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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上专题二阅读七选五1.高考阅读七选五的体裁与主题语境(以20162018全国卷为例)体裁主题语境段落小标题2018卷说明文人与社会家庭装饰无卷议论文人与自我晨练的好处无卷说明文人与社会舞蹈无2017卷记叙文人与自我野营无卷说明文人与社会避免工作时被打扰无卷说明文人与社会如何建立生物钟有2016卷说明文人与社会密码学无卷说明文人与自然花园有卷说明文人与社会购买和烹制鱼无阅读七选五的体裁主要以指导性说明文为主，间或考查记叙文，虽然近几年没有考查议论文，但对这种文体也不应该忽视，主题语境以人与社会为主，以人与自然和人与自我为辅。文章越来越趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，但文章大都
2、结构清晰，基本都是总分结构。2.高考阅读七选五的设题特点阅读七选五是从一篇短文后的七个选项中选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项。选项主要有以下三种情况：一是主旨概括句，二是过渡性句子，三是注释性句子。3.高考阅读七选五的考查重点此题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。它拓宽了阅读理解能力考查的深度和广度，不仅考查考生句子层面的阅读理解能力，更从语篇层次上考查考生的语篇连贯能力，即考生的语感和语境领悟能力，把握作者思路的能力，以及对整个语篇或语段的衔接手段与连贯性的洞察力。4.高考阅读七选五的备考启示备考时要注意拓展题材和体裁；注意加强对不同文本的语篇知识的学习；注
3、意叙述类文本、议论类文本的阅读。重视指导类说明文的同时，不放弃对介绍事物类说明文，记叙文和议论文的练习。 段首题1.空格为主旨句在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句，学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容，然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句的方法，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。【典例示范】(2017全国卷)_40_ It must be true that sooner or later，everyone finds his or her way back to nature.I recommend that
4、you find your way in style.E.I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.【分析】本题为段首题。从前文作者对野营活动由抵触到感兴趣的转化过程可知，作者越来越喜欢上了野营。故本题应该选择E项“I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.”。2.空格为承上启下句 在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子，这就需要学生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。【典例示范】(201
5、8全国卷)_38_.Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows，mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms.Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily c
6、hangeable.D.Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with【分析】本题为段首题。第二段最后一句出现了“the small ones，the medium ones，and the large ones”，第三段提到了“small color choices”，由此可知空处所在段主要在讲“the small ones”，故选D项Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with。 段尾题1.空格为总结概括句 做题时一要注意空格前的一句或两句；二是注意在选项中
7、查找表示结果、结论、总结的信号词，如to conclude，in a word，thus，therefore，as a result等词语；三是要注意与前文的逻辑关系，找到关键的线索词句，如表示转折、对比、并列或排比的关系。【典例示范】(2018全国卷)The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls，ceilings, and floors.Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it
8、 are significant._40_.F.So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time【分析】本题为段尾题。根据本段第二句提到的“the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant”可知，此处意在强调所花费的时间、精力和费用是巨大的，由此可推知选F。2.空格为承上启下句 还有可能这一空是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否能与上段
9、的最后一句即选项紧密连接起来。【典例示范】(2017全国卷)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping.I would have laughed heartily.Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insect bites，illcooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me._36_D.I wa
10、s to learn a lot about camping since then，however.【分析】本题为段尾题。本句起承上启下的作用，从一、二段的关系看，二者是转折关系，第一段主要讲述了作者以前不喜欢野营，第二段讲述了在朋友的引导下开始进行野营，故本题应该选择D项“I was to learn a lot about camping since then，however.”。词汇线索主要指反映上下文关系的衔接手段，如词语重现和代词指代等。1.词语重现词语重现是指词语的重复出现，但这里不是指词语的简单重现，而是指某词语可能以不同词类、词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现。比如：read，
11、reading，reader，readers。还可能是以同义词、近义词甚至反义词等形式出现。【典例示范】(2018全国卷)Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves._39_.They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.G.Color choices in this
12、 range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways【分析】第四段最后一句提到了“a bigger commitment than smaller ones”和“a more powerful effect”可知，此处是上文中的“small color choices”形成词语复现，故选G。2.代词指代代词指代是指用代词替代前文已出现的人物、事件、物品等，如he，she，they，it。【典例示范】(2017全国卷)If you have a door to your office，make good use of it._40_
13、.If someone knocks and its not an important matter，excuse yourself and let the person know youre busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed，youre not to be disturbed.G.Leave it open when youre available to talk and close it when youre not【分析】本题上文关键信息If you have a door to your off
14、ice，make good use of it与选项G中的关键词leave it open、close it等语义相近，其中it都指door，结合文意可知，本题应选G项。段中设空尤其注意分析空前后的逻辑关系和行文逻辑及内容的连贯性，注意句间的衔接手段。句间关系主要包括并列或递进关系、转折或让步关系、因果关系和解释或例证关系。1.根据并列或递进关系解题 并列或递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。【典例示范】(2016全国卷)Recall (回忆) your childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often
15、goes back to childhood.Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad，but thats not whats important._39_ how being in those gardens made us feel.If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden，start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.C.Its our experie
16、nce of the garden that matters【分析】空格前说“但那一点不重要”，由此可推测空格处会指出什么才是重要的，前后为顺承逻辑关系，C项“我们做园艺工作的体验才是重要的”符合题意。2.根据转折或让步关系解题 转折或让步关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。【典例示范】(2016全国卷)For example，“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.”_40_ Howev
17、er，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book.【分析】根据空格后的However可知前后句存在着逻辑上的转折或让步关系。上文指出了利用密码本来破解密码的方式；根据后文“However，it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long”可知，选择A项(没有密码本很难破解密码)符合题意。3.根据因果关
18、系解题 如果前后的句子之间出现as a result，thus/therefore等标志性词语，表明前后句有着因果关系。【典例示范】(2017全国卷)When people try to interrupt you，have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then._38_.It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.E.Its important that you let them kno
19、w when youll be available【分析】本题可利用因果关系解题。根据空前“have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that youll find them then.”(安排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时间回来，或者告诉他们，你会去找他们)；再结合后文“It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.”(这样做可以帮助你消除未来被打断的可能)；由句意的衔接可知选E。4.根据解释例证关系解题 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而
20、举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和演绎(从观点到例子)。【典例示范】(2016全国卷)There are three main types of cryptography._37_ For example，the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message“Meet me.”E.You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.【分析】本题可利用
21、解释例证关系解题。本题采用的思维方式是演绎(从观点到例子)，空格后的句子是例子，即“For example，the first letters ofMy elephant eats too many eels spell out the hidden message Meet me.”。故选E项(你可以拼写每个单词的第一个字母来隐藏信息)。说明文专练一 (每篇限时8分钟)AIn todays fastpaced and sometimes uncaring society，it can be challenging to find anything to lift your spirits w
22、hen you feel sad.In spite of how bad things may appear，there are some things you can do to get happy and enjoy your day._1_Get yourself an attitude of gratitude (感恩).For centuries，people over the world have recognized how powerful gratitude is when it comes to lifting ones spirits.Frequently we are
23、so caught up in what we lack that we fail to recognize all that we possess.Often，we are only reminded of the blessings present in our world when we meet someone worse off than we are or when those blessings are no longer a reality._2_ Keep a list of things for which you are gratefulin case you need
24、to jog your memory.Brighten someones day.It may be you who are feeling the blues，but when you brighten someone elses day，yours automatically becomes brighter.Smiles spread easily._3_Get some fresh air.Fresh air refreshes the senses and makes you more likely to get up and do something rather than sit
25、 there in an unpleasant mood._4_ Even just walking in your flower or vegetable garden will do the trick._5_ Because the heart rate and breathing rate increase during exercise，a greater amount of oxygen is delivered to the body tissue.In addition to relieving stress，heightened physical activity will
26、decrease the level of the stress hormone (荷尔蒙).As such，your mood can quickly change from a state of stress to one of joyfulness.A.Get some exercise.B.Be thankful for what you have.C.Herere some great ways to lift your spirits.D.Go for a walk with a friend or take a bike ride.E.Do what you can to sta
27、rt an outbreak of happy faces.F.This promotes the production of the bodys natural pain relievers.G.Organize cupboards，garages and other areas that have become untidy.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了几种振奋精神的方法。1.C根据该空前的there are some things you can do to get happy以及下文列举的几种方法可知，C项内容“如下是一些振奋精神的方法”符合此处语境。2.B由本段的小标题Get
28、 yourself an attitude of gratitude以及该空后的Keep a list of things for which you are grateful可知，B项内容“感恩你所拥有的”符合此处语境；此外，B项中的thankful与本段中的gratitude和grateful相呼应。3.E根据本段的小标题Brighten someones day以及该空前的Smiles spread easily可知，E项内容“尽你所能给别人带来笑意”符合此处语境。4.D该段主要讲述呼吸新鲜空气要以振奋精神，结合该空后的Even just walking in your flower o
29、r vegetable garden.可知，设空处是对读者的建议，D项符合此处语境。5.A本段主要讲述了运动可以帮助我们缓解压力，使我们变得开心，故A项“进行一些锻炼”作小标题最符合本段主旨。B(2018福州质检)The holiday season is supposed to be the most festive and fun time of the year, but all those plans and expectations of joy can turn tougher and more stressful than they sound.This is especiall
30、y true for those of us who struggle with mental illness._1_ Sometimes youre forced to spend time with the family you rarely see and dont always get along with.Or you are off from work, with more time to think troubling thoughts.Or you are put into party situations that you dont like.When you have a
31、routine, its easier to manage whatever mental struggles you may face, and when that routine is broken，it can trigger (引发) things you may not be ready to face._2_ It was during the holidays that I hit a low moment and，with the help of my mother, decided to seek help for my eating disorder.During the
32、holidays, I often feel as if I were supposed to be everywhere with everyone._3_ To fight this, Ive developed a mantra(咒语) ：its not selfish to take time for yourself.Take a walk in nature.Talk to a friend you trust.Sit out one of the holiday gatherings in favor of some personal time._4_Trying to spen
33、d all of your time pleasing everyone else is not only exhaustingits impossible.And you know what？_5_A.I know it has for me.B.The holidays break your routine.C.There are many things crowding in your mind.D.I will accompany my friends to go wherever they like.E.I have the added guilt of knowing its th
34、e season of giving.F.Just do whatever helps you calm down and gives you a break from the stress.G.If you take a little time for yourself, you will be a much better company for those around you.【语篇解读】本文为说明文。本文结合自己的例子就如何度假提出了几条建议。1.B后面的例子讲的都是平时很少做或不愿意做的事情，因此该段的主题句应该是假期打破了常规，所以答案选B项。2.A空处前讲的是有无打破常规的影响，
35、空处后讲的是打破常规对“我”的影响，A项中的it照应上文中的it，指代的是that routine，A项中的me照应下文中的I。3.E空前一句讲的是“我”经常感到“我”应该和大家去每一个地方，又根据“its not selfish to take time for yourself”可知“我”没有和大家出去，故空处应表示“我”的愧疚，故E项符合语境，且E项中的giving照应本段最后一句中的not selfish。4.F空前内容讲的是怎么放松自己，故F项“只做帮助你平静下来、使你从压力中得到休息的事情”符合语境，所以答案选F项。5.G空前内容讲的是把所有时间花在取悦别人上不仅使人筋疲力尽，而且
36、是不可能的，那么该怎么做呢，最后应该是提出建议，故G项“如果能为自己花一些时间，你会更好地陪伴周围的那些人”符合语境。所以答案选G项。CFour Practical Ways to Improve YourselfAre you someone who likes to grow？Do you constantly seek to improve yourself and become better？Here are some ways to selfimprove.1.Read a book every day._1_ The more books you read，the more wis
37、dom you expose yourself to.What are some books you can start reading to enrich yourself? Some books are very useful，such as Think and Grow Rich，Who Moved My Cheese，7 Habits.2.Pick up a new hobby.Beyond just your usual favorite hobbies，is there something new you can pick up? _2_ Your new hobby can al
38、so be a recreational hobby.Learning something new requires you to stretch yourself in different aspects，whether physically，mentally or emotionally.3._3_ Everyone has amazing qualities in them.Its up to how we want to tap into them.With all the friends surrounding you，you can find many things you can
39、 learn from them.Try thinking of several good friends right now.Think about just one quality they have which you want to adopt.4.Show kindness to people around you._4_ In fact，most of us dont show enough kindness to people around us.Being kind helps us to cultivate other qualities such as compassion
40、，patience，and love.Now start showing more kindness to the people around you，and see how they react._5_ Chances are you will feel even better than yourself.A.Learn from your friends.B.Speak to your friends if you need to.C.You can never be too kind to someone.D.Often go to the library with a list of
41、books.E.Books are concentrated sources of wisdom.F.Besides，notice how you feel as you behave kindly to others.G.You can learn a new sport，such as rock climbing，football，or ice skating.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了4种完善和提升自我的方法。1.E根据本段主题句“Read a book every day.”可知，本空内容和读书有关。观察备选项可知，只有D项和E项与读书有关。再根据空后句“The mo
42、re books.expose yourself to.”可知，你读的书越多，你接触的智慧就越多。对比D项和E项可知，E项“书是智慧的源泉”与空后句衔接紧密。故选E。2.G根据本段主题句“Pick up a new hobby.”可知，此段是建议你培养一种新的爱好。同时，主题句和空格前一句中的“new”起到了一定的提示作用。观察备选项可知，G项中也出现了new，且该项是空前句“.is there something new you can pick up？”的答语。故G项符合语境。3.A根据“With all the friends.learn from them.”并结合本段所描述的内容可知
43、，本段建议“向朋友学习优良的品质”，故A项适合作本段的主题句。4.C根据本段主题句“Show kindness to people around you.”可知，本段主要是建议你与人为善。再根据空格后面句子中的“In fact”可知，前后两句之间应构成转折关系。C项“你对人再善良都不为过”与空后句子“事实上，我们大多数人对周围人表现的善良是不够的”在句意上构成转折关系。故C项符合语境。5.F根据本段主题句“Show kindness to people around you.”可知，本段主要是建议你与人为善。F选项中“as you behave kindly to others”与空前“Now
44、 start showing.how they react.”衔接紧密，且F项中的“notice how you feel”也与空后句中的“you will feel even better”衔接紧密。即：F项起到了承前启后的作用，与前后句相互衔接。故选F项。DSome Ways to Create Your Own HappinessWhen it comes to making yourself happy，you need to learn what works for you._1_.And making yourself happy doesnt just improve your
45、performance.Its also good for your health.So，we went digging until we found great ways that emotionally intelligent people create their own happiness at work.Remember that you are in charge of your own happiness._2_：find another one or make the most of the one youre stuck with.Either way，your happin
46、ess is up to you and no one else.Remind yourself of this anytime youre feeling stuck. Dont compare yourself to other people.When you feel good about something that youve done，dont allow anyones opinions take that away from you.While its impossible to turn off your reactions to what others think of y
47、ou，you dont have to compare yourself to others._3_.Remember youre never as good or bad as they say you are._4_.A study found that small rewards make people more generous，friendlier，and happier.They also make people more productive and accurate in their work.Applying these strategies wont just improve your happiness at work._5_.Pick those that resonate(共鸣) with you and have fun with them.A.Reward yourselfB.Stay true to yourselfC.You have two choices in any deadend jobD.This will help you to locate your moral compassE.Most of them will also improve