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1、考点08.句型(陈述句、祈使句、感叹句、疑问句)2022年小升初英语衔接专项练(通用版)(一)陈述句一、陈述句的概念陈述是用于陈述事实和观点的句子,句末用句号如:He gets up at seven.他七点钟起床。(陈述事实)I dont think s o.我不这么认为。(陈述观点)二、陈述句的分类1.陈述句的肯定式 主语+系动词+表语如:This is my brother.这是我哥哥。Li Ming and Li Hua are good friends.李明和李华是好朋友。主语+谓语+其他成分如:I read books on Sundays.我在星期天读书。He plays foo
2、tball every day.他每天都踢足球。2.陈述句的否定式 be动词的否定式:在 be动词后面直接加not如:I am a student.I am not a sludnnl.He is reading.He isnt reading.They are working.一 They are noKarent)working.情态动词的否定式:在情态动词后面直接加not如:He can dance.He can not(cant)dance.You should go to bed early.You should nol(shouldnl)go to bed early.实义动词的否
3、定式:在实义动词前加donl、d o es或者did也如:1 like pop music.I do not(dont)like pop music.He likes running.He does nol(doeinl)like running.He went to the zoo yesterday.He did not(didnt)go to the zoo yesterday.(二)疑问句一、疑问句的概念疑问句是用于提出疑问的句子,句末应有问号,常见的是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。二、疑问句的用法1.一般疑问句 由 be动词构成如:I am a student.我是一个学生。Are you
4、 a student?你是 个学生吗?Yes,I am./No,Im n o t.是的,我是。/不,我不是。由实义动词构成的一般疑问句,在句首加助动词Qy,Does,Did(助动词的使用要与人称及时态一致)如:I often go to school on foot.我经常走路去上学。Do you often go to school on fo o t?你经常走路去上学吗?-Yes,I do./No,I d o n t.是的,我经常走路上学。/不,我不走路去上学。如:Mary likes playing the piano.玛丽喜欢弹钢琴。Does Mary like playing the
5、 p ian o?玛丽喜欢弹钢琴吗?Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.是的,她喜欢。/不,她不喜欢。如:She saw a beautiful picture yesterday.她昨天看到了一张漂亮的图片。Did she see a beautiful picture yesterday?她昨天看到了一张漂亮图片吗?Yes,she did./No,she didnt.是的,她看到了。/不,她 没 看 到。含有情态动词的一般疑问句如:I can play basketball.我会打篮球。Can you play basketball?你会打篮球吗?Yes,I can./
6、No,I cant.是的,我会。/不,我不会。2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是由疑回词提问的句子。疑问词包括疑问代词(what,which,whose,w ho)和疑问副词(where,when,why,how 等)。其基本结构是:疑问词+一般疑问句。常见的疑问词以及提问方式有:(l)What(什么)This is a map.这是一张地图。(对划线部分提问)What is this?(2)Who(谁)This is my mother.这是我的妈妈。(对划线部分提问)Who is this?(3)When(什么时候)I go lo work al 8:00 every morning.我每天早上八
7、点去上班。(对划线部分提问)When do you go to work?(4)How(怎样)Jim goes to school by b u s.吉姆坐公车去学校。(对划线部分提问)一How does Jim go to school?(5)Which(哪一个)The boy in black is my brother.穿黑色衣服的男孩是我哥哥。(对划线部分提问)一Which boy is your brother?(6)Where(哪里)I am going to go to Beijing.我将要去北京。(对划线部分提问)Where are you going to go?温馨提示:
8、除了上述的常考点外,还有几个常见的特殊疑问句的用法。如:What color(询问颜色)How much(询问价格)How many(询问多少)How old(询问年龄)How long(询问长短)How often(询问频率)等。对划线部分提问步骤:就画线部分选择一个疑问词,并放在句首去掉划线部分把其余部分变成一般疑问句(三)祈使句一、祈使句的概念祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告、警告或禁止等语气的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称(You),通常省略,谓语动词用动词原形,祈使句的句末通常用句号或感叹号。如:Come this way,madam.这边请,夫人。Please be quiet!
9、请安静!Dont forget to turn off the lights.别忘了 关灯。二、祈使句的四种句式 Let型:Let+宾语+动词原形+其他如:Let him come here.让他来这儿。Let me help you.让我来帮你。D。型:行为动词原形+宾语+其他如:Cut up these bananas.把这些香蕉切碎。Have a good tim e!玩得开心!B e型:Be+表语(名词、形容词等)+其他如:Be q u ie t.保持安静。Be careful!当心!为了使祈使句的语气更委婉,常在句首或句尾加上please如:Sit down,please.请坐。Wa
10、it a minute,please.请等一会儿。三、祈使句的否定句 Dont+动词原形+其他(注意:句首带please的否定要把please放在dont前面)如:Dont talk loudly in the hallway.不要在走廊里大声喧哗。Dont be late for school.上课不要迟到。No+V.-ing/名词!如:No smoking!禁止吸烟!No photos!禁止拍照!(四)感叹句一、感叹句的概念感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈感情的句子,多用how和 what引导。二、感叹句的分类1.H o w 引导的感叹句令 H o w+形容词/副词(+主 语+谓语!)如:
11、How nice the watch i s!多么好看的手表啊!How high he jum ps!他跳得多么高啊!2.W h a t 引导的感叹句令 What+a/an+形 容 词+可数名词单数(+主 语+谓 语!)如:What a clever boy(he is)!多么聪明的男孩啊!What an interesting book(it is)!多么有趣的书啊!令 W h a t+形 容 词+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主 语+谓 语!)如:What bad news(it i s)!多么糟糕的消息啊!What pleasant weather(it i s)!多么好的天气啊!温馨提示
12、:做感叹句的练习时,可以先把主语和谓语找出来,除去主语和谓语,剩下的最后一个单词是名词考虑what引导,剩下的最后一个是形容词或者副词,考虑用how引导。基础巩固一、完成句子1.谢谢你精美的贺卡。you your beautiful card.【答案】Thank for【详解】thank sb for sth表示“因为某事感谢某人”,句首单词首字母大写,故填Thank;for,2.他的父母一点也不担心他的学习。His parents are not his study【答案】worried about at all【详解】担心.”用系表结构是“be worried about;一点也不”对应的
13、英文表达是“not.atall”,其中at all”放在句子末尾。故填 worried;about;at;all,3.周六玛丽上两个小时美术课。(have)Mary on Saturday.答案】has an art lesson for two hours#has an art class for two hours【详解】根据语境可知此句用的是一般现在时。上美术课:have an art lesson/class;两小时:for two hourso 因为主语是“Mary”是第三人称单数,所以动词have要用动词三单has。故填has an art lesson/class for two
14、 hours。4.贝蒂今天下午直到六点才到家。Betty home 6:00 this afternoon.【答案】didnt get until【详解】根据语境是一般过去时态的否定句,not.until.“直到才”,短语get home 到家”,变成否定句要借助助动词did+not+动词原形,故填didnt;get;until05.当她经过时,她没有注意到我。She didnt me when she passed by.【答案】notice【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空处缺少“注意到”,英文表达为“notice”,空前有“didnt,此处填动词原形。故填notice。6.我也不能玩电子游戏
15、。I play computer ga me s,.【答案】can,t#cannot either【详解】通过中英文句子对照可知,英文句子中需要翻译的部分是“不能”和“也”,“不能”英文表达用canWcannot,情态动词后接动词原形;也 英文表达用either,用在否定句和疑问句中,放在句末;故填cant/cannot;either。7.我的爸爸忙于工作。他没有很多时间。My father is busy with work.He doesnt.【答案】have a lot of time【详解】a lot of许多”,修饰不可数名词time“时间”;have“有“,doesnt后接动词原形
16、,故填 have;a;lot;of;time。8.汤姆的房间不整洁,他的玩具到处都是。Toms room isnt tidy.【答案】His toys are everywhere【详解】根据汉语提示可知,空格处是陈述句,hisioy他的玩具,根据语境,应该是用复数,his置于句首,首字母要大写,主语是复数,be动词用a re,状语是everywhere。故填His toysare everywhere o9.莉莉的铅笔盒只花了 1 美元。Lilys pencil box is.【答案】only l#one dollar【详解】由中英文对照可知,缺少“只花了 1美元”。力美元力/onedoll
17、ar;只only。故填only;1/one;dollar。10.你现在不能见她,她正在打电话。You cant see her now.She is.【答案】on the phone【详解】由汉语和所给的英语翻译可知,be on the phone意为“打电话”;故填on;the;phoneo拔高训练二、改写句子11.This is my pen.(改为一般疑问句)this pen?【答案】Is your【详解】句意:这是我的钢笔。改成一般疑问句表达“这是你的钢笔吗”;一般疑问句将be动词“is”放在主语“this”前,句首首字母大写;your“你的”,形容词性物主代词。故填Is;your.1
18、2.Dont forget to turn off the lights,p lea se.(改为反意疑问句)Dont forget to turn off the l i ght s,?【答案】will you【详解】句意:请别忘了关灯。原句是“Dont”开头的祈使句,反意疑问句是will y o u,故填will;youo13.I can listen to music in class.(变为一般疑问句并做否定回答)【答案】一Can you listen to music in class?No,I cant.【详解】句意:我可以在课堂上听音乐。原句变为一般疑问句时,情态动词“can”要
19、提前,位于句首,T 变为you。Can you”句式的否定回答是“No,I can t”。故填一Can you listento music in class?No,I cant.14.Jenny is watching the animals in the zoo.(改为一般疑问句)Jenny the animals in the zoo?【答案】Is watching【详解】句意:珍妮正在动物园里看动物。原句是现在进行时,变一般疑问句只需将助动词is提到主语之前即可,句首首字母大写。故填Is;watchingo15.There were some apples in the basket.
20、(改为一般疑问句)there apples in the basket?【答案】Were any【详解】句意:篮子里有一些苹果。改为一般疑问句时be动词were置于句首,首字母大写;some 改为 any。故填 Were;any。16.Aunt Huang has tomatoes with eggs and rice for dinner.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)Aunt Huang tomatoes with eggs and rice for dinner?No,she.【答案】Does have doesnt【详解】句意:黄阿姨晚饭吃西红柿、鸡蛋和米饭。本句是含实义动词“has
21、”的句子,主语是“Aunt Huang,变一般疑问句时需借助助动词D oes,其后需用动词“has”的原形have;其否定回答应是:No,she doesnto 故填 Does;have;doesnt。17.We had a great time last week.(改为一般疑问句)_a great time last week?【答案】Did you have【详解】句意:上周我们玩得很开心。根据题目要求和英文提示可知,原句中含有实意动词,时态是一般过去时,变疑问句要借助助动词did放在主语之前;第一人称w e改为第二人称you;谓语动词成原形have;故填Did;you;have。18.
22、The teachers often tell the students not to be ca re le ss.(改为祈使句)careless,please.【答案】Dont be【详解】句意:老师经常告诉学生不要粗心大意。分析句子可知句子时态是般现在时,句子中有实义动词,变成祈使句需要使用助动词D o n t 后跟动词原形,表示 不要故填 Dont;be。19.Could you move the desk away,please?(变祈使句)【答案】Move the desk away,please#Please move the desk away【详解】句意:请你把桌子挪开好吗?
23、祈使句是动词原形开头,move是动词,意为“移动”,please 意为“请,可放在句首或者句末。故填 Move the desk away,please/Please move the deskaway。20.Are these your cousins?(作否定回答)No,.【答案】they arent【详解】句意:这些是你的堂兄弟吗?“Are these”开头的一般疑问句,否定回答用No,theyarento 故填 they;arent。21.Be early next time.(转换成否定的祈使同义句)【答案】Dont be late next time【详解】句意:下次早点。原句是一
24、个祈使句,祈使句变为否定句直接在句首加“Dont,此处要求改为意义相同的祈使句,因此把“early”换为力ate”,表示“下次不要迟到:故填Dontbe late next time。22.You cant park your car here.(变祈使句)【答案Dont park your car here.【详解】句意:你不能把车停在这里。原句为否定句,故改为祈使句的否定形式,以 dont开头,后加动词原形。故填Dont park your car here.23.You cannot say anything too personal.(改为祈使句)anything too person
25、al.【答案】Dont say【详解】句意:你不能说太隐私的话。原句中含有cannot是否定句,变为祈使句用don,t+动词原形形式。故填Dont;say。24.You cant listen to music in the classroom.(改为祈使句)to music in the classroom!【答案】Dont listen【详解】句意:你不能在教室里听音乐。根据You can)”可知要改为祈使句的否定形式,其结构为“Don,t+动词原形”。故填Dont;listeno25.You cant arrive late for sch o o l.(改为祈使句)_ late for
26、 school.【答案】Dont arrive【详解】句意:你上学不要迟到。原句为否定的意思,祈使句的否定形式应在句首加Dont,后面跟动词原形arrive“到达”。故填Dont;arriveo26.You cant open the window.It?s cold o u tsid e.(改为祈使句)the window.Its cold outside.【答案】Dont open【详解】句意:你不能打开窗户。外面很冷。分析句子可知,这是一个否定句,将其改为祈使句,需用DorTt+动词原形。故填Dont;open。27.They had a great time at the party
27、yesterday.(改为感叹句)they had at the party yesterday!【答案】What a great time【详解】句意:他们在昨天的聚会上玩得很开心。改为感叹句后句中缺少“a great time,此处用“Whata/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主谓+其他!”结构。故填What;a;great;timeo28.The girl is very brave and clever.(改为感叹句)and the girl is!【答案】How brave clever【详解】句意:这个女孩非常勇敢和聪明。根据题目要求可知,该句要改写成感叹句,中心词为形容词,使用的感
28、叹句的句型是:How+形容词+主语+谓语,故填How;brave;clevero29.If you want to get to the police station,please turn right at the third turning.(改为同义句)If you want to get to the police station,please the third turning【答案】take on the right【详解】句意:如果你想去警察局,请在第三个路口右转。根据原句可知,空格所在句为祈使句,take the+序数词+tuming on the right=turn rig
29、ht at the+序数词+turning,表示“在第几个路口右转”,please后面跟动词原形。故填take;on;the;righto30.My P.E class is on Monday.(就画线部分提问)_your P.E.class?【答案】When is【详解】句意:我的体育课在周一。划线部分表示时间,用 when提问,原句谓语动词是is,此处将is提到主语前。故填When;is。31.The girl is very brave.(改为感叹句)What!How!【答案】a brave girl she is brave the girl is【详解】句意:这个女孩很勇敢。此题要
30、求改为感叹句,感叹句是由what和 how 引导的;what引导的感叹句为:What(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语;how引导的感叹句为:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语。这题的girl是单数名词,brave是形容词,且是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面用不定冠词a;所以这题的感叹句为:Whal a brave girl she is或 How bravethe girl iso 故填 a;brave;girl;she;is:brave;the;girl;iso32.Millie runs very fast.(改为感叹句)_ Millie runs!【答案】How fast【详解】句意:米
31、莉跑得非常快。根据题干可知,此处考查肯定句改为感叹句,根据转换后的题干“Millie runs!”可推出,感叹句的中心词是副词“fast”,其前用“How”引导,首字母大写。故填 How;fasta33.Ifs a nice present.(改为感叹句)nice present it is!【答案】What a【详解】句意:这是一份很好的礼物。根据nicepresent”可知,感叹句中强调名词。根据Whal+a/an+形容词+主谓可知,第一空填w h al,句首首字母大写;present“礼物”为单数,且是以辅音音素开头,应该用不定冠词a。故填What;a。34.They are beaut
32、iful flowers.(改为感叹句)these flowers are!/they are!【答案】How beautiful What beautiful flowers【详解】句意:它们是漂亮的花。分析句子结构可知,该句为:主语+系动词+表语;结合题干“these flowers are!”可知,感叹句句式应用:How+adj.+主语+谓语!;再根据题干“they are!”和句中含有名词复数“flowers”可知,感叹句还应用:What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!。故填 How;beautiful;What;beautiful;flowerso35.His sister is
33、 a beautiful girl in our school.(变为感叹句)beautiful girl his sister is in our school.【答案】What a【详解】句意:他的姐姐是我们学校一个漂亮的女孩。根据空出的句子结构可知,应用what引导的感叹句,结构为:What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!beautiful以辅音音素开头,使用冠词a,句首单词首字母大写,故填What;a。36.This is a lazy grasshopper.(改为感叹句)_ this grasshopper is!【答案】How lazy【详解】句意:这是一只懒惰的蚱蠕“
34、此处强调的中心词是形容词lazy,用“How+adj+主谓!”句型表示。故填How;lazy。37.Sandy looks very beautiful.(改为感叹句)_Sandy looks!【答案】How beautiful【详解】句意:桑迪看起来很漂亮。多么美丽呀桑迪看起来!英语中的感叹句要由what和how来引导,其句型是:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他!以及What+(a/an)+名词+主语+谓语+其他!根据所给的单词beautiful是形容词,应用how来感叹形容词beautiful,故填(1).How(2).beautiful o38.Yuan Longping was
35、a great scientist.(改为感叹句)【答案】How great a scientist Yuan Longping wasAVhat a great scientist Yuan Longping was【详解】句意:袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家。观察句子结构以及“a great scientist”可知,句子可用感叹词修饰“great”,符合how引导感叹句结构:How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数十主语+谓语!此结构可与w hat引导的感叹句:what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!。故填 How great a scientist Yuan Longping w
36、as/What a great scientist Yuan Longping was。39.Darning and Mark are learning a lion dance.(就画线部分提问)Darning and Mar k?【答案】What are doing【详解】句意:大明和马克正在学舞狮。画线部分是正在做的事情,就正在做的事情提问用what.doing,句首首字母w 需要大写。原句是现在进行时态,疑问句是把be动词are提前。故填 What;are;doing040.Please look after my pet well when Pm a w a y.(改为同义句)Please my pet when Vm away.【答案】take good care of【详解】句意:我不在的时候,请照顾好我的宠物。look after.weU=take good care of照顾好”,用于祈使句中,使用动词原形。故填take;good;care;of。