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1、Unit 9Section AP re-reading ActivitiesFirst L isteningP lease listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer somequestions.Second L isteningL isten to the tape again.Then answer the following questions with yourown experiences.1)Why do you think big countries and big companies offer jobs
2、to peoplefrom abroad?2)O ne of your friends wants to accept a job overseas.What advice wouldyou give him/her?3)If a company hires many people from a different country,does it haveany responsibilities toward that country?Explain your answer.Stop Brain DrainA bill now before Congress would give prefer
3、ential treatment to foreignstudents with advanced degrees in science and engineering who want to workin the United States.To those of us who are immigrants,the bill seems simply to sanction apolicy secretly implemented by U.S.industry for nearly four decades-namely,stealing brains from the third wor
4、ld.In general,the 2 1st Century Technology Resources and CommercialL eadership Act”,which Sen.John McCain brought to the Senate in late 1999,is designed to keep the U.S.high-tech industry on top by filling the needfor skilled technology workers.O ne provision of the bill states that,among non-immigr
5、ant visa applicants,the state should give preference toforeign nationals with secondary degrees in math,science,engineeringor technology.Such a provision would provide z，temporary skilledpersonnel in those fields.During the 1960s and 1970s,politicians in my native country,India,usedto wave the sloga
6、n Stop Brain Drain”a reference to the fact that thecream of India was leaving for the lucrative shores of England and America.In that post-independence era,when everything foreign was consideredcontaminated by colonialism,we talked of cottage industries and economicimperialism.We threw Coca-Cola out
7、 and invented Thumbs Up Cola”.But it was also the era of Sputnik,of nuclear power and the greenrevolution.Every year,on Independence Day,our P rime Minister Nehruspoke of the benefits of science and technology.O ur institutes of technology,built with European and American aid,offered students free r
8、oom and board,even salary.Indian taxpayers footedthe bill in the hope that one day the graduates would help reconstructthe nation.I was one such student.But studying my textbooks late at night in thelibrary of the Indian Institute of Technology(IIT),I would dream,notof India,but of America,the land
9、of opportunity.Many students like me,indeed,left during those years,never to return.So our government set up special programs to tempt foreign graduates.O urleaders saw parallels to the independence movement founded by people likeNehru and Gandhi who,after absorbing Western political thought atinsti
10、tutions like Eton and O xford,returned home to serve their nativeland.But few foreign graduates came home to pay their pledge”,as Nehru hadput it.O ur leaders had failed to see that the emphasis on symbolmanipulation at IIT left little room for social thought and much scopefor the greedy outcomes of
11、 capital-driven business.O ver the next two decades,IIT graduates-educated at the expense ofIndian taxpayers 一 played a major role in founding Californias SiliconValley.The personal computer revolution and the invention of the Internetmade the demand for skilled labor mushroom to such tremendous pro
12、portionsthat even if every American child were to study nothing but science fromnow on,we would be unable to keep pace with demand in the decades to come.In other words,the legislation would benefit not immigrants,but Americanindustry which would be crippled without it.In India in the meantime,the e
13、ntire education system has shifted gears to feed the appetite of theAmerican computer industry.As IIT cannot graduate enough students to fillthese needs,every street corner now sports billboards for privateacademies offering certificates in computer programming.At a book show in my hometown of Nagpu
14、r recently,large crowds of youngpeople examined books on engineering and software.Comments about Brain Drain“don，t hold much water when every politicianhas a son or daughter aiming to go abroad.And why bother rebuilding the nation when the only goal is to abandon it?At the Nagpur book show,for examp
15、le,the latest American socialpublications were conspicuous by their absence and India，s politicallyconscious leadership has been replaced by a new generation,riding on thewave of the Internet,making fortunes within a span of years.This new leadership has abandoned all talk of economic imperialism in
16、favor of market economics.Indians now put flowers around Bill Gates neckand offer him the kind of reception once offered only to the Queen.AndThumbs Up is a branch of Coca-Cola.Mid-sized cities like Bangalore are now the Silicon Valleys of India their workers generate demand for the very products th
17、at they produce.But the nation is slowly disintegrating.India，s population recently hit1 billion,but its interior framework in water,transportation and healthcare is fast falling apart;its citizens breathe air that is dangerouslypolluted.India had gone from an agricultural society to the cyber-revol
18、ution,without passing through intermediate stages such as the welfare state andthe creation of social services.P erhaps it is time to pass legislation calling for a Brain Trust”.Fundedby corporations like Microsoft and Intel which have drained India of itsbrains for decades,the trust could set up ne
19、w institutes in India aimedat training students not in symbol manipulation,but in social thought.Such an effort is our only hope of creating the social structure neededin the next century.Words:8 40NEW WO RDSdrainn.1.C anything that continuously uses up sb.?s strength,time,money,etc.不断消耗（力量、时间、金钱）的事
20、2.C a pipe to carry away the unwanted water 排水管（道）,下水道v.（cause to）become dry as water or sth.similar flows off;（cause to）flow away（使）渐渐流干；（使）逐渐流出Congressn.the highest law-making body e.g.of the U.S.国 会（立法机关，如美国国会）advanceda.1.not elementary高级的，高深的，程度高的2.highly developed 先进的immigrantn.C a person who h
21、as come into a foreign country in order to live therepermanently（外来）移民，侨民namelyad.（and）that is（to say）即，即是commerciala.1.of business practices and activities generally 商业（上）的,商务的2.making or intended to make a profit商业性的,赢利或以赢利为目的的l ea d ers hi pn.1.U b ei n g a l ea d er 领导2.U t he a b i l i t y t o
22、b e a l ea d er 领导能力s en a t en.U上议院，参议院s k i l l eda.1.ex peri en c ed;t ra i n ed 有经验的，训练有素的2.(of w ork)n eed i n g s k i l l (指工作)需要技能的prov i s i onn.1.C a s t a t em en t w i t hi n a n a greem en t or a l a w t ha t a pa rt i c u l a r t hi n gm u s t ha ppen or b e d on e 规定，条款2.(pl.)s u ppl i
23、 es of food a n d ot her n ec es s a ry t hi n gs 给养,供应物3.U gi v i n g,l en d i n g,s u ppl y i n g or m a k i n g s t h.a v a i l a b l e;prov i d i n g s t h.提供，供应，供给Av i s an.C a n offi c i a l m a rk m a d e i n a pa s s port w hi c h a l l ow s on e t o en t er orl ea v e a pa rt i c u l a r c
24、ou n t ry (护照上的)签证a ppl i c a n tn.C a pers on w ho form a l l y a ppl i es for or requ es t s s t h.,es p.a j ob ora pl a c e a t c ol l ege or u n i v ers i t y 申请人A s l oga nn.C a s hort ea s i l y-rem em b ered phra s e i n t en d ed t o b ri n g a n i d ea or aprod u c t t o pu b l i c n ot i c
25、 e 标语，口号，广告语referen c en.1.C a s t a t em en t,et c.s pea k i n g of or m en t i on i n g s b./s t h.提 至说到，暗示2.U i n form a t i on or i n s t ru c t i on s t o l ook a t for hel p 查看，查阅，参考 l u c ra t i v ea.b ri n gi n g i n pl en t y of m on ey;profi t a b l e 赚钱的,可获利的i n d epen d en c en.LU s t a
26、t e of n ot b ei n g d epen d en t on ot hers 独立，自主，自立pos t-i n d epen d en c ea.U独立后的eran.C a peri od of t i m e t ha t i s m a rk ed b y pa rt i c u l a r ev en t s or d ev el opm en t s时代，历史时期Ac ol on i a la.of,rel a t i n g t o or ha v i n g a c ol on y or c ol on i es 殖民地的c ol on i a l i s mn.U
27、 t he b el i ef i n a n d s u pport for t he s y s t em of on e c ou n t ry c on t rol l i n ga n ot her殖民主义 i m peri a la.of a l a rge pow erfu l c ou n t ry or i t s ru l er(s)帝国的，皇帝的i m peri a l i s mn.1.U a c ou n t ry，s effort s t o ha v e a l ot of pow er a n d i n fl u en c e ov erot her c ou
28、 n t ri es,es p.i n pol i t i c a l a n d ec on om i c m a t t ers 势力扩张2.U a s y s t em i n w hi c h a c ou n t ry ru l es ot her c ou n t ri es 帝国主义t hu m bn.C (手的)拇指v.get a free ri d e b y ra i s i n g t he t hu m b a s a s i gn a l 站在路边竖起拇指要求免费搭车pri m ea.1.m os t i m port a n t 最重要的，主要的，根本的2.of t
29、 he b es t qu a l i t y;ex c el l en t 最佳的，第一流的n.U s t a t e or t i m e of grea t es t s t ren gt h,b ea u t y,en ergy,et c.青春，壮年，全盛时期i n s t i t u t en.C a n orga n i z a t i on w hi c h ex i s t s s o t ha t i t s m em b ers c a n d o a pa rt i c u l a rj ob (es p.ed u c a t i on a l or s oc i a l
30、 w ork),or t he b u i l d i n gs w hi c h i t u s es Z 且织，机构，学院t ex t b ookn.C a b ook w i t h d et a i l ed i n form a t i on a b ou t a s u b j ec t for peopl e w hoa re s t u d y i n g t ha t s u b j ec t 教科书，课本pa ra l l eln.1.C s t h.v ery s i m i l a r t o s t h.el s e;(a poi n t of)s i m i l a
31、 ri t y 可相比拟的事物；相似处2.C a l i n e t ha t i s a l w a y s a t t he s a m e d i s t a n c e from a n ot her l i n e 平行线a.(of t w o or m ore s t ra i ght l i n es)ha v i n g t he s a m e d i s t a n c e b et w een ea c hot her a t ev ery poi n t 平行的pl ed gen.C a prom i s e,or s t h.t ha t i s gi v en a
32、s a s i gn t ha t on e w i l l k eep aprom i s e誓言，誓约，保证v t.gi v e on e s w ord a s a pl ed ge 发誓，保证m a n i pu l a t ev t.1.c on t rol (s b./s t h.)t o on e s a d v a n t a ge 操纵,控缶 lj2.w ork w i t h s k i l l fu l u s e of t he ha n d s 操作，使用m a n i pu l a t i onn.C,U a c t of m a n i pu l a t i n
33、g or b ei n g m a n i pu l a t ed 操纵，控制s c open.1.U t he c ha n c e of d oi n g s t h.余地，机会2.U t he ra n ge of a s u b j ec t c ov ered b y a b ook,progra m,d i s c u s s i on,c l a s s,et c.范围ou t c om en.C(u s u.s i n g.)a res u l t or effec t of a n a c t i on 结果,后果 c a pi t a l-d ri v ena.d ri v
34、 en b y t he d es i re of get t i n g m ore c a pi t a l 为资本所驱动的As i l i c onn.U硅m u s hroomv i.s prea d or i n c rea s e i n n u m b er qu i c k l y 迅速蔓延，迅 速 增 力 口n.C蘑菇，伞菌l egi s l a t i onn.1.U t he l a w s m a d e 法律2.U a c t i on of m a k i n g l a w s 立法s hi ftv.(c a u s e t o)m ov e or c ha n
35、ge from on e pos i t i on or d i rec t i on t o a n ot her移动，转变，转移n.1.C a c ha n ge of pl a c e,n a t u re,form,et c.移动，改变，转变2.C a grou p of w ork ers w ho d o a j ob for a peri od of t i m e d u ri n g t heday or night;the period of time itself 轮班职工；轮班gearn.1.C（usu.pl.）（汽车的）排挡2.U equipment,clothes,
36、etc.that you use to do a particular activity装备，用具，衣着vt.organize,make ready or prepare a person or place for a particularevent or type of activity 使准备好，使适应appetiten.C a desire or need for sth.esp.food 胃口,欲望 billboardn.a high fence or board on which large advertisements are stuck 广告的招贴牌academyn.1.C a
37、school for special training 专科学校2.C an organization intended to advance art,science,language,etc.学会；研究院softwaren.U the instructions which control what a computer does;computerprograms（计算机）软件，程序abandonvt.leave（a place,thing or person）forever;stop doing sth.before youhave finished i t 抛弃，遗弃；放弃receptio
38、nn.1.U（usu.sing.）a particular kind of welcome 接待，招待，欢迎2.U way in which sb./sth.is received 反应bine sth.in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth.else连 接（各部）使成整体，（使）结合，（使）完全，（使）并入disintegratevi.（cause to）break into small parts or pieces（使）分裂，（使）分解billionn.C 10 亿frameworkn.C a supporting struct
39、ure around which sth.can be built 框架,构架，结构transportationn.U a means or system of carrying passengers or goods from one placeto another运 输（系统），交 通（系统）cyber-revolutionn.网络革命intermediatea.1.placed or coming between two people,things,etc.in time,space,degree,e t c.（在时间、空间、程度方面）中间的，居中的2.between elementar
40、y and advanced 中级的P H R A S E S A N D E X P R E S S I O N Sin generalmainly;mostly;usually主要地；大部分；通常on topin a better or higher position 处于领先地位talk oftalk about;mention 谈论；提及throw sth.outthrow sth.useless or unwanted away 扔掉，处理掉某物thumbs upan indication that sth.is seen as good or has official recogn
41、ition 伸出大拇指表示接受或赞成的手势speak oftalk about;mention 谈及，提到，讲到foot the billbe responsible for paying the cost of sth.付账in the hope thatbecause of the wish that，怀着.希望keep pace withmove forward,develop or increase at the same rate（as sb./sth.）（与.）同速前进，（与）并驾齐驱in other wordsexpressed in a different way;that i
42、s to say 换句话说，也就是说in the meantimemeanwhile（与此）同时hold water（of an argument,an excuse,a theory,etc.）be able to stand up toexamination or testing;be valid（指辩论、辩解、理论等）经得起检验，站得住脚in favor ofin support of;approving of 支持；赞同call forrequire,demand or need sth.需求，要求drain sb./sth.of sth.make sb./sth.weaker,poo
43、rer,etc.by gradually using up his/its strength,money,etc.使逐渐耗尽（力量、金钱等）P RO P ER NAMESJohn McCain约翰麦卡盖因Coca-Cola可口可乐（一种饮料，商标名）Thumbs Up Cola顶呱呱可乐（一种类似可口可乐的饮料，商标名）Sputnik（苏联）人造地球卫星Nehru尼赫鲁（18 99-1964,印度独立后首任总理1947-1964、国大党主席192 9-1964,万隆会议和不结盟运动倡导人之一）Gandhi甘 地（18 69-1948,印度民族解放运动领袖，有圣雄之称，印度国大党主席192 5-
44、1934,首倡非暴力抵抗，多次发动反英不合作运动，领导争取印度独立的斗争，印度独立 1947后，被印度教极右分子暗杀）Eton伊 顿（英国英格兰南部城镇，在伦敦之西，是著名的伊顿公学的所在地）O xford牛 津（英国英格兰中南部城市，牛津郡首府和牛津大学所在地）Silicon Valley硅 谷（旧金山东南圣克拉拉谷的别称，美国主要微电子公司集中于此）Nagpur那格浦尔（印度中部城市）Bangalore班加罗尔（印度南部城市）Microsoft微软公司Intel英特尔公司Section BBorderline RidiculousnessThe hardest thing about ge
45、tting into Britain is walking the excessivedistances around Heathrow Airport.No one has ever searched my baggage,or asked anything more than where I planned to stay and for how long.L ikewise in other European countries Ive visited but not so in America.When I go there not only must I make a declara
46、tion of all purchases andgifts acquired abroad,I am obliged to list every country I visited.Whatbusiness is that of the Finance Department?The information probably goesinto some computer,never to be removed;and while I have nothing to hide,the thought is unsettling.This is the preferential treatment
47、 I enjoy as an American citizen.Foreignnationals have another,longer form to complete before being granted aU.S.entrance visa.The questions include:Have you ever been acontrolled substance（drug）salesman,or a sex slave or pimp?”Do youseek to enter the United States to engage in export control violati
48、ons,destructive or terrorist activities or any illegal purpose?”Are you amember or representative of a terrorist organization?z，Have you everordered,caused,assisted,or otherwise participated in the torture ofany person because of race,religion,national origin,or politicalopinion under the control,di
49、rect or indirect,of the N azi G overnment ofG ermany,or of the government of any area occupied by,or allied with theN azi G overnment of G ermany,or have you ever participated in genocide?”A n untruthful answer gives authorities another arrow for their attorney squiver.I f they can，t get you for pus
50、hing drugs,maybe they can deportyou for denying you pushed them before.B ut what self-respecting terroristwould agree he belongs to a terrorist organization?The vagueness ofthe language suggests its purpose is as much rhetorical as legal.I t tellsthe rest of the world that troublesome visitors are u