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1、2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）参考答案及解析Section I Use of EnglishCaravanserais were roadside inns that were built along the Silk Roadin areas including China,North Africa and the Middle East.They weretypically _1_ outside the walls of a city or village and were usuallyfunded by governments of_2_.This word“Carava
2、nserais is a _ 3 _ of the Persian word“karvan,which means a group of travellers or a caravan,and seray,a palace orenclosed building.The Perm caravan was used to _ 4 _ groups ofpeople who travelled together across the ancient network for safetyreasons,_ 5 _ merchants,travellers or pilgrims.From the 1
3、0th century onwards,as merchant and travel routes becomemore developed,the _ 6 _ of the Caravanserais increased and theyserved as a safe place for people to rest at night.Travellers on the SilkRoad _ 7 _ possibility of being attacked by thieves or being _ 8 _ toextreme conditions.For this reason,Car
4、avanserais were strategicallyplaced _ 9 _ they could be reached in a day s travel time.Caravanserais served as an informal _ 1 0 _ point for the variouspeople who travelled the Silk Road._11_,those structures becameimportant centers for culture _ 1 2 _ and interaction,with travelerssharing their cul
5、tures,ideas and beliefs,_ 13_ talking knowledge withthem,greatly _14_ the development of several civilizations.Caravanserais were also an important marketplace for commoditiesand _ 15_ in the trade of goods along the Silk Road._ 16-it wasfrequently the first stop merchants looking to sell their ware
6、s and_17_ supplies for their own journeys.It is _18_ that around 120000to 15000 caravanserais were built along the Silk Road,_19_ onlyabout 3000 are known to remain today,many of which are in _20_.1A displayed B.occupied C.located D.equipped2A privately B.regularly C.respectively D.permanently3A def
7、inition B.transition C.substitution D.combination4A classify B.record C.describe D.connect5A apart from B.instead of C.such as D.along with6A construction B.restoration C.impression D.evaluation7A doubted B.faced C.accepted D.reduced8A assigned B.subjected C.accustomed D.opposed9A so that B.even if
8、C.now that D.in case10.A.talking B.starting C.breaking D.meeting11A by the way B.on occasion C.in comparison D.Asa result12A heritage B.revival C.exchange D.status13A with regard to B.in spite of C.as well as D.in line with14.A.completing B.influencing C.resuming D.pioneering15A aided B.invested C.f
9、ailed D.competed16.A.Rather B.Indeed C.otherwise D.However17.A.go in for B.standard up for C.lose in on D.stock up on18A.believed B.predicted C.recalled D.implied19A until B.because C.unless D.although20A ruins B.debt C.fashion D.series1 C.located 后面 outside the walls of a city or village 表示位置 只有 lo
10、cated可以后接地址，表示坐落在 地方2 Aprivately此处副词修饰前面的fu n d,带入只有privately私下资助更为合理3 D.combination 空后面接了。f the Persian word karvan”和and seray,a palace or enclosed building表示是这两个词的结合体词为 combination,4 C.describe根据上一句对与词Caravanserais的解释,这一句也是表示同义方向的内容，用来解释The Perm caravan,这里只有描述这个词可以表达词义。5 C.such as groups of people
11、是前面的大范畴的名词短语，而空后面merchants,travellers or pilgrims为小范畴的内容，所以需要表示列举关系，只有such a s 复合语义。6 A.construction 根据第一段第一句表示 Caravanserais.were built 可以螯同义句意 the construction of the Caravanserais o7 B.faced 前 一 句 艇（J safe place,后面 Travellers.possibility of being attacked,这 里 需 要-亭 司 搭 配，带入可知只有旅行者面临被袭击的可能性。8 B.su
12、bjected根据a n d 的前后语义一致原则，前面提到将面临袭击，后面也要接贬义色彩的内容，根 据 搭 配 be subjected to 表示遭受不好的东西与前面语义色彩一直。9 A.so th at前 面 提 Caravanserais被有计划的放置,后面接的是 they could be reached in a day s travel tim e.可以看出前后为因果关系，只有so th a t后接结果。10 D.meeting Caravanserais 被当作 an informal 非正式的.p o in t地 点，前面讲到人们在旅行日到达这里，所以这里只能是meeting
13、point见面的地点。11 D.As a result 前后提J Caravanserais served as an informalmeeting point（Caravanserais被当作T非正式会面的点）,空格后接those structures became important centers（这些地方被当作重要的中心），可以得出前后为因果关系，只 有 as a result,可以满足。12 C.exchange and前后词义相近,与 interaction”互动;交往词义相近的是exchange 交换交流。13 C.as well as 文中独立主格中 with travele
14、rs sharing theircultures,ideas and beliefs,（）talking knowledge with them 可以看出sharing cultures,ideas and beliefs 不诟面 talking knowledge with them为并列关系，只 有 as well a s 符合正确答案。14 B.influencing 前面sharing their cultures,ideas and beliefs,as well as talking knowledge with them,动作 the development ofseveral
15、civilizations.带入只有 influence 符等吾义。15 A.aided 前 面 舞 U Caravanserais were also an importantmarketplace for commodities 表 义的,而 and 后内容需要保持一致，只 有 aided符合语义色彩。16 B.Indeed前一）讲的是重要市场，后面句子it was frequentlythe first stop merchants looking to sell their wares 卖商品,语义T,只 有 indeed符合语义。17 D.stock up on a n d 前面讲到
16、商人卖货，后面空格又接了supplies供给只有stock u p o n 储存符合文义。18 B.predicted 后 微 I round 120000 to 15000 caravanseraiswere built,是 一 页 估 的 事 情,所以只能选择predicted.19 D.although前后语义完全相反,前后讲remain后面讲ruins,所以只能选择although.,20 A.ruins前面提到remain today与之在同义语域的只有in ruins 毁灭，消失。Section 口 Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121.In th
17、e first paragraph,the weather in Texas is mentioned toA.Forecast a policy shift in Texas schoolB.Stress the consequences of climate changeC Indicate the atmosphere at the board meetingD.Draw the public,s attention to energy shortages21 C.Indicate the atmosphere at the board meeting 解析：该题为例证题，问在第一段得克
18、萨斯州的天气被提及为了说明什么。文章开头提到得克萨斯州天气变冷最近成为了热议话题，但是州教育董事会的会议热度正高(but the temperature will be high at the StateBoard of Education meeting),因止得州是为了来反衬州教育董事会对于天气变化教育讨论的热度。故 选 Co22.what does Quinn think of Hardy?A.She exaggerates the existing panicB.She denies the value of scientific work.C.She shows no concern
19、 for pre-teens.D.She expressed self-contradictory view.22 B.She denies the value of scientific w ork.解 析：为细节题,根据题干中的Q uinn和 H ardy定位到第三段。这里提到：大多数科学家和专家强烈反对哈代的观点。Quinn说：他们随意地将学者和科学家的职业工作视为另一种被误导的观点。(They casuallydismiss the career work of scholars and scientists as just anothermisguided opinion.)o因此证
20、明Quinn认 为 Hardy否定科学研究的价值。故 选 Bo23.The study in paragraph 5 shows thatA.Climate education is insufficient at the states public schools.B.Policymakers have little drive for science education.C.Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbook.D.Environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision.
21、23 A Climate education is insufficient at the states public schools.解 析：该题为细节题。根据题干定位到第五段，里面提到由科学家和教师组成的非营利组织一一美国国家科学教育中心去年进行了一项研究，研究了全美州立公立学校在科学课上如何应对气候变化，结果给美国只有一半的州给出了 B+或更高的评分。(looking at howstate public schools across the country address climate change in scienceclasses,gave barely half of US s
22、tates a grade B+or higher)o 由止匕可矢晴另一半的州对气候变化教育的评价不高，通过打分表示不满，所以显示州立公立学校中的气候教育不足。故 选 Ao24.According to Branch,state-level science standards in the USA.Call for regular revision.B.Require urgent application.C.Have limited influence.D.Cater to local needs.24 C.Have limited influence.解 析：该题为细节题。根据题干中的Br
23、anch和 state-level science standards定位第六段。里 面 提：在一个将决策权下放给地方学校董事会的国家，制定州级科学标准只 是 一 个 有 限 的 基 准。(only one limited benchmark in acountry).limited benchmark 对应选项当中的 limited influence,由此证明州科学标准影响有限。故 选 Co25.It is implied in the last paragraph that climate change teaching insome schoolsA.Agree to major pu
24、blic demands.B.Reflects teachers personal biases.C.May misrepresent the energy sector.D.Can be swayed by external forces.25 D.Can be swayed by external forces.解 析：该题为细节题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段。最后一句话提及其中包括由自由主义智商口能源行业协会赞助的教材。(they include materials sponsoredby libertarian think-tanks and energy industry assoc
25、iations.),因 止 匕 证 明气候变化教育会受到外部力量的支配。故 选 DoText 226.Which of the following is true of New England?A.Its housing supply is at a very low level.B.Its communities are in need of funding.C its rental vacancy rate is going up slowly.D.Its home prices are under strict control.26 A Its housing supply is at
26、a very low level 解 析：该题为事实细节题，问关于新英格兰哪点是正确的，文中提到：随着房价创纪 录 的 高 和 历 史 性 的 低 库 存(with record-high home prices andhistorically low inventory)o 所以 Its housing supply is at a very low level住房供应处于非常低的水平以及historically low inventory历史性的低库存是同义替换，故 选 Ao27.The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended toA.curb
27、 short-term rental speculation.B.ensure the supply of cheap housing.C.punish illegal dealings in housing.D.allow a free short-term rental market.27 D allow a free short-term rental market 解析：该题为细节题,问 第 2 段提到的法案旨在，文中提到：法案将城镇制定限制短期租赁的立法成为非法。(a bill that wouldz ve made it illegal for towns tocreate leg
28、islation restricting short-term rentals)o 所以该法案不希望限制短期租赁，故 选 DoCompared with Castle,Taylor is more likely to supportA.further investment in local tourism.B.an increase in affordable housing.C.strict management of real estate agents.D.a favorable policy for short-term workers.【28】B an increase in aff
29、ordable housing 例斤：细节题，与 Castle相 比，Taylor更有可能支持，文中提到：没有足够的可负担 住 房，泰 勒 说：雇 主 很 难 吸 引 员 工，工 人 也 很 难 找 到 住处 (Without enough affordable housingem ployers are having ahard time attracting employees,and workers are having a hard timefinding a place to live；Taylor said)o 所以 Tay lor认为需要增力何负担住 房，故 选Bo29.What
30、 does Horn emphasize in Paragraph 5?A.The urgency to upgrade short-term rental facilities.B.The efficient operation of the local housing market.C.The necessity to stop developers from evading taxes.D.The proper procedures for renting out spare houses.29 C The necessity to stop developers from evadin
31、g taxes 解 析:该题为细节题，在 第5段 中Horn强调了什么，文中提到：霍恩说：“我认为问题是，一个开发商如果真的在建造酒店，却把它伪装成不是 酒 店，难道不应该像酒店一样受到对待、征税和监管吗？”(I thinkthe question is,shouldnt a developer whos really building a hotel,butdisguising it as not a hotel,be treated and taxed and regulated like ahotel?-Horn said.)所 以Hom认为有必要阻止开发商为了避税和避开监管而在建造酒店
32、的过程中伪装成不是酒店，故 选Co30.Horn holds that imposing registration requirements isA.an irrational decision.B.an unnecessary measure.C.an unfeasible proposal.D.an inadequate solution.30 D an inadequate solution 解 析：该题为细节题，Horn 认为强制执行登记要求是，文中提到：霍恩表示，类似的登记要求可能会让其他陷入困境的城市和城镇受益。然 而，解决这个问题的唯一途径是创造更多的住房。(Hom said s
33、imilar registration requirementscould benefit other struggling cities and towns.The only way to solvethe issue,however,is by creating more housing.)说明 Horn 认为类似的登记要求其实并不是一个合适的解决方案，故 选DoText331.The author mentions two books in paragraph to presentA.An ongoing conflictB.An intellectual conceptC.A prev
34、ailing sentimentD.A literary phenomenon31 A.An ongoing conflict解 析：该题为例证题。题干问作者提及两本书的目的是什么。例证题论据出现在开头，论点应该往后找，下一句话提到这两本书都将于下周由企鹅兰登书屋出版，该公司目前正与水石书店发生对峙，(Both of these books are published nextweek by Penguin Random House,a company currently involved in astand-off with Waterstones.),因此证明目前出版社和书店正在发生冲突。
35、故 选A。32.why did Waterstones shops retire PRH books to their relevantsections?A.To make them easily noticeableB.To comply with PRHs requirementC.To respond to PRHs business moveD.To arrange them in systematic way32 C.To respond to PRH5s business move 解 析：该题为细节题。题干问为什么Waterstones（水石书店）会 把P R H的书退到相关的专
36、柜。根据题干信息定位到第二段最后一句。这一段开头提到：这个问题（3 1题中提到的冲突）始于去年年底，当时企鹅兰登书屋（PRH）证 实，它已经向水石书店推出了“非常高的”信用额度限制。（Theproblem began late last year,when Penguin Random House confirmedthat it had introduced a credit limit with Waterstones“at a verysignificant level”.）。因此证明水石书店把书退回是为了应对PRH的信用额度限制。故 选Co33.what message does th
37、e spokesperson for Waterstones seem toconvey?A.Their customers remain loyalB.The credit limit will be removed.C.Their stock is underestimated.D.The book market is rather slack33 A.Their customers remain loyal 解 析：该题为细节题。根据题干spokesperson定位到第三段第一句。答案句在这一段倒数后两句，里面提到：“我们的商店现在重新开张了，我们希望恢复正常，我们将被允许适当地购物。当
38、然，我们的商店 常繁忙，图书销售也非常好。我 们5月份的月度图书销量超过了 2018年以来的任何一个月。（Certainly,our shops are exceptionally busy and book sales arevery strong.The sales for our May Books of the Month surpassed anymonth since 2018.”)o说明虽然水石书店收到信贷条款有所减少，但是图书销量非常好，印证了他们仍然有忠实的顾客。故 选Ao34.what can be one consequence of the current disput
39、e?A.Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off considerably.B.Lesser-known PRH writers become the target of criticismC.Waterstones staff hesitate to promote big-name authors books.D.Waterstones branches suffer a severe reduction in revenue.34 A.Sales of books by mid-list PRH writers fall off co
40、nsiderably.解 析：该题为细节题。根据题干当中的dispute定位到第四段。第二句提到知名PRH作者可能会受到一些影响，但那些通常依赖水石书店员工热情推广不太知名作家作品的中游作家，将会祈祷这场纠纷结束。(ifs those mid-list authors,who normally rely on Waterstonesstaff s passion for promoting books by lesser-known writers,who willbe praying for an end to the dispute.)o因此能印证居中作家的书籍销量大幅下滑，处于不利地位。
41、故 选Ao35.Which of the following statements best represents Lownies view?A.Small publishers ought to stick together.B.Big publishers will lose their dominance.C.The publishing industry is having a hard time.D.The merger of publishers is a worrying trend.35 D.The merger of publishers is a worrying tre
42、n d.解 析：该题为细节题。根据题干当中的Lownie定位到倒数第二段。答案句在最后一段：我们将看到，这种多元化仁merger)是否是当前出版商需要足够大的规模来接纳所有来客的牺牲品。作者在担忧是否这种多元化会成为牺牲品(We shall see whether that plurality is a casualty of thecurrent need among publishers to be big enough to take on all-comers.),因此证明出版商的多元化是一个令人担忧的趋势。故 选DoText 436.According Paragraph 1,the
43、 careers of scientists can be determinedbyA.how many citations their works contain.B.how many times their papers are cited.C.the prestige of the people they work with.D.the status they have in scientific circles.36 B how many times their papers are cited 解 析：该题为细节题，问科学家的职业生涯由什么决定，第一段末句提到：科学家的职业生涯及其机
44、构的声誉取决于他们所发表论文的数量和声誉，但更重要的是，这些论文所吸引到的引用。(but even more so on thecitations attracted by these papers)所以职业家的生涯最关键的因素是他们论文被引用的次数。37.The support service consultancies tend toA.recommend journals to their clients.B.list citation patterns for their clients.C.ask authors to include extra citations.D.advise
45、 contributors to cite each other.37 C ask authors to include extra citations 解 析：该题为细节题，问支持服务的咨询公司往往会，文中提到：提供支持服务的咨询公司有时会建议撰稿人在他们的文章和同事的文章中添加一些引文。(support service consultancies.sometimes advise contributors to add anumber of citations to their articles and the articles of colleagues)oinclude extra c
46、itations 是 add a number of citations 的同义替换,故选 Co38.The function of the“milk cow,5 journals is toA.boost citation counts for certain authors.B.help scholars publish articles at low cost.C.instruct first-time contributors in citation.D.increase the readership of new journals.38 A boost citation counts
47、 for certain authors 解 析：该题为细节题，问“奶牛”期刊的作用是什么，文中提到：这些期刊可以像奶牛一样，每期的每篇文章都可以引用一篇特定的论文或一系列论文。(These journals can act as milk cows where every single article in anissue may cite a specific paper or a series of papers)o 每期的每篇文章都可以引用特定或者一系列论文，也就是为某些作者增加引用次数，故 选Ao39.What can be learned about Scopus from the
48、 last two paragraphs?A.It fosters competition among citation providers.B.It has the capability to identify suspicious citations.C lt hinders the growth of international journals.D.It is established to prevent citation manipulation.39 B It has the capability to identify suspicious citations 解析:该题为推理细
49、节题，问从最后两段中可以得知Scopus,文中提到：Scopus本身拥有检测这种弊端所需的所有数据。（Scopus itself has allthe data necessary to detect this malpractice）o 1文里 B 项 identifysuspicious citations（发现可疑的引用）和原文 detect this malpractice（发现这种不当行为）是同义替换，故 选Bo40.What should an author do to deal with citation manipulators?A.Take legal action.B.De
50、mand an apology.C.Seek professional advice.D.Reveal their misconduct40 D Reveal their misconduct解析：该题为细节题，问作者应该如何处理引文操纵者，文中提到：当编辑、审稿人或支持服务机构要求你添加不适当的参考文献时，不要强迫自己，并将请求报告（when an editor,a reviewer,or a support service asks you to addinappropriate references,do not oblige and do report the request to t