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1、专题二阅读七选五浙江新高考3年命题探究 把 脉 考 情 明考向.知规律项目年份体裁长度主题范围挖空特点段首段中段尾2018年 6 月说明文227/99人与社会,如何融入新社区2212017年 11月说明文273/52人与自我如何做到高效阅读1312017年 6 月说明文254/74人与社会如何成功地做好街头采访1222016年 10月说明文237/71人与自我如何让青春过得精彩、成功1221 .文体特点通常为指导性说明文。这种文章结构严谨、脉络清晰、层次分明、逻辑性强，易于考生理解。2.长度特点阅读材料一般是一篇长度为300词左右的短文，其中正文为240词左右，备选项为 6 0 词左右；七个选
2、项都与短文相关，选项多为完整的句子，句型不一，长短不同，七个备选项通常由短到长排列。3.选材特点语言材料围绕人与自我、人与社会、人与自然三大主题，题材大多贴近考生生活,内容与时俱进，主要涉及生活与学习、做人与做事、良好的人际关系与社会交往、公益事业与志愿服务、包容与合作等内容。充分践行社会主义核心价值观的教育。4.设题特点依据挖空位置，可将 5 个题目分为段首题、段中题和段尾题；依据句子在文中的作用，可 分 为“主旨概括句（涉及段落整体内容）”，“过渡句（反映文章结构）”和“细节注释句（反映上下文的逻辑关系）”三个类型。,破解高考 学方法.习技巧 真 题 体 验 A（2018 年 6 月才斤江
3、高考）Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is anexciting experience.Of course,you want to make sure that you become an acceptedand valuable part of your new neighborhood.The easiest way to accomplish this is tomake sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should.31Perhaps one of the most im
4、portant things you can do as a good neighbor is tokeep your property（房产）neat,clean,and in good repair.32.By choosing tokeep the outside of the home in great shape,you will help to improve the look andfeel of the area.Second,take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously.When goingfor a wa
5、lk,take along a small garbage bag.33 This small act will let yourneighbors know that you care about the area.34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town,offer to collect mail andnewspapers.If a neighbor suffers an illness,offer to do the grocery shopping.Let themknow that you are there to help in an
6、y way that is acceptable,while still respecting theprivacy of your neighbor.35 By following the basic rules of respecting others,taking care of whatbelongs to you,and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general,you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.A.In
7、general,keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B.A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.D.Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.E.Should you come across waste paper
8、thrown out of a passing car,pick it up.F.People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.G.Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.【语篇解读】本文给搬入新社区的人提供了一些建议，帮助他们成为好邻居，被新社区的人接受和认可。31.G 根据第一段可知，作者谈到人们搬到新社区，都希望被邻居们接受。那么，就需要注意自己的行为举止
9、，成为别人眼里的好邻居。而下面几段就这一点提出了一些建议，所以此处需要一个概括下文的句子，故 选G。32.F 本段给出的建议是，作为好邻居，要保持自己的房子干净、整洁。选项F的内容说明了这样做的原因，是对第一句话的进一步解释和补充。33.E 根据该空前的 When going for a walk,take along a small garbage bag.可知,下一句会解释带一个垃圾袋做什么。该空后的This small act是关键词。34.B 该空是本段的主题句。该空后列举了两件助人的小事：“帮助出城的邻居取邮件和报纸，帮助生病的邻居采购食品杂货”，和 选 项B中 的help out
10、insmall ways 对应。35.C 该空后面列举了一些行为：“尊重别人、照料好自己的财物、以社区的外观为荣”，与选项C中的considerate behavior对应。B（2017年11月浙江高考）How to Remember What You ReadReading is important.But the next step is making sure that you remember whatyouve read!31 You may have just read the text,but the ideas,concepts andimages（形象）may fly rig
11、ht out of your head.Here are a few tricks for rememberingwhat you read.32If the plot,characters,or word usage is confusing for you,likely wont be ableto remember what you read.Its a bit like reading a foreign language.If you dontunderstand what youre reading,how would you remember it?But there are a
12、 fewthings you can do.Use a dictionary；look up the difficult words.Are you connected?Does a character remind you of a friend?Does the setting make you want to visitthe place?Does the book inspire you,and make you want to read more?With somebooks,you may feel a connection right away.33 How willing ar
13、e you to make theconnections happen?Read it；hear it；be it!Read the lines.Then,speak them out loud.And,put some characters into thewords.When he was writing his novels,Charles Dickens would act out the parts of thecharacters.HeM make faces in the mirror,and change his voice for eachcharacter,34 How o
14、ften do you read?If you read frequently,youll likely have an easier time with remembering whatyoure reading(and what youve read).35 As you make reading a regular part ofyour life,youll make more connections,stay more focused and understand the textbetter.You9!learn to enjoy literatureas you remember
15、 what you read!A.Are you confused?B.Practice makes perfect.C.Whats your motivation?D.Memory is sometimes a tricky thing.E.Marking helps you remember what you read.F.But other books require a bit more work on your part.G.You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了几种帮助读者记忆阅读内
16、容的方法，比如涉及扫清生词障碍、将所读到的内容与已有知识联系起来、把自己置身于情节之中和经常性阅读等。31.D 根据后面的“你可能刚刚读过某篇文章，但对文章所传达的思想、概念以及形象一片茫然”可知，“记忆阅读内容有时很让人棘手”符合语境。故选D。32.A 本段主要说明的是记住所读内容的前提是读懂，这就需要首先通过查字典等办法扫清生词障碍。根据本段中的confusing及dont understand等词可判断出答案为Ao 33.F 根据前 面 的“有些书的内容会让你立即产生这种联想”可知，“但其他书则更多地需要你自己努力了”与上下文连接顺畅。另外other books也与前面的some boo
17、ks相对应。故选F。34.G 本段要求读者要全身心投入到所读内容中去，同时又以狄更斯为例说明这种方法的可行性，因此读者也可以使用这种方法记住所读内容。故选G。35.B 根据How often do you read?和read frequently可知，此处也要与经常阅读相关，“熟能生巧”符合语境。故选B。技 法 在 线 一,主 旨 句 F 常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现:T 承切下句打麻 瓜 质 喙 遥 旃 工 曲 诲 曲 加 j养 还 谑*:总 结 旬 加 罕 还 日 还 而 云:年 否 有 射 访 榜 而 而 晨 ；标 旧 金 旬 F m 豆 加 欣 赢 薪 工 即 ii屏 加 加 湎
18、 施 女:弄清作用答案明段首段尾易判定-r并列或二空格前后两句话之间有firsLsecondjhird等词.；递进关系：或also,further.similariy 等词；L转 折 或：空格前后两41J之间有however,nevertheless,正步关素still,though等同Ji-u w Y-?L!空格前后两句之间有as a result,thus,so/such.：1因果关系廿 thal等词:一余选项再判断解释例证关系3 步 做“阅读七选五”第一步：先做段首、段尾题.缩小排查范围因段首、段尾题要么是主题句（总结旬），要么就是承上启下句,具有鲜明的语言特征,题目简单，较易判定.做题
19、时,先将这类题目的选项定位，既可缩小思考范围.又可使原文信息更加明了第二步：剩余选项细排查,利用句间关系来判定随着将段首、段尾题判定复位后.原文信息会更加明了,再次通读原文,理清剩余段中题的句间关系，将剩余选项对应复位第三步：代入选项通读原文,句通意畅来验证将所选答案代入文中，重点检查逻辑关系.看有无不合行文逻辑的现象前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子:段中题原题呈现（2017年 6 月浙江高考）How to Do Man-onthe-Street InterviewsThe manon-thestreet interview is an interview in which a repo
20、rter hits thestreets with a cameraman to interview people on the spot.31 But with these tips,your first man-onthe-street interview experience can be easy.When your boss or professor sends you out to do man on the streetinterviews for a story,think about the topic and develop a list of about ten gene
21、ralquestions relating to it.For example,if your topic is about environmental problems inAmerica,you might ask,“Why do you think environmental protection is importantin America?32 Hit the streets with confidence.33 Say,“Excuse me,I work for XYZ News,and I was wondering if you could share your opinion
22、 about this topic.This is a quickway to get people to warm up to you.Move on to the next person if someone tells you she is not interested in talkingon camera.Dont get discouraged.34 Each interview that you get on the street shouldnt be longer than tenminutes.As soon as you get the answer you need,m
23、ove on to the next person.Makesure that as you go from interview to interview,you are getting a variety of answers.Ifeveryone is giving you the same answer,you wont be able to use it.A safe number ofinterviews to conduct is about six to ten.35 If your news station or school requires interviewees to
24、sign release forms toappear on the air,dont leave work without them.A.Limit your time.B.As you approach people,be polite.C.If you dont own a camera,you can buy one.D.For new reporters,this can seem like a challenging task.E.To get good and useful results,ask them the same question.F.That number of i
25、nterviews should give you all the answers you need.G.With a question like this,you will get more than a Yes or No reply.,答题流程-第 一 步 速 读 全 文，明确大意快速浏览全文，忽略挖空，只求弄清文章大意，确定文章体裁，抓住文章结构。本文是一篇说明文。从五个方面详细介绍了如何成功地做好街头采访。第 二 步 阅 读 选 项，标记线索快速浏览各个选项并圈定各个选项中的线索词。不同位置的句子有不同的特征，如选项短小精悍，又为名词性短语或祈使句，这通常是主旨概括句的特点，拟放在句
26、首。第 三 步 详 读 段 落，定位选项31.此句为段中句。该段用来引入本文的话题，根据下文中的“But with these tips”和“can be easy”可知，街头的采访对于新记者来说似乎是富有挑战性的工作，但有了以下建议，就能得心应手了，故选_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ o32.此句为段尾句。根据空格前的“Why do you think”可知，提问时不要使用可以让对方给出“Yes”或“No”简短回答的问题，而应该提问能让被采访者多说一些内容的问题，故选_ _ _ _ _ _ _o33.此句为段中句。根据空格前的“confidence”和下文中的“Excuse me和I was
27、wondering”可知，到街头进行采访时要自信，同时也要有礼貌，故选_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _。34.止匕句为段首句。根据空格后的shouldnt be longer than ten minutes.move onto the next person”可知，要控制你的采访时间，故选_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _。35.此句为段尾句。根据空格前的A safe number of interviews to conduct is aboutsix to ten.”可知，采访的次数不要过多，以约6 至 10次为宜，同时这些采访应当给出所有你需要的答案，故选_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0
28、第四步：代入选项，整体验证将答案代入文中，通读全文，重点检查逻辑关系，看有无不合行文逻辑的现象。自我验证31.D 32.G 33.B 34.A 35.F 技巧点拨通规律.知捷径技法一利用篇章和逻辑关系解题1.段首题空格设在段首，通常为段落主题句或小标题。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出主题句或小标题。若不是主题句或小标题，则考虑是承上启下句（冷考点）。示例（2017年 11月浙江高考节选）32If the plot,characters,or word usage is confusing for you,likely wont be ableto remember what y
29、ou read.Its a bit like reading a foreign language.If you dontunderstand what youre reading,how would you remember it?But there are a fewthings you can do.Use a dictionary；look up the difficult words.A.Are you confused?B.Practice makes perfect.解题关键根据篇章结构可知，此处考查的是段落小标题。通读全段内容可知，本段主要说明的是如果所读内容让你迷惑不解，这就
30、需要首先通过查字典等办法扫清生词障碍，以便能够读懂并记住所读内容。尝试解答 根据段落大意，特别是文中第一句的关键信息词confusing”可判断出答案为A。|名师点津|解答此类试题时要着重阅读文中第一、二句，锁定关键信息词，然后在选项中查找相关对应词。一般来说正确答案与它后面的句子在意思上是衔接的，所以通常情况下，这两句话中会有某种衔接手段。2.段尾题空格设在段尾，通常为结论、概括性语句。若不是结论、概括性语句，则考虑是承上启下句，即通过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起来。示 例1 (2017年11月浙江高考节选)Read it；hear it；be it!Read the lines.Then
31、,speak them out loud.And,put some character into thewords.When he was writing his novels,Charles Dickens would act out the parts of thecharacters.Hed make faces in the mirror,and change his voice for eachcharacter.34 How often do you read?If you read frequently,youll likely have an easier time with
32、remembering whatyoure reading(and what you ve read).F.But other books require a bit more work on your part.G.You can do the same thing when you are reading the text!解题关键此题设在段尾，根据语篇结构可知，此处为结论、概括性语句。尝试解答 本段要求读者要全身心投入到所读内容中去，同时又以狄更斯为例说明这种方法的可行性，因此读者也可以使用这种方法记住所读内容。故选G。|名师点津|结论、概括性语句的解题关键：一要注意空格前的一句或两句；
33、二是注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词，$0 to conclude,in a word,thus,hence,inshort,to sum up,therefore,as a result等词语；三是要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词。示例2 （2016年10月浙江高考节选）Everyone wants to succeed in their life,dont they?Even as a teenager,you canachieve success in your life;it really isnt that hard.31 Do well in school.Do
34、 good in your community（社区）.E.It will help you pass time and develop your personality.F.Here are some important points that you may find helpful.解题关键本题设在段尾。起承上启下的作用，第一段简要提出人人想取得成功，后面的段落是就如何取得成功给予的一些建议。尝试解答 此题属承接上下文类，用来引出下文的几个建议，故选R|名师点津|如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，一般会用一些信号
35、词（如转折词）引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。3.段中题（1）利用衔接关系解题空格设在段中，通常设在语境和逻辑两方面和上下文有密切关系的位置，一般考查过渡句和细节支撑句。注意所选选项要在语境和逻辑两方面能够与原文无缝衔接。示 例1 （2017年6月浙江高考节选）Hit the streets with confidence.33 Say,“Excuse me,I work for XYZ News,and I was wondering if you could share your opinion about this topic.This is a quickway to get pe
36、ople to warm up to you.B.As you approach people,be polite.C.If you dont own a camera,you can buy one.解题关键此题设在段中，中间缺少一个过渡句，注意上下文衔接。尝 试 解 答 根 据 空 前 的“confidence”和 下 文 中 的“Excuse me,.and I waswondering if.”可知，到街头进行采访时要自信，同时也要有礼貌，故选旦。|名师点津|过渡句的解题关键是要读懂空格前后的句子，然后根据意思的连贯性和逻辑性进一步确认答案。明确了上下文之间的关系，选择过渡句就比较容易
37、了。示例2 （2016年10月浙江高考节选）Do good in your community（社区）.Volunteering can not only improve yourcommunitys status,but it could make you happier.Studies show that people whovolunteer are less likely to develop depression（抑郁）than people who dont.33For example,if you love animals,volunteer at an animal shelt
38、er.If you love helpingthe environment,plant trees or pick up litter.When you help others,it will make youfeel better about yourself.C.Be nice to your parents and teachers.D.Find chances to do volunteer work that interests you.解题关键此题设在段中，根据主题句可知，此处为具体方法，为细节支撑句。尝试解答 根据空格处下一句For example,if you love ani
39、mals,volunteer at ananimal shelter.（如果你喜欢动物，就在动物收容所当志愿者）”可知，这里举例说明参加感兴趣的志愿者活动，据此可以判断出，空 格 处 为“要找机会去从事自己感兴趣的志愿者活动”，故选D。|名师点津|细节支撑句的解题关键是所选择的句子在语义上一定要和相关的意群一致。细节支撑句有时和上下文都有关系，而有时只和上文语义一致，有时只和下文语义一致。利用逻辑关系解题英语行文离不开逻辑关系，一篇没有逻辑的文章只能是一盘散沙。逻辑关系主要包括：并列关系、递进关系、例证关系、因果关系、转折或对比关系等。并列或递进关系并列或递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一
40、种顺承逻辑关系。示例（2016 四川高考节选）They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections.This meansthat women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men.The commoncold is a good example:women,on average,get fewer colds than men.39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influe
41、nce aging,but theybelieve that they do.B.The biological factor plays an important part.C.Women are also helped by their female genes.解题关键选项 C 中的 are also helped 与空格前面句子 They help the body defend itselfagainst中的help相对应，且两句话都说的是女性比男性寿命长的原因。尝试解答 此题属递进关系，故选C。I名师点津I（1）表示列举关系的有:first/firstly（首先,第一）,second
42、/secondly（第二）,third/thirdly（第三）;first（第一）,next（其次）,then（那么，然后）；in the first place（第一，首先）,inthe second place（第二，其次）；for one thing（首先，一贝U）,for another thing（其次）等。（2）表示递进关系的连词有：further（而且，进一步地），furthermore（而且，此外）,likewise（同样地，也，又），similarly（相似地，类似地），moreover（而且，此外），inaddition（另 夕 卜，加之）,whats more（更重要的是
43、）,too（也，还）,either（也）,neither（两者都不）,not only.but also.（不但 而且）等。转折或对比关系转折或对比关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转或对比的逻辑关系。示例（2017全国卷I节选）We slept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to takethe shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me twodays off from work,recoveri
44、ng from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill formy sons food poisoning.I was,nevertheless,talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in thewilderness.38 Instead,we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and anair conditioner.My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the nece
45、ssitiesof life.A.This time there was no tent.B-Things are going to be improved.解题关键根据下一句中的Instead（反而）可知，此空和下一句形成转折关系。根据前文“Weslept in a tent,cooked over an open fire,and walked a long distance to take theshower and use the bathroom”可知，作者第一次露营时住帐篷，露天生火做饭，走很远的距离去洗澡，上厕所，条件很艰苦。而后文中Instead,we had a pop一up
46、 camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner.”说明作者第二次露营有床有空调。尝试解答 此题属转折关系，A选 项This time there was no tent“这次没有帐篷了”，暗示作者进行了第二次露营，而且条件比较好，符合语境。故选A。|名师点津|表示转折或对比关系的词有：however（然而），nevertheless（然而，不过），still（还，仍然），instead（代替，反而），though（可是，不过，然而），yet（然而），on the contrary（正相反），in contrast（与此相反，相比之下），
47、in comparison（比较起来，与.比较）,by comparison（相比之下）等。因果关系因果关系主要指前后句之间有原因和结果的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果后因等情况。示例（2017.北京高考节选）One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories.72 We know that,while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing（力 口 强）connections betweenbrain cells,but the memory processes t
48、hat take place while we sleep have beenunclear.D.The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.E.Thats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.解题关键根据前一句提到睡觉有助于帮助我们巩固新的记忆，而这就是学生如果能在学习之后睡觉休息，就会在考试中发挥更好的原因。尝试解答 此题属因果关系。故选E。|名师点津|表示因果关系的连词
49、有because（因为），why（为什么），as a result（结果.），thus/therefore（因此），so（因此）等。例证关系例证关系主要指前后句中的某个句子是为了证明另一句子而举的例子。示例（2016全国卷I节选）There are three main types of cryptography.37 For example,the first lettersof“My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message“Meet me.E.You can hide a message by having the
50、first letters of each word spell it out.解题关键本题采用的思维方式是演绎（从观点到例子），空格后的句子是例子，即“Forexample,the first letters of My elephant eats too many eels spell out the hiddenmessage Meet me.”是对观点“你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息”所举的例子。尝试解答 此题属例证关系。故选E。|名师点津|例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的形象（例子、类比等）和抽象（观点）的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳（从例子到观点