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1、非谓语动词讲解NonfiniteVerbs分词：Participles一 分词的概述1.它有两种形式：现在分词和过去分词。2.现在分词：doing 过去分词：规则动词V+ed 不规则动词现在分词与过去分词的区别：1.语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?2.时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成DevelopingcountryboilingwaterDevelopedcountryboiledwater二、分词的作用1、作定语放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置定语。放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。（1）前置定语Heisapromis
2、ingyoungman.Makelessnoise.Theresasleepingchild.（2）后置定语TheyoungmansittingbetweenJohnand如果是单词，放在被修饰的名词前；如果是短语，放就放在被修饰的名词之后。Thebridgebuiltlastmonthneedsrepairing.上个月建造的那座桥需要修理。（3）分词短语作定语必须置于被修饰词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如：Thosewhowishtojointheclubshouldsignhere(Thosewishingtojointhisclubshouldsignhere.)想加入本俱乐部的人在这里
3、签名。（4）过去分词作定语：表示被动和完成，只表完成。如：thequestiondiscussedyesterday昨天讨论的问题（既表示被动也表示完成）thefallenleaves 落下的树叶(只表示完成，不表示被动)2、作表语分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如：Shewastoofrightenedtomove.她被吓得一动不动。Whatyousaidisreallyinspiring.你所说的真令从鼓舞。3、作宾语补足语可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有see,watch,hear,set,keep,find,have,get 等词。Isawhimwalkinginthestreet.我
4、看见他在街上走。Iheardthemsingingintheclassroom.我听见他们在教室里唱歌。Wefoundtheboysleeping.我们发现小孩睡着了。A）Iheardmybrother(singing,sung)inthenextroomB）Iheardthesong(singing,sung)inEnglish.现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别四、作状语现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成1.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetower,wecanseeabeautifulfactory.(Seeing/seen)fromthetopofthetow
5、er,thefactorylooksbeautiful.2.(Hearing/heard)thebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.3.(Giving/Given)moretime,wecoulddoitbetter.4.Istoodbythedoor,notdaringtosayaword.Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.Th
6、ey came into the classroom,singing and laughing.and they were singing laughingTo serve the people well,I study hard.In order to serve the people well判断下列句子正误：1.To learn English well,a lot of practice must be done.2.Seeing from the hill,the city is more beautiful.3.Heating,water will boil.4.Getting t
7、here,the door was found opened.将下列状语从句改为非谓语短语作状语：1.Because she was moved by the hero,she decided to study harder.2.When he found the door locked,he went home.He started early in order that he could get there on time.to get there on time将下列非谓语短语改写为状语从句1.Not knowing her address,I cant write to her.2.E
8、ntering the room,I saw a strange sight.3,Scolded by the teacher,he was very sad.分词的时态和语态构成（以study 和go 为例）及物与不及物动词 语态 时态类别 及 物 动 词 不及物动词主动语态 被动语态 主动语态现在分词 一般式 studying beingstudied going完成式 havingstudiedhavingbeenstudiedhavinggoing过去分词 一般式 studied gone 被动式：beingdone 表示一个现在进行的完成动作。1.Thebuildingbeingre
9、pairedisourlibrary.2.Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.3.Asweapproachedthevillage,wesawnewhousesbeingputup.完成式：havingdone 所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。1.Havingturnedofftheradio,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.Nothavingreceivedhisfathersletter,hedecidedtomakeacalltohim.独立主格结构 独立主格 独立主格 结构有 结构有 两部分组成，前一部份
10、是 两部分组成，前一部份是 名词 名词 或者 或者 代词 代词，后一部分是 后一部分是 非谓语动词 非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词 不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主 副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做 格结构在句中做 状语 状语，多用于书面语。，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitbetter.Nobodyhavin
11、ganymoretosay,themeetingwas Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.closed.1 1 独立主格结构的形式：独立主格结构的形式：（1 1）名词）名词/代词 代词+-ing+-ing 分词及其短语 分词及其短语Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeir Themoonappearing,theydecidedtogoonwiththeirjourney.journey.Thepupilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.Thepu
12、pilsarewalkingslowly,theirteacherfollowing.（2 2）名词）名词/代词 代词+-ed+-ed 分词及其短语 分词及其短语Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Good-byesaid,wewenthome.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.Allthingsconsidered,itisagoodplan.22with+with+复合宾语结构复合宾语结构withwith后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的后的宾语相当于该结构中的逻辑主语，其后面的词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语词相当于这个结构中的逻辑谓语。
13、翻译。翻译时，时，withwith原有原有的含意往往不翻译出来。的含意往往不翻译出来。（1 1）with+with+名词 名词/代词 代词+名词 名词.He was carried into the hospital,with his face a mass of He was carried into the hospital,with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.bleeding flesh.（6 6）with+with+名词 名词/代词 代词+-en+-en 分词 分词All the afternoon he worked with the doo
14、r locked.All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He died with his lifes work still unfinished.He died with his lifes work still unfinished.（7 7）with+with+名词 名词/代词 代词+不定式 不定式With five minutes to go before the last train left,we With five minutes to go before the last train left,we arrived he
15、re.arrived here.3.由There being+主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：There being a lot of books to read,he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。1.The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told 1.The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.him I lived nearby.A.find A.find B.to find B.
16、to find C.on finding C.on finding D.in finding D.in finding2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the 2.Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had A.To have had B.Having had B.Having had C
17、.Have C.Have D.Having D.Having3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.3.Ireallycantunderstand_herlikethat.A.A.youtreat youtreat B.youtotreat B.youtotreatC.whytreat C.whytreat D.youtreating D.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhe 4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldntrisk_t
18、hegoodopportunity.couldntrisk_thegoodopportunity.A.A.tolose tolose B.losing B.losingC.tobelost C.tobelost D.beinglost D.beinglost选出下面习题正确答案1-Imhungry,andIwanttoeatthecake.-What!itisnotgood_A.foreatingB.tobeeatenC.toeatD.ateating2Itsimportant_andhelpful.A.tokindB.bekindC.kindD.tobekind3.IttookAliceandmeanhour_outtheproblem.A.toworkB.workingC.workD.forworking.4.Ifounditveryimportant_Englishwell.A.learningB.learnC.tolearnD.learned5.Itsverynice_youto_meaboutit.A.for;tellB.of;sayC.to;speakD.of;tellThanksalot!