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1、Unit EightCreativityBackground InformationElbert Einstein（1879-1955）was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity,effecting a revolution in physics.For this achievement,Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific in
2、tellects in human history.34 He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics for his services to theoretical physics,and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.5 The latter was pivotal in establishing quantum theory within physics.爱因斯坦，美籍德国犹太裔，爱因斯坦，美籍德国犹太裔，理论物理学家理论物理学家，相对论相对
3、论的创立者，的创立者，现代物理学现代物理学奠基人。奠基人。1921年获年获诺贝尔物理学奖诺贝尔物理学奖，1999年被美国年被美国时代时代周刊周刊评选为评选为“世纪伟人世纪伟人”。阿尔伯特爱因斯坦，世界十大杰出物理学家之一，现代物理学的开创者、集大成者和奠基人，同时也是一位著名的思想家和哲学家。爱因斯坦1900年毕业于苏黎世联邦理工学院，入瑞士国籍。1905年获苏黎世大学哲学博士学位。曾在伯尔尼专利局任职，在苏黎世工业大学、布拉格德意志担任大学教授。1913年返德国，任柏林威廉皇帝物理研究所所长和柏林洪堡大学教授，并当选为普鲁士科学院院士。1933年因受纳粹政权迫害，迁居美国，任普林斯顿高级研究
4、所教授，从事理论物理研究，1940年入美国国籍。有一句熟悉的格言是：“任何事都是相对的。”但爱因斯坦的理论不是这一哲学式陈词滥调的重复，而更是一种精确的用数学表述的方法。此方法中，科学的度量是相对的。显而易见，对于时间和空间的主观感受依赖于观测者本身。Arnold Schwarzenegger(born July 30,1947)is an Austrian-American former professional bodybuilder,actor,director,businessman,investor,and politician.Schwarzenegger served as th
5、e 38th Governor of California from 2003 until 2011.阿诺德阿诺德施瓦辛格在施瓦辛格在好莱坞好莱坞是个传奇人物，是个传奇人物，没有受过专门的表演训练，但却跻身好莱坞没有受过专门的表演训练，但却跻身好莱坞主流影星之列。曾在健美界冉冉升起后，他主流影星之列。曾在健美界冉冉升起后，他那雄健魁梧的身躯和钢铁般坚硬的肌肉，被那雄健魁梧的身躯和钢铁般坚硬的肌肉，被认定是拍惊险动作片的不二人选。生于认定是拍惊险动作片的不二人选。生于奥地奥地利利的美国健身运动员、演员和政治家，是一的美国健身运动员、演员和政治家，是一位位天主教天主教徒，曾于徒，曾于威斯康星大学威
6、斯康星大学苏必略分校苏必略分校（University of Wisconsin-Superior）接）接受教育。受教育。2003年年11月任美国加州州长，月任美国加州州长，2011年年1月月3日卸任，任期达日卸任，任期达7年。年。Thomas Edison（1847-1931)was an inventor and businessman who developed many important devices.The Wizard of Menlo Park was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass prod
7、uction to the process of invention.In 1880 Edison founded the journal Science,which in 1900 became the journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.Edison is considered one of the most prolific inventors,holding a record 1,093 patents in his name.Most of these inventions were n
8、ot completely original but improvements of earlier patents,and were actually made by his numerous employees.Edison was frequently criticized for not sharing the credits.Nevertheless,Edison received patents worldwide,including the United States,United Kingdom,France,and Germany.Edison started the Mot
9、ion Picture Patents Company,which was a conglomerate of nine major film studios(commonly known as the Edison Trust).爱迪生（18471931）是举世闻名的美国电学家，科学家和发明家，被誉为“世界发明世界发明大王大王”。他除了在留声机、电灯、电报、电影等方面的发明和贡献以外，在矿业、建筑业、化工等领域也有不少著名的创造和真知灼见。爱迪生及公司员工一生共有约两千两千项创造发明，为人类的文明和进步作出了巨大的贡献。爱迪生同时也是一位伟大的企业家，1879年，爱迪生创办“爱迪生电力照明公
10、司”，1880年，白炽灯上市销售，1890年，爱迪生已经将其各种业务组建成为爱迪生通用电器公司。1891年，爱迪生的细灯丝、高真空白炽灯泡获得专利。1892年，汤姆休斯顿公司与爱迪生电力照明公司合并成立了通用电气公司，开始了通用电气在电器领域长达一个世纪的统治地位。爱迪生同时被誉为“光明之父”“现实中的普罗米修斯”“发明大王发明大王”，他拥有白炽灯、留声机、碳粒电话筒和电影放映机等一千多项发明专利权。Textfunction n.功能功能The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.v.(器官等器官等)活动；活动；(机器
11、等机器等)运行运行 The machine doesnt function.be aware of知道；意识到；察觉到；认识到知道；意识到；察觉到；认识到 Are you aware of the time?It happened without my being aware of it.be aware of dangerbe aware of environmental pollution build up 增强，增大，增多增强，增大，增多to build the wall up把墙砌得更高些把墙砌得更高些The weightlifting built up his body.增强体质增强
12、体质capability n.才能，能力才能，能力Animals in the zoo have lost the capability of catching food for themselves.You have the capability to do this job well.capable adj.能干的，能胜任的能干的，能胜任的 You are capable of better work than this.application n.应用应用,运用运用The invention would have a wide range of applications in indus
13、try.n.申请，请求申请，请求Jack gives his application letter to the Music Club.application formamaze 使使大为吃惊大为吃惊He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.We were amazed at the change in his appearance.amazing adj.令人惊异的令人惊异的 The view from there was amazing!I have just seen the most amazing e up with 想出（主意，办
14、法）想出（主意，办法）Is that the best excuse you can come up with?came up with a new ideacome up to 升到，达到升到，达到The water came up to my neck.This piece of work does not come up to your usual standard.达不到平常的标准达不到平常的标准definition n.定义定义Definitions should not be more difficult to understand than the words they defi
15、ne.define vt.定义定义,解释解释Can you define the word“define”?This word is hard to define.in ones estimation 就某人来看就某人来看In your estimation,who is going to win?estimate vi.估计，估价估计，估价 to estimate the cost of a college education估计上大学的费用估计上大学的费用He is highly estimated among his colleagues fortune n.巨款，财富巨款，财富He m
16、ade a considerable fortune selling waste materials.a small fortune 口语口语 大笔钱，一笔巨款大笔钱，一笔巨款n.机会，运气机会，运气good fortune 好运好运fortunate adj.幸运的幸运的I was fortunate in having a good teacher.launch v.使使行动，使行动，使开始开始The company is launching a new model next month.They launched a violent attack on the enemy at dawn
17、.v.发射发射In 1970,China successfully lauched a man-made satellite.It is estimated that 据估计据估计Similar structures are:Its said/reported/proved thatIt is estimated that TV sets and fridges have been saturated in the China market.accomplish vt.完成；实现；达到完成；实现；达到to accomplish ones missionto accomplish ones dr
18、eamThis task is accomplished by great effort notbut rather 不是不是而是而是The reason for his success is not that he is lucky but rather that e works hard.The problem doesnt lie in the weather but rather in preparation.dismiss v.不予考虑，打消念头不予考虑，打消念头Dismissing her fears,she climbed higher.He tried to dismiss h
19、er from his mind.v.解雇解雇The boss dismissed the employee.She was late again and was dismissed from her job.v.解散解散The teacher dismissed the class early.inspiration n.灵感；鼓舞灵感；鼓舞 Ninety percent of inspiration is perspiration.inspire vt.激发；鼓舞激发；鼓舞 inspire sb with sthHer encouragement didnt exactly inspire
20、 me with confidence.inspire sth in sbbear sb/sth out 证明，证实，支持证明，证实，支持the other witnesses will bear out what I say.The facts bore me out.事实为我作了证明。事实为我作了证明。We bore her out when she was in difficulty.她在困难时我们支持了她。她在困难时我们支持了她。work out 想出，算出想出，算出Its not easy to work out how much it costs to feed the avera
21、ge family.算出花费算出花费发展，结果发展，结果Things worked out quite well.做大运动量的锻炼做大运动量的锻炼Working out for an hour every day is good for your health.determine vt.决定决定,确定确定A date for the meeting has yet to be determined.Attitude determines everything.Detail determines success.be determined to do 决心做某事决心做某事We are deter
22、mined to carry on the reform no matter what difficulties we will meet.辨析：辨析：determine抉择抉择 decide决定决定occur 想到，出现在脑海里想到，出现在脑海里sth occur to sbThe reason why he was in trouble occurred to me.it occurs to sb to do sthIt occurred to me to check the label.it occurs to sb.thatIt occurred to me that that guy and your dog have the same name.It never occurred to me that he would become a K.C.从来也不会想到从来也不会想到