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1、中考阅读理解必备中考阅读理解考察分析：长沙地区中考主要分客观单选和主观回答问题两大板块，客观单选以细节题为主（考察学生文中找答案的能力），同时考察少量的推理判断题和主旨题。回答问题同样是考察学生找答案的能力，不太需要学生自己组织语言，但要注意句子的时态和句子的基本结构，主要是谓语的时态和主谓一致。中考阅读理解出题特点和注意事项：1.题目一般遵循文章段落的先后顺序排列。2.先阅读题目和选项，找出题干和选项中的关键词并作出记号：包括重点的名词、形容词、动词和否定词。同时对选项中的不同点进行标注.3.带着关键词阅读文章，在关键词处重点阅读。英语阅读题型和解决方案：主旨大意题：主旨大意题主要是考察学生
2、对文章的中心思想的把控和提炼，属于考察难度较大的一种题型，但在中考中一般只考察1-2题，具体特点和解决方法如下：一、常见题干提问方式：1.What is the main idea of this passage?2.What does this passage mainly talk about?3.From the passage/paragraph we can learn that.4.The best title for this passage is.5.The writer want to tell us that.6.The passage/paragraph is mainl
3、y about.7.The main puipose is to.二、解题方法：干扰选项的特点：伤心绝对：常见表否定的词有：never,not,useless,hardly,seldom,little,few,no,none,nobody,nothing 等;表绝对肯定的词有：all,must,always,最高级。片面武断：把文中某段的观点或者细节作为选项。无中生有：文章中有提到选项中的某个词，但是没有文中没有阐述选项中的观点。如：正确选项的特点：具有一定的总结性，看上去有点深奥，另外文章的标题正确选项常会在文章中多次提及，而错误选项只会在某段出现。阅读重点：阅读时注意文章的首段和尾段，以及
4、各段的首句所包含的信息。细节判断题细节判断题：细节判断题是中考考察重点，至 少 占80%的题量，主要考察学生对文章某些细节的把握，或以原文出现，或对文中细节进行同义或近意修改。做题步骤：一 定 ，定题干和选项中的关键词，主要是实词，包括名词、动词和形容词。二 比 ，比较选项中的不同点，并作出标记，注意选项中的否定词。三 选 ，读文章，根据关键词和选项的不同点进行正确选择，注意数字题，一般要求学生进行简单计算。细节题考察主要包括一般细节题(when,why,how,w hat等)、正 误 判 断(which istrue/right/not true)以 及(except)题。干扰选项的特点：(
5、1)张冠李戴，把A做的事按在B头上。(2)无中生有，文中没提及，但容易让学生根据常识想当然。(3)答非所问，文中有原文，但是不是问题所涉及的答案。(4)偷换概念，与文中的细节相反或者把修改细节的某个点。故做题时请注意一定要立足于文章，可适当结合常识，不要想当然，细心就能解决问题。正误判断题考察一般涉及到整篇文章中的各种细节，所以先看选项作出关键词的标注尤为重要,读文章时看到关键词出现即做好记号，为最后做题做好准备，可避免需要重复看文章而浪费时间。词义猜测题：词义猜测题是考察学生对文中的某个词或句子意思的猜测，一般考察1-2题，主要是上下文的分析能力，其答案的线索通常在本句或前后1-2句中出现，
6、需要学生自己分析，我们应该分析什么呢？注意事项和解决方法如下：一、代词的解决方法：首先看清代词的单复数，如it they等，代词指代的一定是前文出现过的人或事，是单数就看前文的单数名词，复数则看前文中的复数名词。如：（2014 连云港）Besides,every holiday Katherine makes something called“net giftcertiflcate with the help of her friends and brothers.On each 10-dollar certificate there is amessage.It explains that
7、a bed net would be sent to Africa.When more certificate orders come,Katherine gets help from students in her school.2.In Paragraph 4,“It”refers to A.a 10-dollar note B.a gift certificate C.an organization D.a message（2014 滨州）In the past,children were taught their parents wishes and look after them i
8、n their oldage.3.In the forth paragraph,the underlined word“them refers to（指的是）.A.modern parents B.the five fathers on the showC.the parents in the past D.the children in the old days（2014 广州）First I had to get the kids to sleep.That was never easy at any time and tonight itwas even more difficult.T
9、he eldest one wanted to know why we left the party early.I told him10:30 pm was not early.As usual,I read them a bed time story,but I had to stop myself readingtoo quickly or they would learn my secret.2.The underlined word they in Paragraph 3 refers to.A.thieves B.parents C.children D.neighbours二、形
10、容词和副词的解决方法：形容词和副词一般是描述人或物的性质，看清形容词或副词所形容的对象，所以重点放在前后句中主语发出的动作和行为，同时周边的形容词和副词也要注意。如：（2014 河北）Children do not have much experience or knowledge.However,they are naturaldreamers.We should not laugh at them for being naive.Many great men were dreamers when theywere children.One such dreamer was Thomas E
11、dison.He used to be ostracized（排斥）when hewas in primary school,but his achievements were greater than everyone elses in his time.4.The underlined word“naive“in the passage means in Chinese.A.逆反的 B.幼稚的 C.调皮的 D.冲动的（2014 广州）Here is a case that shows the benefits of animals.John was a six-year-old mute.
12、Hehad no physical problems.He just refused to talk.2.The underlined word mute in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A.a person who speaks slowly B.a person who does not speakC.a person who cannot hear D.a person who enjoys talking（2014 泰 安）The woman in the house,my father distant cousin,was a terr
13、ible cook and her foodwas inedible.2.The underlined word“inedible“is closest in meaning to A.too bad for him to eat B.nice to look at C.not enough to eat D.as delicious as usual（2014 泰安）Harish Chaturvedi,a lawyer,teaches people yoga for free-even the poor people canlearn from him.3.The underlined ph
14、rase ufdr free in the passage me ans.A.快乐地 B.自由地 C.免费地 D.规律地三、名词的解决方法：首先注意文中的连词，an d 和 o r 并列的词可以是意思想同的也可能是相对的，but,however一定是表示相对的。关注前后句的名词和动词（短语）.如：（2014达 州）Recently,scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster（龙虾）.Every year,when theseason of the bad weather arrives,the lobsters get
15、into a long line and start to walk across the floorof the ocean.4.The underlined word migration in the passage me ans.A.迁徙 B.习性 C.运动 D.寻觅（2014 湖北咸宁）A Bite of China 2 shows a greater dream一through homemade food,it tells thejoys and sorrows of common Chinese in changing times,according to director Che
16、n Xiaoqing ofthe documentary series.4.What does the underlined word“sorrows“mean in Chinese?A.故事 B.伤害 C.快乐 D.悲伤（2014 扬州）In her diary,Anne wrote down her thoughts,her feelings,her hopes and her dreamsfor the future,want the diary to be my friend,and Im going to call this friend Kitty.”2.According to
17、the passage,4tKitty is.A.her diary B.her elder sister C.her mother D.her hiding place（2014 南京）Destruction of the worlds rain forests is a serious problem.Unluckily,rain forests aredisappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute!3.The word“Destruction”in paragraph 2 probably means“the process of beingA
18、.destroyed B.developed C.described D.discovered.（2014 兰州）For example,sunglasses are not just fashion but they can also serve as a great way toprotect your eyesight from UV rays.4.What do the under words UV rays,mean?A.沙土 B.闪电 C.紫外线 D.超声波（2014 长沙）Now Jason still faces many hardships in life,but he wi
19、ll make you believe that youcan do what he has done.“Never be afraid of any difficulty,Jason often encourages others in his speeches.3.What does the underlined word“hardships mean in this passage?A.成就 B.贫穷 C.困难（2014 滨州）1 ran quickly to my house to call 119,and then I rang my neighbors doorbell,knock
20、ed at the door,but there was no response.1.The underlined word“response”can be replaced（代替）by.A.resultB.answerC.questionD.key（2014 荷泽）Anybody can grow older.That doesnt need any talent or ability.To grow up,youmust always find the opportunity in change.3.The underlined word talent“in the third parag
21、raph means in Chinese.A.训练 B.方法 C.途径 D.才能四、动词的解决方法：考察动词意思时，首先要高清动作的发出者和承受着，然后主要通过前后句中的动词（短语）和名词来进行判断。如：（2014 扬州）Andy pulled out her phone to contact her husband,Jason,but he didnt respond.Sheknew that if she didnt carry the dog down the mountain,he would die.2.What does the underlined word“respond，i
22、n Paragraph 4 mean?A.Pull.B.Contact.C.Speak.D.Answer.（2014 鄂州）He was so successful that his arm started to recover its normal color.When the greyhad disappeared completely,he started feeling happy again,2.The underlined word recover means in Chinese.A.转变 B.进化 C.变异 D.恢复（2014 北京）Teens would like to sp
23、end more time doing things with their parents,but watching TVis not counted as spending time together.As your teens mature,it is important for you and yourteens spend time alone together,one to one.2.The underline part counted as“in Paragraph 3 probably means A.compared with B.used as C.connected wi
24、th D.regarded as（2014 ill 25）After the visitor is welcomed into the house,he is offered a seat and water at the verybeginning,because the host assumes that the visitor must have come from a very long journey andneed water.1.The underlined word“assumes”here probably means A.thinks B.remembers C.disag
25、rees D.follows（2014 重庆）In this book,she pointed out that the use of some kinds of pesticides（杀虫剂）likeDDT would cause the number of birds to decline because it would kill them as well.3.The Chinese meaning of the word“decline in this passage is probably A.增加 B.减少 C.维持 D.翻番（2014 河南）A single teacher wo
26、uld typically（典型地）have students in the first through eighthgrades,and she taught them all.The number of students varied from six to 40 or more.Theyoungest children sat in the front,while the oldest students sat in the back.The teacher usuallytaught reading,writing,arithmetic,history,and geography.St
27、udents memorized（记忆）and retoldtheir lessons.1.What does the word“varied in the Paragraph Two mean in Chinese?A.变化 B.排列 C.调整 D.减少推理判断题：推理判断题是细节和主旨两种题型的一种综合体，难度最大，故考察量很小，常只考察一题，主要结合上述两种题型的特点和解决办法。其特点和注意事项如下：一、常见题干提问方式：（主要包括infer推 断imply暗 示,learn from 了解到）1.It can be inferred from the passage that.2.Fr
28、om the passage,we can infer（推断）.3.What can we learn from the passage?4.We can learn about from this passage.5.The passage implies that.6.作者的态度和文章的出处干扰选项的特点：1.偷换概念：选项中的观点与文中的相反。2.无中生有：文中有提及选项中的某个词，但观点却脱离文章，想当然。3.过于细节：文中能找到的原句不会是正确答案。做此类题时先阅读选项定关键词和判断正误题一样重要，回原文定位时省时省力。（附2015长沙中考卷阅读分析）20XX年长沙中考阅读分析第 一
29、 节 阅 读 理 解 阅 读 下 列 图 表，从 每 题 所 给 的A、B、C三 个 选 项 中，选出最佳 选 项 回 答 或 完 成 句 子。A难 度：English Teachers WantedDear Sir/Madam,Our school set up in 2012 is a high school.Now there is an urgent（迫切的）need for English teachers.We have posted（发 布）our advertisement on our website.You can visit http:/ or call Alex at
30、845-6789 for more information.If you are interested,please send your resume（简历）to us,andwe will reply as soon as possible.You should:love teaching speak fluent（流利的）English be good at computer skills have good communication skills41.How can you get more information about the advertisement?A.By visiti
31、ng the website of Wenhua school.B.By calling Mike at 8456789.（张冠李戴）C.By sending your resume to the school.（答非所问）42.Which of the following is not required according to the advertisement?A.Good computer skills.B.Good communication skills.C.At least three-year teaching experience.（无中生有）B难度：Missing sinc
32、e:June 3,2015Produce:young（2 years old）,curly hair,shyLast seen:Wuyi SquarePlease contact（联系）：Sarah 839-Please do not run after the dog.It may run in fear.Lost and found items（物件）will be displayed（陈列）in the school hall.On Friday,June 15,2015During lunch 12:30-1:30Parents:If you know that your child
33、has lost something,please remind（提醒）him or her.You are also welcome to have a look.43.What is Poodle like?A.Its brave（无中生有）B.Ifs lovely（无中生有）C.Ifs shy44.From the chart（图表）above,we know that.A.Poodle was lost two years ago（偷换概念）B.we can call Sarah or email her if we find PoodleC.parents are not allow
34、ed to look at the display on June 15,2015（偷换概念）45.How long will the display last?（需要计算）A.Half an hour B.An hour C.Two hours第二节短文理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中，选出最佳选项回答问题或完成句子。（共 15小题，计 30分）A难度：China is a nation of etiquette（礼仪）.Chinese people are among the mos也ospitable people in the world.If foreigners
35、 visit a Chinese family,they wouldbe surprised at the warmth that they would receive as guests.When you visit a Chinese family,the host usually makes tea for you.Then he will serve you snacksld、吃）like biscuits or candy.Someone in the family will also chat with you,never letting you feel lonely.At th
36、e same time,other family members will prepare a meal for you.Chinese people treat（款待）their guests with a big meal.They always present more food than the guest can eat.On the table,the guests must be the first to eat.Perhaps one of the things that surprises a western guest most is that the Chinese ho
37、st likes to pick food for visitors,which wont happen at western tabies.The Chinese family go out of their way to make you feel at home.As you are done eating,the host usually says,It seems that you didnt eat much.Please have more.Although you tell them you are full,they still put more fbod in your b
38、owl.Being warm and hospitable has long been an important part of Chinese cuIture and tradition.As Confucius（孑 L子）said thousands of years ago:To meet friends from afterHow happy we are!46.What does the underline word uhospitable mean in this passage.A.好客的 B.勤劳的 C.朴实的47.As a guest in a Chinese family,
39、you are usually o f f e r e d by the host.A.coffee and snacks（无中生有）B.juice and snacks（无中生有）C.tea and snacks48.Why does a western visitor feel suiprised when the host picks food for him?A.Because he thinks its not polite.（无中生有）B.Because he thinks ifs not necessary.（无中生有）C.Because it wont happen in we
40、stern countries.49.What the Chinese family do for the guests is to.A.make them feel at home（无中生有）B.show their wealthC.make them feel uncomfortable.（偷换概念）（词义猜测）50.Whats the meaning of the words by Confucius at the end ofthe passage?A.学而时习之，不亦悦乎？B.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？C.人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？B难度：Li Ting,15,from Shangha
41、i,was preparing a talk on some western festivals.She searched online for certain information and made PowerPoint presentations（展示）.Wu Qiong,her classmate,was doing his chemistry homework carefully.But he couldnt work out the last problem even he tried his best.So he took out his mobile phone,opened
42、a special app（应用软件），and searched the problem.Answers soon appeared on the screen in several seconds.Nowadays,many students do homework online with the help of the Internet like Li and Wu.They search information online,use apps or discuss throughQQ and Wechat.Its convenient.You dont have to wait for
43、your teacher to explainit to you face to face.According to Wu.You can also learn by seeing how others work them out.Whats more,it improves students9 abilities.And its especially true for new kinds of homework.I am quite skilled at finding information online and using Microsoft Office.However,this tr
44、end（趋势）also causes problems.Some lazy students justcopy the answers online without thinking.Even some ask their classmates to do homework for them.And their teachers dont know the fact.Anyhow,knowing how to use the Internet is important.The key is to have good self-control.When you come across（遇至lj）
45、a difficult problem,think about it by yourself first.Be sure to understand the reasons behind the answersafter you have turned to the Internet,or you wont make progress.If you arenot sure about your self-control,ask your parents for help.51.Both Li Ting and Wu Qiong used the Internet toA.play games（
46、无中生有）B.search information C.take exams（无中生有）（主旨题）52.Paragraph 4 is mainly about of doing homework with the help of the Internet.A.the advantages B.the disadvantages C.the problems（无中生有）53.Which problem is NOT mentioned in Paragraph 5?A.some students only copy the answers online.B.some cheat their te
47、achers by asking their classmates to do homework for them.C.Nobody is able to finish their homework now without the Internet.（无中生有）54.is the key to using the Internet to study.A.Self-respect（无中生有）B.Self-control C.Self development（无中生有）55.In this passage the writer wants to tell us that.A.the Interne
48、t can be a good helper if we use it properly.B.the Internet has made all the students lazy.（伤心绝对）C.its not necessary to learn to use the Internet.（伤心绝对）C难度：Have you ever heard of e-waste（electric waste,电子垃圾），which can beproduced every day?How do you deal with your computers,MP4 players andmobile pho
49、nes when theyre broken or you want a new one?Most people just throw them away.With the development of electric industry,e-waste pollution has become a serious problem.According to the UnitedNations,in 2014,people around the world produced 41.8 million tons of e-waste and only recycled 6.5 million to
50、ns.The US was the biggest waster,producing 7.1 million tons.China came second,with 6 million tons.Ifs important to pay attention to e-waste.It can either be valuable or harmful（有害的），depending on how we deal with it.E-waste is a valuable urban mine（城市矿藏）.The value of the metals,like gold and silver i