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1、Unit 9Section APre-reading ActivitiesFirst ListeningPlease listen to a short passage carefully and prepare to answer some questions.Second ListeningListen to the tape again. Then answer the following questions with your own experiences.1) Why do you think big countries and big companies offer jobs t
2、o people from abroad?2) One of your friends wants to accept a job overseas. What advice would you give him/her?3) If a company hires many people from a different country, does it have any responsibilities toward that country? Explain your answer.Stop Brain DrainA bill now before Congress would give
3、preferential treatment to foreign students with advanced degrees in science and engineering who want to work in the United States.To those of us who are immigrants, the bill seems simply to sanction a policy secretly implemented by U. S. industry for nearly four decades - namely, stealing brains fro
4、m the third world.In general, the 21st Century Technology Resources and Commercial Leadership Act, which Sen. John McCain brought to the Senate in late 1999, is designed to keep the U. S. high-tech industry on top by filling the need for skilled technology workers. One provision of the bill states t
5、hat, among non-immigrant visa applicants, the state should give preference to foreign nationals with secondary degrees in math, science, engineering or technology. Such a provision would provide temporary skilled personnel in those fields.During the 1960s and 1970s, politicians in my native country,
6、 India, used to wave the sloganStop Brain Drain a reference to the fact that the cream of India was leaving for the lucrative shores of England and America. In that post-independence era, when everything foreign was considered contaminated by colonialism, we talked of cottage industries and economic
7、 imperialism. We threw Coca-Cola out and invented zFhumbs Up Cola.But it was also the era of Sputnik, of nuclear power and the green revolution. Every year, on Independence Day, our Prime Minister Nehruspoke of the benefits of science and technology.Our institutes of technology, built with European
8、and American aid, offered students free room and board, even salary. Indian taxpayers footed the bill in the hope that one day the graduates would help reconstruct the nation.I was one such student. But studying my textbooks late at night in the library of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), I
9、 would dream, not of India, but of America, the land of opportunity. Many students like me, indeed, left during those years, never to return.So our government set up special programs to tempt foreign graduates. Our leaders saw parallels to the independence movement founded by people like Nehru and G
10、andhi who, after absorbing Western political thought at institutions like Eton and Oxford, returned home to serve their native land.But few foreign graduates came home to pay their pledge, as Nehru had put it. Our leaders had failed to see that the emphasis on symbol manipulation at IIT left little
11、room for social thought and much scope for the greedy outcomes of capital-driven business.Over the next two decades, IIT graduates - educated at the expense of Indian taxpayers 一 played a major role in founding California，s Silicon Valley. The personal computer revolution and the invention of the In
12、ternet made the demand for skilled labor mushroom to such tremendous proportions that even if every American child were to study nothing but science from now on, we would be unable to keep pace with demand in the decades to come. In other words, the legislation would benefit not immigrants, but Amer
13、ican industry which would be crippled without it. In India in the meantime, the entire education system has shifted gears to feed the appetite of the American computer industry. As IIT cannot graduate enough students to fill these needs, every street corner now sports billboards for private academie
14、s offering certificates in computer programming.At a book show in my hometown of Nagpur recently, large crowds of young people examined books on engineering and software.Comments about Brain Drain dont hold much water when every politician has a son or daughter aiming to go abroad.And why bother reb
15、uilding the nation when the only goal is to abandon it? At the Nagpur book show, for example, the latest American social publications were conspicuous by their absence and Indias politically conscious leadership has been replaced by a new generation, riding on the wave of the Internet, making fortun
16、es within a span of years.This new leadership has abandoned all talk of economic imperialism in favor of market economics. Indians now put flowers around Bill Gates neck and offer him the kind of reception once offered only to the Queen. And Thumbs Up is a branch of Coca-Cola.Mid-sized cities like B
17、angalore are now the Silicon Valleys of India -their workers generate demand for the very products that they produce. But the nation is slowly disintegrating. Indias population recently hit 1 billion, but its interior framework in water, transportation and health care is fast falling apart; its citi
18、zens breathe air that is dangerously polluted.India had gone from an agricultural society to the cyber-revolution, without passing through intermediate stages such as the welfare state and the creation of social services.Perhaps it is time to pass legislation calling for a Brain Trust. Funded by cor
19、porations like Microsoft and Intel which have drained India of its brains for decades, the trust could set up new institutes in India aimed at training students not in symbol manipulation, but in social thought. Such an effort is our only hope of creating the social structure needed in the next cent
20、ury.Words: 840NEW WORDSdrainn. 1. C anything that continuously uses up sb.,s strength, time, money, etc,不断消耗（力量、时间、金钱）的事2. C a pipe to carry away the unwanted water 排水管（道）,下水道 v. （cause to） become dry as water or sth. similar flows off; （cause to） flow away （使）渐渐流干;（使）逐渐流出Congressn. the highest law-
21、making body e. g. of the U. S.国会（立法机关,如美国 国会）advanceda. 1. not elementary高级的,高深的,程度高的2. highly developed 先进的immigrantn. C a person who has come into a foreign country in order to live there permanently （外来）移民,侨民namelyad. （and） that is （to say）即,即是commerciala. 1. of business practices and activities
22、generally 冏业（上）的,同 务的2. making or intended to make a profit商业性的,赢利或以赢利为目的的leadershipn. 1. U being a leader 领导2. U the ability to be a leader 领导能力senaten. U上议院,参议院skilleda. 1. experienced; trained有经验的,训练有素的2. (of work) needing skill (指工作)需要技能的provisionn. 1. C a statement within an agreement or a law
23、that a particular thing must happen or be done 规定,条款2. (pl.) supplies of food and other necessary things 给养,供应物3. U giving, lending, supplying or making sth. available; providing sth.提供,供应,供给Avisan. C an official mark made in a passport which allows one to enter or leave a particular country (护照上的)签
24、证applicantn. C a person who formally applies for or requests sth., esp. a job ora place at college or university 申请人Aslogann. C a short easi1y-remembered phrase intended to bring an idea or a product to public notice 标语,号,广告语referencen. 1. C a statement, etc. speaking of or mentioning sb. /sth, 提至,
25、说到,暗示2. U information or instructions to look at for help 查看,查阅,参 考 lucrativea. bringing in plenty of money; profitable 赚钱的,可获利的independencen. U state of not being dependent on others 独乂,自主,自乂post-independencea. U独立后的 eran. C a period of time that is marked by particular events or developments 时代,历史
26、时期Acoloniala. of, relating to or having a colony or colonies 殖氏地的colonialismn. U the belief in and support for the system of one country controlling another殖民主义A imperiala. of a large powerful country or its ruler(s) 帝国的,皇帝的imperialismn. 1. U a country* s efforts to have a lot of power and influence
27、 over other countries, esp. in political and economic matters 势扩张2. U a system in which a country rules other countries 帝国主义thumbn. C(手的)拇指v. get a free ride by raising the thumb as a signal 站在路边竖起拇指要 求免费搭车primea. 1. most important最重要的,主要的,根本的2. of the best quality; excellent 最佳的,第一流的n. LU state or
28、time of greatest strength, beauty, energy, etc,青春, 壮年,全盛时期instituten. C an organization which exists so that its members can do a particular job (esp. educational or social work), or the buildings which it uses 纟且 织,机构,学院textbookn. C a book with detailed information about a subject for people who ar
29、e studying that subject 教科书,课本paralleln. 1. C sth. very similar to sth. else; (a point of) similarity 可相 比拟的事物;相似处2. C a line that is always at the same distance from another line 平 行线a. (of two or more straight lines) having the same distance between each other at every point 平行的pledgen. C a promis
30、e, or sth. that is given as a sign that one will keep a promise誓言,誓约,保证vt. give ones word as a pledge 发誓,保证manipulatevt. 1. control (sb. /sth.) to one，s advantage 操纵,控制2. work with skillful use of the hands 操作,使用manipulationn. C, U act of manipulating or being manipulated 操纵,控制scopen. 1. U the chanc
31、e of doing sth.余地,机会2. U the range of a subject covered by a book, program, discussion, class, etc.范围outcomen. C (usu. sing.) a result or effect of an action 结果，后果 capital-drivena. driven by the desire of getting more capital 为资本所驱动的Asilicon n. U硅 mushroomvi. spread or increase in number quickly 迅速蔓
32、延, 迅速增力口n. C蘑菇,伞菌legislationn. 1. U the laws made 法律2. U action of making laws 乂法shift v. (cause to) move or change from one position or direction to another移动,转变,转移n. 1. C a change of place, nature, form, etc.移动,改变,转变2. C a group of workers who do a job for a period of time during theday or night;
33、the period of time itself 轮班职;轮班gearn. 1. C （usu. pl.）（汽车的）排挡2. U equipment, clothes, etc. that you use to do a particular activity 装备,用具,衣着vt. organize, make ready or prepare a person or place for a particular event or type of activity 使准备好,使适应appetiten. C a desire or need for sth. esp. food 胃 口,欲望
34、 billboardn. a high fence or board on which large advertisements are stuck 广告 的招贴牌academyn. 1. C a school for special training 专科学校2. C an organization intended to advance art, science, language, etc. 学会;研究院softwaren. U the instructions which control what a computer does; computer programs （计算机）软件,程
35、序abandonvt. leave （a place, thing or person） forever; stop doing sth. before you have finished it抛弃,遗弃;放弃receptionn. 1. U （usu. sing.） a particular kind of welcome 接待,招待,欢迎2. U way in which sb. /sth. is received 反应integratev. combine sth. in such a way that it becomes fully a part of sth. else 连接（各部
36、）使成一整体,（使）结合,（使）完全,（使）并入disintegratevi. （cause to） break into small parts or pieces （使）分裂,（使）分解billionn. C 10 亿frameworkn. C a supporting structure around which sth. can be built 框架, 构 架,结构transportationn. U a means or system of carrying passengers or goods from one place to another运输（系统）,交通（系统） cyb
37、er-revolutionn.网络革命intermediatea. 1. placed or coming between two people, things, etc. in time, space, degree, etc.（在时间、空间、程度方面）中间的,居中的2. between elementary and advanced 中级的PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSin generalmainly; mostly; usually主要地;大部分;通常on topin a better or higher position 处于领先地位talk oftalk about;
38、 mention 谈论;提及throw sth. outthrow sth. useless or unwanted away 扔掉,处理掉某物thumbs upan indication that sth. is seen as good or has official recognition 伸 出大拇指表示接受或赞成的手势speak oftalk about; mention 谈及,提到,讲到foot the billbe responsible for paying the cost of sth,付贝长in the hope thatbecause of the wish that
39、怀着希望keep pace withmove forward, develop or increase at the same rate （as sb. /sth.） （与）同速前进,（与）并驾齐驱in other wordsexpressed in a different way; that is to say 换句话说,也就是说in the meantimemeanwhile （与此）同时hold water（of an argument, an excuse, a theory, etc.） be able to stand up to examination or testing; b
40、e valid （指辩论、辩解、理论等）经得起检验, 站得住脚in favor ofin support of; approving of 支持; 赞同call forrequire, demand or need sth, 需求,要求drain sb. /sth. of sth.make sb. /sth. weaker, poorer, etc. by gradually using up his/its strength, money, etc.使逐渐耗尽（力量、金钱等）PROPER NAMESJohn McCain约翰麦卡盖因Coca-Cola可口可乐（种饮料,商标名）Thumbs U
41、p Cola顶呱呱可乐（种类似可口可乐的饮料,商标名）Sputnik（苏联）人造地球卫星Nehru尼赫鲁（1899T964,印度独立后首任总理）: 19477964、国大党主席1929-1964, 万隆会议和不结盟运动倡导人之一）Gandhi甘地（1869-1948,印度民族解放运动领袖,有“圣雄之称,印度国大党主席 1925-1934,首倡非暴力抵抗,多次发动反英不合作运动,领导争取印度独立的斗争,印度独立1947后,被印度教极右分子暗杀）Eton伊顿（英国英格兰南部城镇,在伦敦之西,是著名的伊顿公学的所在地）Oxford牛津（英国英格兰中南部城市,牛津郡首府和牛津大学所在地）Silicon
42、 Valley硅谷（旧金山东南圣克拉拉谷的别称,美国主要微电子公司集中于此）Nagpur那格浦尔（印度中部城市）Bangalore班加罗尔（印度南部城市）Microsoft 微软公司Intel英特尔公司Section BBorderline RidiculousnessThe hardest thing about getting into Britain is walking the excessive distances around Heathrow Airport. No one has ever searched my baggage, or asked anything more
43、than where I planned to stay and for how long. Likewise in other European countries Ive visited but not so in America. When I go there not only must I make a declaration of all purchases and gifts acquired abroad, I am obliged to list every country I visited. What business is that of the Finance Dep
44、artment? The information probably goes into some computer, never to be removed; and while I have nothing to hide, the thought is unsettling.This is the preferential treatment I enjoy as an American citizen. Foreign nationals have another, longer form to complete before being granted a U. S. entrance
45、 visa. The questions include: Have you ever been a controlled substance （drug） salesman, or a sex slave or pimp? Do you seek to enter the United States to engage in export control violations, destructive or terrorist activities or any illegal purpose? Are you a member or representative of a terroris
46、t organization? Have you ever ordered, caused, assisted, or otherwise participated in the torture ofany person because of race, religion, national origin, or political opinion under the control, direct or indirect, of the Nazi Government of Germany, or of the government of any area occupied by, or a
47、llied with the Nazi Government of Germany, or have you ever participated in genocide?” An untruthful answer gives authorities another arrow for their attorney，s quiver. If they can* t get you for pushing drugs, maybe they can deport you for denying you pushed them before. But what self-respecting terrorist would agree he belongs to a terrorist organization? The vagueness of the language suggests its purpose is as much rhetorical as legal. It tells the rest of the world that troublesome visitors are unwelcome.The rhetorical intent is clearest in the question about Nazis. It sounds legal