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1、一、简单句简单句简单句的基本句型简单句的基本句型简单句（简单句（simple sentence）只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓）只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。语）。有以下五种基本结构：有以下五种基本结构：1)主语谓语这种句型可简称为主谓结构（主语谓语这种句型可简称为主谓结构（SV），其谓语一般是不及物动词），其谓语一般是不及物动词如：如：Things change.Nobody went.-Did you go by see?-No.We flew.2)主语联系动词表语这种句型可简称为主系表结构（主语联系动词表语这种句型可简称为主系表结构（SLP）,联系动
2、词只是形式上的联系动词只是形式上的谓语动词，但在实质上表语却变成了谓语。如：谓语动词，但在实质上表语却变成了谓语。如：Trees are green.Mr.Smith is an artist.She seems kind.The milk turned sour.3)主语谓语宾语这种句型可简称为主谓宾结构（主语谓语宾语这种句型可简称为主谓宾结构（SVO）,谓语一般是及物动词，其谓语一般是及物动词，其宾语多是直接宾语。如：宾语多是直接宾语。如：We dont beat children.The car hit the tree.My sister cooks dinner.4)主语谓语间接宾语
3、直接宾语这种句型可简称为主谓宾宾结构（主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语这种句型可简称为主谓宾宾结构（SVOO），谓语），谓语须是可接双宾语的的及物动词。如：须是可接双宾语的的及物动词。如：He gave his sister the piano.He bought his wife a fur coat.I will write you a long letter.Would you show me the picture?5)主语谓语宾语宾补这种结构可称为主谓宾补结构（SVOC），其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。宾语和宾补存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如：I found the book easy
4、.I ll let him go.I saw him running.二、并列句并列句由两个或者两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成。常见的并列句结构是简单句+并列连词+简单句。并列连词之前可用逗号，也可不用逗号。如：.This is me and these are my friends.Its not cheap,but its very good.They must stay in water,or they will die.The government introduces a program of laws,the Opposition(反对党)criticizes it,and the
5、 Queen as the supreme head of the State gives it her final authority（词句由三个分句组成）两个或两个以上的简单句的关系如不是很紧密，并列连词可引导单独一个句子。You are alive!And he s dead.I am sorry to trouble you.But can you direct me to the nearest post office?并列分句之间也可用连接副词连接，如：I had a drink,then I went home.It rained;therefore the game was c
6、alled off.She was very tired,nevertheless she kept on work.I want to go to the partyhowever,I have no transport.上面的并列句比较简单，皆由简单句组成。除简单并列句之外，还有一种比较复杂的并列句，叫做并列复合句，其中一个分句可内含一个从句。如：The policeman looked at me,and he asked me what I wanted.（第二个分句就含有从句what I wanted.）有的并列句更复杂一些，其中两个分句都含有一个从句。如：While the man
7、 worked to strengthen the dam,the rain continued to fall;and the river,which is already well above its normal level,rose higher and higher.(当人们正在加固河提的时侯，雨还在不停地下，已经远远超出正常水位的河水涨得越来越高了。)在这个句子中，第一个分句里有while从句，第二个分句有which从句。在语言实际运用中，可能会有更加复杂的并列句，比如说并列句可有更多的分句，分句里可能有一个以上的从句，从句可能又有从句。但是只要我们掌握了各种句子的结构（包括分句和从句在内），不论句子结构多么复杂，自然会迎刃而解。判断下列简单句的类型I made him cry.Something terrible happened.She is my friend.He plays basketball well.My friends call me Peter.I bought a computer last month.My father gave me some money.He works very hard.