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1、国家开放大学旅游英语期末考试复习资料（部分）Exchange a glance with someone,then 1ookaway.Do you realize that youhave made a statement?Hold the glance for asecond longer,and you havemade a different statement.Hold it for 3 seconds,and the meaning haschanged again.For every social situation,there is apermissible timethat y
2、ou can hold a persons gaze without being intimate,rude,oraggressive.If you are on an elevator,what gaze-time are youpermitted?To answer this question,consider what you typically do.You verylikely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up（打量）and to assure them that you meanno threat.Since
3、being close to anotherperson signalsthe possibility of interaction,you need to emit a signaltelling others youwant to be left alone.So you cut off eye contact,whatsociologist ErvingGoffman（1963）calls Ma dimming of the lights.w Youlook down at the floor,atthe indicator lights,anywhere but into anothe
4、rpassengers eyes.Should youbreak the rule against staring at a strangeron an elevator,you will make theother person exceedingly uncomfortable,and you are likely to feel a bitstrange yourself.If you hold eye contact for more than 3seconds,what are you tellinganother person?Much depends on the person
5、andthe situation.For instance,a man and a woman communicate interest in thismanner.They typically gazeat each other for about 3 seconds at a time,thendrop their eyes downfor 3 seconds,before letting their eyes meet again.But if one man givesanother man a 3-second-plus stare,he signals,I know you,I a
6、minterested in y o u,o r You look peculiar and I am curious about you.This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.（单选题）It can be inferred form the first paragraph that.A.every glance has its significanceB.staring at a person is an expression of interestC.a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacce
7、ptable1D.a glance conveys more meaning than wordsA（单选题）I f you want to be left alone on an elevator,the bestthingto do is.A.to look into another passengers eyesB.to avoid eye contact with other passengersC.to signal you are not a threat to anyoneD.to keep a distance from other passengersB（单选题）By a d
8、imming of the lights（P ara.1,Line 9）ErvingG offmani r nmeans .A.closing ones eyesB.turning off the lightsC.ceasing to glance at othersD.reducing gaze-time to the minimumC（单选题）I f one is looked at by a stranger for toolong,he tends tofeel A.depressedB.uneasyC.curiousD.amusedB（单选题）The passage mainly d
9、iscusses.A.the limitations of eye contactB.the exchange of ideas through eye contactC.proper behavior in situationsD.the role of eye contact in interpersonal communicationD2【综合题end【综合题start综合题：Driving a car at high speed along a highway seems to be fun.You need only to follow the brighttraffic（交通）si
10、gns beside the highways and it will take you towhereyou wish.But to a London taxi driver,driving is not an easyjob.A taxi driverhas to have not only good driving skills but also a goodknowledge of thecity of a London,from the smallest lane（小巷）to the mostpopular bar（酒吧）around.He has to be at the serv
11、ice of all kindsof passengers at alltimes.A certain London taxi driver told of his job asfollows.During the night it is quiteusual for him to stop two or three timesfor some refreshments（点，Q）He said.,rI never drinkwhen Im working-I would lose my licence（执照）.He normally goes home between2 and 3 Ocloc
12、k in the night,There aretimes he has to stay longer and try tomake more runs.He said,nThatsthe worst thing about working for yourself.If you dont make the money,no one is going to give it to you.”London taxi drivers not only take but also give,Every summerhundredsof children from London will go for
13、a day at the sea-by taxi!Theirridesare paid by the taxi drivers,and these fares（车费）all go to the LondonTaxi Fundfor Underprivileged Children.At the sea.they are met by themayor,and alunch party is also held in honour of the taxi drivers andthe children.Aft era happy day running around the sea beache
14、s and visitingthe market,thechildren go home again一 by taxi,and free of charge,ofcourse!（单选题）To be a Londondriver is not easy because.A.he has to follow the bright traffic signs3B.he has to have good drivingskills and know all the places in thecityC.he has to serve all kindsof passengers at all time
15、sD.both B.and CD（单选题）The London taxi drivers.A.work hard because on one would give them money for doing nothingB.never stop driving in thecityC.only work between 2 and 3 oclock in the nightD.are very richA（单选题）The author of the passage says that.A.the taxi driver works longer than is necessaryB.the
16、more runs the taxidriver makes,the more he getsC.the taxi driver doesntlike to work for othersD.the taxi drivers in the city not onlytake money but also give moneyB（单选题）London taxi driver.A.take money because they have to pay for the childrens rideB.go to the sea for a day inthe summerC.pay the fare
17、s for the poor children tothe sea for a day once everyyearD.give the poor children afree ride for a day at the sea once everyyearC（单选题）The underlined words Underprivileged Children meanchildrenA.of low incomefamiliesB.who like totravel in taxi4C.who wish to go to sea buthave no moneyD.from LondonA【综
18、合题end【综合题start综 合题：O verhead bridgesare found in many parts ofBeijing,especially in places where traffic is very heavy and crossingthe road isdangerous.The purpose of these bridgesis to enable pedestrians（行人）to crossroads safely.O verhead bridges are usedto very much the same way as zebracrossings.T
19、hey are more efficient（效率高的）although lessconvenient because people have to climb up a long flight of steps.This isinconvenient especially to older people.When pedestrains use anoverheadbridge,they do not hold up traffic.H owever,when they crossa busy road usinga zebra crossing,traffic is held up.Thi
20、s is why thegovernment has built manyoverhead bridges to help pedestrians and to keeptraffic moving at the sametime.The government of Beijing has spent a largeamount of money on buildingthese bridges.F or their own safety,pedestriansshould be encouraged touse them instead of risking（冒危险）their lives
21、bydashing across theroad.O ld people,however,may find it a little difficultclimbing upand down the steps,but it is still much safer than walking acrosstheroad with all the danger of moving traffic.O verhead bridges serve a veryuseful purpose.P edestrians,both oldand young,should make it a habit to u
22、sethem.This will preventunnecessary accidents and loss of life.（单选题）What is the advantage of overhead bridges mentioned in thispassage?5A.Taller trucks can pass underthem.B.P edestrians can climb upand have a view of the city.C.They are safer forpedestrians and can keep traffic moving at thesame tim
23、e.D.They are easier and moreconvenient for the pedestrians.C（单选题）Why were overhead bridges builtin Beijing?A.Because they prevent traffic from being held up.B.Because they provide aneasy way for the drivers to cross the road.C.Because they save money forthe government.D.Because they save time forthe
24、 pedestrians.A（单选题）Which of the following statements is true according to thepassage?A.O verhead bridges are found in every part of Beijing.B.O verhead bridges are onlyfound in the centre of Beijing.C.O verhead bridges are foundin many parts of big cities in China.D.O verhead bridges are foundin pla
25、ces where traffic is heavy.D（单选题）The underlined words a zebra crossing probably mean.A.a safe place across a road for pedestrians to walk across the roadB.a wild animal from Africa that looks like a horse with broad darkbrown andwhite stripes on its bodyC.a safe place across a roadfor zebras to walk
26、 across the roadD.a safe place across a roadfor children to play a gameA（单选题）What is the writers attitude towards overhead bridges?A.I t is inconvenient to older people to walk across the road.6B.I t is much safer forpedestrians though climbing up and down thesteps may be a little difficult,C.An ove
27、rhead bridge is morebeautiful than a zebra crossing.D.To build overhead bridgesis the business of the government.B【综合题end【综合题start综合题:H enry F ord,thefamous U.S.inventor and car manufacturer,once said,The business of Americais business,By this he meant thatthe U.S.way of life is based on the valueso
28、f the business world.F ew would argue with F ords statement.Abrief glimpse at a dailynewspaper vividly shows how much people in the UnitedStates think aboutbusiness.F or example,nearly every newspaper has a businesssection,inwhich the deals and projects,finances and management,stock pricesandlabor p
29、roblems of corporations are reported daily.I n addition,businessnews can appear in every other section.Most national news hasan importantfinancial aspect to it.Welfare,foreign aid,the federalbudget,and thepolicies of the F ederal Reserve Bank are all heavilyaffected by business.Moreover,business new
30、s appears in some of theunlikeliest places.The world of arts andentertainment is often referredto as the entertainment industryn or Mshowbusiness.”The positive side of H enry F ordsstatement can be seen in theprosperity that business has brought to U.S.life.O ne of the mostimportant reasons so many
31、people from all over the world cometo live inthe United States is the dream of a better job.J obs are produced inabundance（大量地）because the U.S.economicsystem is driven bycompetition.P eople believe that this system creates morewealth,morejobs,and a materially better way of life.The negative side of
32、H enry F ordsstatement,however,can be seen when7the word business is taken to mean bigbusiness.And the term bigbusinessreferring to the biggest companies,is seenin opposition to labor.Throughout U.S.history working people have had tofight hard for higherwages,better working conditions,and the right
33、to formunions.Today,many of the old labor disputes are over,but there is still someemployeeanxiety.Downsizingthe laying off of thousands of workers to keepexpenseslow and profits high-creates feelings of insecurity for many.（单选题）The united States is a typical country.A.which encourages free trade at
34、 homes andabroadB.where peoples chief concern is how to make moneyC.where all businesses are managed scientificallyD.which normally works according to the federal budgetB单选题）The influence of business in the U.S.is evidenced bythe factthat.A.most newspapers are run by bigbusinessesB.even public organ
35、izations concentrate on working for profitsC.Americans of all professions know how to do businessD.even arts and entertainment are regarded as businessD（单选题）According to the passage,immigrants choose to settle inthe U.S.,dreaming that.A.they can start profitable businessesthereB.they can be more com
36、petitive in businessC.they will make a fortune overnight thereD.they will find better chances of employmentD（单选题）H enry F ords statements can be takennegatively because8A.working people are discouraged to fightfor their rightsB.there are many industries controlled by a few big capitalistsC.there is
37、a conflicting relationship between big corporations andlaborD.public services are not run by the federal governmentC（单选题）A companys efforts to keep expenses lowand profits high mayresult in.A.reduction in the number of employeesB.improvement of working conditionsC.fewer disputes between labor and ma
38、nagementD.a rise in workers wagesA【综合题end【综合题start综合题：Advertisinginforms consumers about the existence andbenefits of products and services,and attempts to persuade them to buythem.The best form of advertising isprobably word-of-mouth advertising,which occurs when people tell their friendsabout the
39、benefits of productsor services that they have purchased.Y et almost no providers of goodsorservices rely on this alone,but use paid advertising instead.I ndeed,manyorganizations also use institutional or prestige advertising,whichis designedto build up their reputation rather than to sell particula
40、rproducts.Although largecompanies could easily set up their own advertisingdepartments,write theirown advertisements,and buy media spacethemselves,they tend to use theservices of large advertising agencies.These are likely to have moreresources,and more knowledge about allaspects of advertising and
41、advertising9media than a single company.The most talented advertising peoplegeneral1 yprefer to work for agencies rather than individual companiesas this gives themthe chance to work on a variety of advertising accounts(contracts to advertiseproducts or services).I t is also easier fordissatisfied c
42、ompany to give itsaccount to another agency than it wouldbe to fire its own advertising staff.The clientcompany generally gives the advertising agency an agreedbudget；a statement of the objectives of the advertising campaign,knownas a brief；and an overal1 advertising strategy concerning the messaget
43、o be communicated to the targetcustomers.The agency createsadvertisements,and develops a media planspecifying which media-newspaper,magazines,radio,television,cinema,posters,mail,etc.-will be used and in which proportions.Agencies oftenproduce alternativeads or commercials that are pre-tested in new
44、spapers,television stations,etc.in different parts of a country before a final choiceis made priorto a national campaign,and wood,that bend without breaking.Later,people tried to lifta building off its foundation,and insert rubber andsteel between the buildingand its foundation to reduce the impact
45、ofground vibrations.The most recentdesigns give buildings brains as wellas concrete and steel supports.Calledsmart buildings,the structures respond like living organisms toanearthquakes vibrations.When the ground shakes and the building tipsforward,the computer would force the building to shift in t
46、he oppositedirection.Thenew smart structures could be very expensive to build.H owever,they would savemany lives and would be less likely to be damaged duringearthquakes.(单选题)I nthe sentence,Y et almost no providers of goods or servicesrely on this alone,what does this refer to?10A.paidadvertisingB.
47、word-of-mouthadvert i s ingC.newspaperD.mediaB（单选题）Large companies tend to use the services of 1 argeadvertisingagencies,because agenciesA.have moreknowledge about mediaB.have more resources,and more space about advertising andadvertising mediaC.have more human resources,and more knowledge about adv
48、ertising andadvertising mediaD.have more resources,and more knowledge about advertising andadvertising mediaD（单选题）The most talented advertising people generally pref er towork for agencies because agenciesA.would notfire its own advertising staffB.give them thechance to work on a lot of advertise pr
49、oductsC.provide themthe chance to work on a lot of advertising clientsD.would like tokeep its own advertising staffC（单选题）Which media is likely to be included in themedia plan?A.catalogueB.direct sellingC.leafletD.any one of theaboveD11(单选题)Before a national campaign has been made,advertisingagencies
50、 wouldA.producealternative ads or commercials that are pre-tested invarious media in differentplacesB.give anagreed budgetC.give astatement of the objectives of the advertising campaignD.produce anoverall advertising strategy concerning the messageA【综合题end【综合题start综合题：Most organizationshave a pyrami