多领域。文章的体裁富于变化，可谓题材宽泛，形式多种多样。其特点是：时气息浓，可读性强，理解难度较高。阅读理解题对学生提出了较高的能力要求，主要是考查学生通过阅读获取信息、分析信息和处理信息的能力，既要抓住文章的主旨，又要抓住细节;既要理解具体事实，又要理解抽象概念；既要理解文章字面意思，又要挖掘意图，揣摩隐藏在字里行间的内涵既要理解全篇的逻辑关系又要理解某些细节的意思，并且在读懂句子和文章的基础上，将所读文章进行判断
41、、分析和推理。概括的说就是这类题注重考查阅读技能，包括理解短文大意、了解具体细节、通过上下文猜测词义、归纳篇章大意，以及推断或理解的态度和意图等。考生不仅要具有准确获得信息的能力，还要具有透过文章表层意思理解文章隐含意义的能力。这样才能抓住中心思想，作出正确的判断。试题涉及掌握语篇主旨，事实细节、深层含义、推理判断、猜测词义等多方面的阅读能力考查。设题通常考虑以下四个方面。1.直观性问题。直接引用原文中的语句或根据短文中原语句稍加改动而编成。2.常识性问题。考查学生依据短文信息，并根据自己所具备的一般常识作出判断的题型。3.理解性问题。考查学生对文章的中心思想，某段的段落大意，某一事实的细节及
42、意图等的理解程度。4.推理性问题。这类题需在深刻理解短文后，再经过推理判断才能选出正确答案。阅读是一个复杂的心理过程，语言学家古德曼(Groodman)认为，阅读就是读者通过其心理和语言活动理解来接受的思想和观点。如果学生能读懂一篇文章，则表明写作时的思维过程与该生在阅读时的思维活动趋于吻合，这就是说学生的阅读理解必须实于原文，不可脱离文章凭空想象。对学生进行阅读技巧训练还应该从文体角度来训练，因为一篇文章的设题是受其文体限制的。下面我们分析几个不同体裁文章的特点，供大家参考。a.故事类。初中生接触到的阅读材料大都是故事类。阅读故事类的材料,应该抓住人物线索、地点线索、时间线索和情节发展线索。
43、特别注意的是，以上线索往往是并存的。因为情节的发展总是涉及到人物的变化、时间的推移、场景的变换等。而阅读材料后的阅读理解题往往会围绕这些内容设计一些事实类的理解题。凡事实类的理解题都可以从阅读材料的表层文字中找到答案。在阅读故事类短文时，应指导学生理解文章的深层含义，也就是它的主题。在此需要注意的是，现在的阅读理解题在测试事实类的理解题的同时,往往有一道推理类理解测试题。b.科普类。这里所指的科普类是广义的。它包含有介绍科学知识、社会知识的短文。阅读这类短文时，要以事实为中心进行思考，抓住事物的特征、用途、相互关系等.如果是介绍社会现象的文章，要掌握所谈现象的内涵。c.图表类。这类短文是通过看
44、图或表格等来了解某方面的情况。指导学生阅读这类材料时，主要从两方面入手；一是了解图表的主题，确定图表的主要内容，二是推敲图画语言或数字，找出它们之间的关联或试图表达的含义。d.新闻类。报刊阅读应逐步成为中学生阅读的一个重要内容。由于新闻报道强调遵循5个w和1个H,所以，我们在阅读时也要抓住这一点去理解。三、中考英语阅读理解解题技巧及应对策略做阅读理解题，根据实际情况，可用不同的方法。对于一些直接信息类题目，先读问题后读短文，带着问题去读文章，目的明确，容易抓住文中与问题相关的信息点；对于主观判断题，则应该从文章整体着手，认真阅读，综合分析判断，作出正确选择。一般情况下要做好阅读理解，应从以下儿
45、个方面人手：1.浏览全文，理解大意。考试时，以快速阅读方式浏览全文，了解文章大意，可避免断章取义，减少解题时的盲目性。阅读时要抓住主题和关键性词句，把握它们之间的联系，为解题做好准备。文章的主要观点常融汇贯穿于全文，考生在理解全文的基础上，可对文章作出总结和概括性评价，分析作者的观点，推测作者的写作意图。只有对事件发生的时间、地点、因果、过程，以及涉及的人物透彻理解，才能全面掌握全文。2.细读首尾，确定题材。阅读短文时，要特别注意文章的开头和结尾，因为它们通常是文章的主题句，是全文的中心所在。从开头句可以把握作者的写作思路，以及文章将要叙述的内容；结尾句常是作者观点和态度的所在，有利于加强对文
46、章的理解，从而确定题材，预测故事情节的发展和可能的结局。阅读时先从语法角度考虑，再从逻辑角度考虑。这样有利于搜索文章的背景文化和习俗，获取重要的解题信息。3.根 据 内 容，推测词义。阅读时如遇到生词，应先跳过去，继续通读全文，切忌长时间死抠生词；更不要逐词翻译，造成前后脱节，缺乏语感，影响了对全文大意的理解。遇到生词时应该平心静气，不急不躁，有时只需知道这词是人名、地名或是什么词性等等就行了。因为有些生词虽然不认识，我们仍能了解故事的梗概，获得整体印象，且可以通过上下文语境去推测词义。4.看清题目，选择答案。弄清题目要求，带着问题有目的地进行阅读，这样才能把握方向，提高阅读理解及解题的正确性
47、。对那些明显的、有把握的题目，可以准确判断，不必再推敲；对有些概念模糊的选项，不能从文中直接找到答案，考生可利用背景知识，依据各种信息进行分析推理，把握文章的整体脉络，调整并定位自己的解题思路，从而作出最终判断。考生有时可跳出文章的束缚，凌驾于短文之上，居高处而观全文。5.综观全文，验证答案。现在大多数考生在做阅读题时，急于寻求答案，文章草草看一遍，就看所给的选项，然后再到文中找答案。这样做既不利于整体把握全文概要，又会造成对文章局部内容的理解出现偏差，常常顾此失彼。有的题目设计刁巧,由下文暗示上文，限制上文；有的要靠排除错误来选正确的。确定答案以后，要看其是否与文中的内容相矛盾，再看它是否完
48、全符合文章的中心思想。此外学生做阅读理解题时，还应注意四点：（1）注意文章的首段和每段的首句或最后一句。一般说来阅读文章没有标题，会给学生了解文章的中心意思造成一定的困难，而文章的首段或每段的首句往往可能是文章或每段的中心所在，交代作者要说明的对象或作者要阐述的观点，尾句是文章的结论或要表达作者的意图、态度、目的。注意到这一点，才能抓住中心，为理解文章奠定良好的基础。（2）阅读文章体裁不同，阅读的侧重点也不同。记叙文中要注意who（人物），where（地点），when（时间）,what（事件），why（原因）；说明文要注意说明的对象、特征、细节及数字等；议论文要注意作者的观点、论点和论据。（3
49、）要通过文章线索来分析、判断作者的意图。文章的结论、中心思想及深层次的推理判断是最难把握的。考生做题时要特别注意。（4）要了解英语国家的风俗习惯、风土人情，了解地道英语语言表达习惯，不能以中国人的习惯来理解文章。英语阅读理解题的解题技巧1.学会获取段落的主旨和大意获取段落主旨大意的最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇 文 章（或一段文章）通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的，而这个中心意思往往由一个句子概括出来。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句，因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点：1）表述的意思比较概括，相对其主句来看，这种概括性更为明显。2）句
50、子结构较简单，多数句子都不长，不难。3）段落中其它的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的，在一个段落中，大部分主题句的位置有两种：主题句在段首主题句在段首的情况相当普遍。这种情一般出现在新闻报道说明文之中。议论文大都采用先总述，后分述的叙事方法。如：阅读材料的第一段：All living things on the earth need other living things to live.Nothing livesalone.Most animals must live in a group,and even a plant grows close togetherwit