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1、2023年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）参考答案及解析SectionUseofEnglishCaravanseraiswereroadsideinnsthatwerebuiltalongtheSilkRoadinareasincludingChina,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEast.Theyweretypically_1_outsidethewallsofacityorvillageandwereusuallyfundedbygovernmentsof_2_.Thisword“Caravanserais”isa_3_ofthePersianword“karvan”,w
2、hichmeansagroupoftravellersoracaravan,andseray,apalaceorenclosedbuilding.ThePermcaravanwasusedto_4_groupsofpeoplewhotravelledtogetheracrosstheancientnetworkforsafetyreasons,_5_merchants,travellersorpilgrims.Fromthe10thcenturyonwards,asmerchantandtravelroutesbecomemoredeveloped,the_6_oftheCaravansera
3、isincreasedandtheyservedasasafeplaceforpeopletorestatnight.TravellersontheSilkRoad_7_possibilityofbeingattackedbythievesorbeing_8_toextremeconditions.Forthisreason,Caravanseraiswerestrategicallyplaced_9_theycouldbereachedinadaystraveltime.Caravanseraisservedasaninformal_10_pointforthevariouspeoplewh
4、otravelledtheSilkRoad._11_,thosestructuresbecameimportantcentersforculture_12_andinteraction,withtravelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,_13_talkingknowledgewiththem,greatly_14_thedevelopmentofseveralcivilizations.Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommoditiesand_15_inthetradeofgood
5、salongtheSilkRoad._16_,itwasfrequentlythefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheirwaresand_17_suppliesfortheirownjourneys.Itis_18_thataround120000to15000caravanseraiswerebuiltalongtheSilkRoad,_19_onlyabout3000areknowntoremaintoday,manyofwhicharein_20_.1 .A.displayedB.occupiedC.locatedD.equipped2 .A.priva
6、telyB.regularlyC.respectivelyD.permanently3 .A.definitionB.transitionC.substitutionD.combination4 .A.classifyB.recordC.describeD.connect5 .A.apartfromB.insteadofC.suchasD.alongwith6 .A.constructionB.restorationC.impressionD.evaluation7 .A.doubtedB.facedC.acceptedD.reduced8 .A.assignedB.subjectedC.ac
7、customedD.opposed9 .A.sothatB.evenifC.nowthatD.incase10 .A.talkingB.startingC.breakingD.meeting11 .A.bythewayB.onoccasionC.incomparisonD.Asaresult12 .A.heritageB.revivalC.exchangeD.status13 .A.withregardtoB.inspiteofC.aswellasD.inlinewith14 .A.completingB.influencingC.resumingD.pioneering15 .A.aided
8、B.investedC.failedD.competed16 .A.RatherB.IndeedC.otherwiseD.However17 .A.goinforB.standardupforC.loseinonD.stockupon18 .A.believedB.predictedC.recalledD.implied19 .A.untilB.becauseC.unlessD.although20 .A.ruinsB.debtC.fashionD.series1. 】C.located后面outsidethewallsofacityorvillage表示位置只有located可以后接地址，表
9、示坐落在地方2. 】Aprivately此处副词修饰前面的fund,带入只有privately私下资助更为合理3. 】D.combination空后面接了ofthePersianword“karvan”和andseray,apalaceorenclosedbuilding表示是这两个词的结合体词为combination，4. 】C.describe根据上一句对与词Caravanserais的解释，这一句也是表示同义方向的内容，用来解释ThePermcaravan，这里只有描述这个词可以表达词义。5. 】C.suchasgroupsofpeople是前面的大范畴的名词短语，而空后面merchan
10、ts,travellersorpilgrims为小范畴的内容，所以需要表示列举关系，只有suchas复合语义。6. 】A.construction根据第一段第一句表示Caravanseraiswerebuilt可以看到同义句意theconstructionoftheCaravanserais。7. 】B.faced前一句讲到safeplace，后面Travellerspossibilityofbeingattacked，这里需要一个动词搭配，带入可知只有旅行者面临被袭击的可能性。8. 】B.subjected根据and的前后语义一致原则，前面提到将面临袭击，后面也要接贬义色彩的内容，根据搭配b
11、esubjectedto表示遭受不好的东西与前面语义色彩一直。9. 】A.sothat前面提到Caravanserais被有计划的放置，后面接的是theycouldbereachedinadaystraveltime.可以看出前后为因果关系，只有sothat后接结果。10. 】D.meetingCaravanserais被当作aninformal非正式的point地点，前面讲到人们在旅行日到达这里，所以这里只能是meetingpoint见面的地点。11. 】D.Asaresult前后提到Caravanseraisservedasaninformalmeetingpoint（Caravanser
12、ais被当作一个非正式会面的点），空格后接thosestructuresbecameimportantcenters（这些地方被当作重要的中心），可以得出前后为因果关系，只有asaresult,可以满足。12. 】C.exchangeand前后词义相近，与interaction”互动;交往”词义相近的是exchange“交换;交流”。13. 】C.aswellas文中独立主格中withtravelerssharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,（）talkingknowledgewiththem可以看出sharingcultures，ideasandbelief
13、s和后面talkingknowledgewiththem为并列关系，只有aswellas符合正确答案。14. 】B.influencing前面提到sharingtheircultures,ideasandbeliefs,aswellastalkingknowledgewiththem，动作thedevelopmentofseveralcivilizations.带入只有influence符合语义。15. 】A.aided前面讲到Caravanseraiswerealsoanimportantmarketplaceforcommodities表示一个褒义的色彩，而and后内容需要保持一致，只有a
14、ided符合语义色彩。16. 】B.Indeed前一句讲的是重要市场，后面句子itwasfrequentlythefirststopmerchantslookingtoselltheirwares也表示售卖商品，语义一致，只有indeed符合语义。17. 】D.stockuponand前面讲到商人卖货，后面空格又接了supplies供给只有stockupon储存符合文义。18. 】B.predicted空格后提到round120000to15000caravanseraiswerebuilt，是一个预估的事情，所以只能选择predicted.19. 】D.although前后语义完全相反，前后
15、讲remain后面讲ruins，所以只能选择although。20. 】A.ruins前面提到remaintoday与之在同义语域的只有inruins“毁灭，消失”。SectionReadingComprehensionPartAText121. Inthefirstparagraph,theweatherinTexasismentionedtoA. ForecastapolicyshiftinTexasschoolB. StresstheconsequencesofclimatechangeC. IndicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeetingD. Drawthe
16、publicsattentiontoenergyshortages【21】C.Indicatetheatmosphereattheboardmeeting解析：该题为例证题，问在第一段得克萨斯州的天气被提及为了说明什么。文章开头提到得克萨斯州天气变冷最近成为了热议话题，但是州教育董事会的会议热度正高(butthetemperaturewillbehighattheStateBoardofEducationmeeting)，因此这里提到得克萨斯州天气是为了来反衬州教育董事会对于天气变化教育讨论的热度。故选C。22. whatdoesQuinnthinkofHardy?A. Sheexaggera
17、testheexistingpanic.B. Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.C. Sheshowsnoconcernforpre-teens.D. Sheexpressedself-contradictoryview.【22】B.Shedeniesthevalueofscientificwork.解析：该题为细节题，根据题干中的Quinn和Hardy定位到第三段。这里提到：大多数科学家和专家强烈反对哈代的观点。Quinn说：“他们随意地将学者和科学家的职业工作视为另一种被误导的观点。”(Theycasuallydismissthecareerworkofs
18、cholarsandscientistsasjustanothermisguidedopinion.)。因此证明Quinn认为Hardy否定科学研究的价值。故选B。23. Thestudyinparagraph5showsthatA. Climateeducationisinsufficientatthestatespublicschools.B. Policymakershavelittledriveforscienceeducation.C. Texasisreluctanttorewriteitssciencetextbook.D. Environmentalteachinginsome
19、stateslackssupervision.【23】A.Climateeducationisinsufficientatthestatespublicschools.解析：该题为细节题。根据题干定位到第五段，里面提到由科学家和教师组成的非营利组织美国国家科学教育中心去年进行了一项研究，研究了全美州立公立学校在科学课上如何应对气候变化，结果给美国只有一半的州给出了B+或更高的评分。(lookingathowstatepublicschoolsacrossthecountryaddressclimatechangeinscienceclasses,gavebarelyhalfofUSstates
20、agradeB+orhigher)。由此可知有另一半的州对气候变化教育的评价不高，通过打分表示不满，所以显示州立公立学校中的气候教育不足。故选A。24. AccordingtoBranch,state-levelsciencestandardsintheUSA. Callforregularrevision.B. Requireurgentapplication.C. Havelimitedinfluence.D. Catertolocalneeds.【24】C.Havelimitedinfluence.解析：该题为细节题。根据题干中的Branch和state-levelsciencestan
21、dards定位到第六段。里面提到：在一个将决策权下放给地方学校董事会的国家，制定州级科学标准只是一个有限的基准。(onlyonelimitedbenchmarkinacountry).limitedbenchmark对应选项当中的limitedinfluence，由此证明州科学标准影响有限。故选C。25. ItisimpliedinthelastparagraphthatclimatechangeteachinginsomeschoolsA. Agreetomajorpublicdemands.B. Reflectsteacherspersonalbiases.C. Maymisreprese
22、nttheenergysector.D. Canbeswayedbyexternalforces.【25】D.Canbeswayedbyexternalforces.解析：该题为细节题。根据题干信息定位到最后一段。最后一句话提及其中包括由自由主义智库和能源行业协会赞助的教材。(theyincludematerialssponsoredbylibertarianthink-tanksandenergyindustryassociations.)，因此证明气候变化教育会受到外部力量的支配。故选D。Text226. WhichofthefollowingistrueofNewEngland?A. I
23、tshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel.B. Itscommunitiesareinneedoffunding.C. Itsrentalvacancyrateisgoingupslowly.D. Itshomepricesareunderstrictcontrol.【26】AItshousingsupplyisataverylowlevel解析：该题为事实细节题，问关于新英格兰哪点是正确的，文中提到：随着房价创纪录的高和历史性的低库存(withrecord-highhomepricesandhistoricallylowinventory)。所以Itshousings
24、upplyisataverylowlevel住房供应处于非常低的水平以及historicallylowinventory历史性的低库存是同义替换，故选A。27. ThebillmentionedinParagraph2wasintendedtoA. curbshort-termrentalspeculation.B. ensurethesupplyofcheaphousing.C. punishillegaldealingsinhousing.D. allowafreeshort-termrentalmarket.【27】Dallowafreeshort-termrentalmarket解析：
25、该题为细节题，问第2段提到的法案旨在，文中提到：法案将城镇制定限制短期租赁的立法成为非法。(abillthatwouldvemadeitillegalfortownstocreatelegislationrestrictingshort-termrentals)。所以该法案不希望限制短期租赁，故选D。ComparedwithCastle,TaylorismorelikelytosupportA. furtherinvestmentinlocaltourism.B. anincreaseinaffordablehousing.C. strictmanagementofrealestateagen
26、ts.D. afavorablepolicyforshort-termworkers.【28】Banincreaseinaffordablehousing解析：该题为细节题，与Castle相比，Taylor更有可能支持，文中提到：没有足够的可负担住房，泰勒说：“雇主很难吸引员工，工人也很难找到住处。”(Withoutenoughaffordablehousing.,“employersarehavingahardtimeattractingemployees,andworkersarehavingahardtimefindingaplacetolive,Taylorsaid)。所以Taylor
27、认为需要增加可负担住房，故选B。29. WhatdoesHornemphasizeinParagraph5?A. Theurgencytoupgradeshort-termrentalfacilities.B. Theefficientoperationofthelocalhousingmarket.C. Thenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes.D. Theproperproceduresforrentingoutsparehouses.【29】CThenecessitytostopdevelopersfromevadingtaxes解析：该题
28、为细节题，在第5段中Horn强调了什么，文中提到：霍恩说：“我认为问题是，一个开发商如果真的在建造酒店，却把它伪装成不是酒店，难道不应该像酒店一样受到对待、征税和监管吗？”(“Ithinkthequestionis,shouldntadeveloperwhosreallybuildingahotel,butdisguisingitasnotahotel,betreatedandtaxedandregulatedlikeahotel?Hornsaid.)所以Horn认为有必要阻止开发商为了避税和避开监管而在建造酒店的过程中伪装成不是酒店，故选C。30. Hornholdsthatimposing
29、registrationrequirementsisA.anirrationaldecision.B. anunnecessarymeasure.C. anunfeasibleproposal.D. aninadequatesolution.【30】Daninadequatesolution解析：该题为细节题，Horn认为强制执行登记要求是，文中提到：霍恩表示，类似的登记要求可能会让其他陷入困境的城市和城镇受益。然而，解决这个问题的唯一途径是创造更多的住房。(Hornsaidsimilarregistrationrequirementscouldbenefitotherstrugglingci
30、tiesandtowns.Theonlywaytosolvetheissue,however,isbycreatingmorehousing.)说明Horn认为类似的登记要求其实并不是一个合适的解决方案，故选D。Text331. TheauthormentionstwobooksinparagraphtopresentA. AnongoingconflictB. AnintellectualconceptC. AprevailingsentimentD. Aliteraryphenomenon【31】A.Anongoingconflict解析：该题为例证题。题干问作者提及两本书的目的是什么。例
31、证题论据出现在开头，论点应该往后找，下一句话提到这两本书都将于下周由企鹅兰登书屋出版，该公司目前正与水石书店发生对峙，(BothofthesebooksarepublishednextweekbyPenguinRandomHouse,acompanycurrentlyinvolvedinastand-offwithWaterstones.)，因此证明目前出版社和书店正在发生冲突。故选A。32. whydidWaterstonesshopsretirePRHbookstotheirrelevantsections?A. TomakethemeasilynoticeableB. Tocomplyw
32、ithPRHsrequirementC. TorespondtoPRHsbusinessmoveD. Toarrangetheminsystematicway【32】C.TorespondtoPRHsbusinessmove解析：该题为细节题。题干问为什么Waterstones(水石书店)会把PRH的书退到相关的专柜。根据题干信息定位到第二段最后一句。这一段开头提到：这个问题(31题中提到的冲突)始于去年年底，当时企鹅兰登书屋(PRH)证实，它已经向水石书店推出了“非常高的”信用额度限制。(Theproblembeganlatelastyear,whenPenguinRandomHouseco
33、nfirmedthatithadintroducedacreditlimitwithWaterstones“ataverysignificantlevel”.)。因此证明水石书店把书退回是为了应对PRH的信用额度限制。故选C。33. whatmessagedoesthespokespersonforWaterstonesseemtoconvey?A. TheircustomersremainloyalB. Thecreditlimitwillberemoved.C. Theirstockisunderestimated.D. Thebookmarketisratherslack【33】A.Th
34、eircustomersremainloyal解析：该题为细节题。根据题干spokesperson定位到第三段第一句。答案句在这一段倒数后两句，里面提到：“我们的商店现在重新开张了，我们希望恢复正常，我们将被允许适当地购物。当然，我们的商店非常繁忙，图书销售也非常好。我们5月份的月度图书销量超过了2018年以来的任何一个月。(Certainly,ourshopsareexceptionallybusyandbooksalesareverystrong.ThesalesforourMayBooksoftheMonthsurpassedanymonthsince2018.”)。说明虽然水石书店收到
35、信贷条款有所减少，但是图书销量非常好，印证了他们仍然有忠实的顾客。故选A。34. whatcanbeoneconsequenceofthecurrentdispute?A. Salesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably.B. Lesser-knownPRHwritersbecomethetargetofcriticismC. Waterstonesstaffhesitatetopromotebig-nameauthorsbooks.D. Waterstonesbranchessufferaseverereductioninrevenue
36、.【34】A.Salesofbooksbymid-listPRHwritersfalloffconsiderably.解析：该题为细节题。根据题干当中的dispute定位到第四段。第二句提到知名PRH作者可能会受到一些影响，但那些通常依赖水石书店员工热情推广不太知名作家作品的中游作家，将会祈祷这场纠纷结束。(itsthosemid-listauthors,whonormallyrelyonWaterstonesstaffspassionforpromotingbooksbylesser-knownwriters,whowillbeprayingforanendtothedispute.)。因此
37、能印证居中作家的书籍销量大幅下滑，处于不利地位。故选A。35. WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestrepresentsLowniesview?A. Smallpublishersoughttosticktogether.B. Bigpublisherswilllosetheirdominance.C. Thepublishingindustryishavingahardtime.D. Themergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend.【35】D.Themergerofpublishersisaworryingtrend.解析：该题为细节
38、题。根据题干当中的Lownie定位到倒数第二段。答案句在最后一段：我们将看到，这种多元化(=merger)是否是当前出版商需要足够大的规模来接纳所有来客的牺牲品。作者在担忧是否这种多元化会成为牺牲品(Weshallseewhetherthatpluralityisacasualtyofthecurrentneedamongpublisherstobebigenoughtotakeonall-comers.)，因此证明出版商的多元化是一个令人担忧的趋势。故选D。Text436. AccordingParagraph1,thecareersofscientistscanbedeterminedby
39、A. howmanycitationstheirworkscontain.B. howmanytimestheirpapersarecited.C. theprestigeofthepeopletheyworkwith.D. thestatustheyhaveinscientificcircles.【36】Bhowmanytimestheirpapersarecited解析：该题为细节题，问科学家的职业生涯由什么决定，第一段末句提到：科学家的职业生涯及其机构的声誉取决于他们所发表论文的数量和声誉，但更重要的是，这些论文所吸引到的引用。(butevenmoresoonthecitationsat
40、tractedbythesepapers)所以职业家的生涯最关键的因素是他们论文被引用的次数。37. ThesupportserviceconsultanciestendtoA. recommendjournalstotheirclients.B. listcitationpatternsfortheirclients.C.askauthorstoincludeextracitations.D.advisecontributorstociteeachother.【37】Caskauthorstoincludeextracitations解析：该题为细节题，问支持服务的咨询公司往往会，文中提到：
41、提供支持服务的咨询公司有时会建议撰稿人在他们的文章和同事的文章中添加一些引文。(supportserviceconsultancies.sometimesadvisecontributorstoaddanumberofcitationstotheirarticlesandthearticlesofcolleagues)。includeextracitations是addanumberofcitations的同义替换，故选C。38. Thefunctionofthe“milkcow”journalsistoA. boostcitationcountsforcertainauthors.B. he
42、lpscholarspublisharticlesatlowcost.C. instructfirst-timecontributorsincitation.D. increasethereadershipofnewjournals.【38】Aboostcitationcountsforcertainauthors解析：该题为细节题，问“奶牛”期刊的作用是什么，文中提到：这些期刊可以像奶牛一样，每期的每篇文章都可以引用一篇特定的论文或一系列论文。(Thesejournalscanactasmilkcowswhereeverysinglearticleinanissuemayciteaspeci
43、ficpaperoraseriesofpapers)。每期的每篇文章都可以引用特定或者一系列论文，也就是为某些作者增加引用次数，故选A。39. WhatcanbelearnedaboutScopusfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A. Itfosterscompetitionamongcitationproviders.B. Ithasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitations.C. Ithindersthegrowthof“international”journals.D. Itisestablishedtopreventcitat
44、ionmanipulation.【39】BIthasthecapabilitytoidentifysuspiciouscitations解析：该题为推理细节题，问从最后两段中可以得知Scopus，文中提到：Scopus本身拥有检测这种弊端所需的所有数据。（Scopusitselfhasallthedatanecessarytodetectthismalpractice）。这里B项identifysuspiciouscitations（发现可疑的引用）和原文detectthismalpractice（发现这种不当行为）是同义替换，故选B。40. Whatshouldanauthordotodea
45、lwithcitationmanipulators?A. Takelegalaction.B. Demandanapology.C. Seekprofessionaladvice.D. Revealtheirmisconduct.【40】DRevealtheirmisconduct解析：该题为细节题，问作者应该如何处理引文操纵者，文中提到：当编辑、审稿人或支持服务机构要求你添加不适当的参考文献时，不要强迫自己，并将请求报告给期刊。（whenaneditor,areviewer,orasupportserviceasksyoutoaddinappropriatereferences,donoto
46、bligeanddoreporttherequesttothejournal）。这里D项revealtheirmisconduct（揭露他们的不当行为）和原文doreporttherequesttothejournal（将请求报告给期刊）是同义替换，故选D。PartBA Thisyearmarksthe150thanniversaryofaseriesofYellowstonephotographsbytherenownedlandscapephotographerWilliamHenryJackson.Hecapturedthefirst-evershotsoficoniclandmarks
47、suchastheTetons,OldFaithfulandtheColoradoRockies.Jacksonsnappedthemonalate19th-centuryexpeditionthroughtheYellowstoneBasinthatwasconductedbytheheadoftheU.S.GeologicalandGeographicalSurveyoftheTerritories,FerdinandV.Hayden.Theteamincludedameteorologist,azoologist,amineralogist,andanagriculturalstatis
48、tician.B Twocenturiesago,theideaofpreservingnature,ratherthanexploitingit,wasanovelonetomanyU.S.settlers.OneoftheturningpointsinpublicsupportforlandconservationeffortsandrecognizingthemagnificenceoftheYellowstoneregioninparticularcameintheformofvividphotographs.C AsaneffectiveWashingtonoperator,Haydensensedthathecouldcapitalizeontheexpeditionsstunningvisuals.HeaskedJacksontoprintoutlargecopiesanddistributedthem,alongwithreproductionsofM