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1、Language Focus of Text AA R _ Useful Expressions 1Useful Expressions 1.面临，遭遇面临，遭遇be confronted with2.仰头向上看仰头向上看look up at3.填写填写fill out4.属于属于fall into5.仅仅，不多于，不强于仅仅，不多于，不强于nothing more than6.转瞬即逝的念头转瞬即逝的念头a passing whim7.磨损，损耗磨损，损耗wear and tearA R _ Useful Expressions 2in spite oflook forward towell
2、 offout of placedated furnitureshortly aftergo south8.虽然，尽管虽然，尽管9.期望，盼望期望，盼望10.富裕的，有钱的富裕的，有钱的11.不自在，格格不入不自在，格格不入12.陈旧的家具陈旧的家具13.之后不久之后不久14.走下坡路，失败走下坡路，失败A R _ Useful Expressions 315.转折点转折点a turning point16.与与形成对比形成对比in contrast to17.对对予以注意，致力于予以注意，致力于focus on18.归属感归属感a sense of belonging19.遭遇困难遭遇困难g
3、o through a rough time20.久不消逝的微笑久不消逝的微笑a lingering smile21.为为感恩感恩be thankful for22.收入最低的档次收入最低的档次the lowest income bracket23.创作才能创作才能the gift of creativity24.对物质财富的追求对物质财富的追求the pursuit of possessionsSentence Paraphrases D R _ Sentence 1What does a Salvation Army bell ringer do?To ring the bell and
4、ask people to donate money to help the poor.It was early December 2003,my first season as a Salvation Army bell ringer,when I was confronted with the question.Translate this sentence into Chinese.首次面对这个问题，是在首次面对这个问题，是在2003年年12月初我第一次为救世月初我第一次为救世军摇铃募捐的时候。军摇铃募捐的时候。D R _ Sentence 2Why did the boy ask su
5、ch a question?Because he was confused and curious.I can still see the confusion and curiosity in his eyes as he asked,“Are you poor?”How much did the boy know about the Salvation Army bell ringer?Obviously he knew nothing about that.D R _ Sentence 3How did the author think of the question?He thought
6、 it was difficult to answer.“Well,”I stammered,trying to think,“I have more than some people,but not as much as other.”What does the authors answer mean?This means he is neither poor nor rich.D R _ Sentence 4What is“social no-no”?Something that is socially inappropriate.His mother scolded him for th
7、e social no-no.Why did the mother scold her son?Because the author looked poor,the question was socially inappropriate to ask.What do many other people have?The material things.Please paraphrase this sentence.However,I have only occasionally felt the urge to go after the material things so many othe
8、r people have.Yet I feel nothing more than a passing whim to attain the material things so many other people have.D R _ Sentence 6What is the“can do”attitude?That is self confidence.And I love the“can do”attitude that follows.How do you understand this sentence?And I love the feeling of self confide
9、nce brought by brisk exercises.D R _ Sentence 7What was their relationship after her visit?Their relationship went sour.That is to say,they were no longer boyfriend and girlfriend.Shortly after her visit,our relationship went straight south.Why there was such a change in their relationship?Because t
10、he girl actually paid much attention to material things although she claimed that she was interested in what was on the inside,and after she went to the authors apartment,she found he was really poor.D R _ Sentence 8What is“a high-end TV”?A TV that is expensive and of high quality.There is a commerc
11、ial on the radio that begins,“Everybody wants a high-end TV”The pressure to purchase is real.It may be true that everybody wants a high-end TV.After all,nobody wants to be a nobody.What can be inferred from this part about what role commercials can play in society?Commercials can put people under pr
12、essure to purchase more than is really necessary.D R _ Sentence 9 Why does the author think so?Because December is the time for him to work for the Salvation Army as a bell ringer,which gives him a genuine sense of belonging and brings him happiness in helping others.December is the time of year I f
13、eel wealthiest.D R _ Sentence 10Over the past four years,Ive grown to understand more about myself because of a single question from a curious child.The boys question has helped him realize that,despite his lack of expensive possessions,he is rich in many other ways and should be thankful for that.H
14、ow has the boys question affected the author?Translate this sentence into Chinese.由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题，我在过去的四年由于一个好奇的孩子提了一个简单问题，我在过去的四年中对自己的了解进了一步。中对自己的了解进了一步。D R _ word _ confrontconfront:vt.The difficulties that confront us seem insuperable.1)(of a problem,difficulty,etc.)face(sb.)threateningly A maj
15、or difficulty that confronts international students is how best to judge the quality of a program in a foreign university.2)(of a person)face and deal with(a problem,difficulty,etc.)军人必须面对危险和死亡。军人必须面对危险和死亡。A soldier has to confront danger and death.Astronauts have to confront the unknown.D R _ word
16、_ be confronted withbe confronted with:be brought face to faceconclusions that can be confronted with experienceThe prisoner was confronted with his accusers.Language Points donation:n.money or goods given for a good causeThey made a generous donation to charity.他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。Collocation：献
17、血献血a blood donation捐赠捐赠make/give a donation允诺捐助允诺捐助promise a donationThe hospital receives a good deal of money in donations.D R _ word _ confusionconfusion:n.a state of uncertainty about what sth.means,etc.The enemy retreated in great confusion.他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。他们的突然到来打乱了我们的计划。Their unexpected arriv
18、al threw our plan into confusion.Collocation：非常慌张非常慌张covered with confusion乱七八糟，处于混乱状态乱七八糟，处于混乱状态in confusion使狼狈，使慌乱使狼狈，使慌乱throw into confusion该词的动词为该词的动词为confuse，confusing意思是意思是“令人困惑、令人困惑、迷惑的迷惑的”，confused意思是意思是“糊涂的、混杂的糊涂的、混杂的”。N.B.D R _ word _ curiositycuriosity:n.a strong desire to know about sth.
19、Just to satisfy my curiosity,how much did you pay for your car?Collocation：在好奇心驱使下在好奇心驱使下from/out of curiosity公然出头过问与自己无关的事公然出头过问与自己无关的事in open curiosity好奇伤身。好奇伤身。Curiosity killed a cat.We burned with curiosity over what was in the box.D R _ word _ stammerstammer:v.speak with a tendency to repeat ra
20、pidly the same sound or syllableIts cruel to make fun of people who stammer.他结结巴巴地道了谢。他结结巴巴地道了谢。He stammered his thanks.D R _ word _ denydeny:vt.There is no denying the fact that Japan began to invade China as early as the early 1930s.1)say that sth.is not true 2)refuse to admit or acceptHe denied k
21、nowing anything about their plans.D R _ word _ fill outfill out:add information such as your name and address in(a form or document)请把附表填好。请把附表填好。Please fill out the attached blank.It took me quite a while to fill out the questionnaire.D R _ word _ fall intofall into:belong to(a particular group of
22、things that have similar qualities)All whales fall into two groups,those with teeth and those without.理事会成员们意见相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营。理事会成员们意见相左，分成自由和保守两个阵营。The council members disagreed,falling into liberal and conservative camps.D R _ word _ nothing more thannothing more than:only,just这只不过是个杜撰的故事而已。这只不过是个杜
23、撰的故事而已。It is nothing more than a made-up story.Happiness is nothing more than good health and a bad memory.D R _ word _ attain 1attain:vt.succeed in achieving,esp.after a lot of effort我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。Im determined to attain my purpose at any cost.She attained her ambition of becoming a p
24、ilot.Collocation：达到目的达到目的attain ones goal有有岁了岁了attain the age of到达山顶到达山顶attain the top of a moutain这四个词都是动词，都有这四个词都是动词，都有“得到得到”、“获得获得”之意。之意。D R _ word _ attain 2get,gain,obtain&attainCF:get 是最普通的用语，可指通过任何方式的获得，多用于是最普通的用语，可指通过任何方式的获得，多用于 口语中。例如：口语中。例如：She got the highest score in fancy rope jumping.她
25、在花样跳绳中得分最高。她在花样跳绳中得分最高。gain 多指在竞争中获得，所得的东西往往是有用的或是所期多指在竞争中获得，所得的东西往往是有用的或是所期 待的。例如：待的。例如：I hope you will gain the victory this time.我希望你这次获得胜利。我希望你这次获得胜利。D R _ word _ attain 3By this method,we obtained a good result.obtain 是书面语，指靠他人或自己努力而得到，强调结果是书面语，指靠他人或自己努力而得到，强调结果 或目的。例如：或目的。例如：我们用这种方法获得了好结果。我们用这
26、种方法获得了好结果。Such a condition is very difficult to attain.attain 强调达到完美的地步。例如：强调达到完美的地步。例如：这样的情况是很难达到的。这样的情况是很难达到的。D R _ word _ minimalminimal:adj.very small in size or amount;as small as possible暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。暴风雨只造成极轻微的损失。The Ford CEO offered to work for a minimal salary of one dollar a year.The storm
27、did only minimal damage.该词的动词为该词的动词为minimize。反义词为反义词为maximal。N.B.D R _ word _ cherishcherish:vt.love(sth./sb.)very much and protect themShe cherished the child as though he were her own.Riding horses with my mother when I was a kid has become a cherished memory.Collocation：做做的美梦的美梦cherish fond dream
28、s of夙愿夙愿cherished desire热爱热爱cherish a deep love forD R _ word _ fabricatefabricate:vt.make up(a story,a piece of information,etc.)in order to deceive peopleHave you ever lied a little,or fabricated a story about yourself,to impress someone you meet the first time?她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。她缺席的借口显然是瞎编的。The excuse
29、 for her absence was obviously fabricated.D R _ word _ tickletickle:v.The comedian tickled the crowd with his jokes.It tickled her to think that her boss would dress up as a clown at the New Year party.1)amuse and interest2)move ones fingers on a sensitive part of anothers body in a way that makes t
30、hem laughShe tickled the boys feet and made him laugh.婴儿喜欢婴儿喜欢呵痒和拥抱呵痒和拥抱。Babies like to be tickled and hugged.D R _ word _ vitalvital:adj.very important,necessary,or essentialThe leaders vital and cheerful manner filled his men with courage.be vital to 对对极为重要极为重要Pattern:This point is vital to my arg
31、ument.D R _ word _ well offwell off:rich,or having enough money to live well The Communist Party of China will lead the Chinese people in building a well-off society.如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。如果他年轻时多努力一点，现在就能过得舒服些。If he had worked harder when young,he would be well off now.emotional:adj.connected with p
32、eoples feelingsNature has programmed us all with both physical and emotional needs.His emotional language reduced many of the audience to tears.D R _ word _ pursuitpursuit:n.the act of looking for or trying to findHe exercises every day in pursuit of health.我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作。We work hard
33、 in pursuit of happy life.Collocation：日常事务日常事务daily pursuits教育事业教育事业educational pursuit追逐利润追逐利润pursuit of profit追求幸福追求幸福in ones pursuit of happinessD R _ word _ out of placeout of place:feeling uncomfortable or not suitable in a particular situationYour jokes are out of place on such a solemn occasi
34、on.在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。在正式的舞会上，我感到局促不安，很不自在。At the formal party I felt very awkward and out of place.D R _ word _ in contrast toin contrast to:when a contrast is made toIn contrast to her sister,she is very tall.In contrast to his brother,he is always considerate of others.D R _ word _ consequence1
35、consequence:n.a result of sth.that has happenedJimmy experienced severe headache as a consequence of heavy drinking the night before.这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。这样一种错误可能导致灾难性的后果。Such a mistake would perhaps lead to disastrous consequences.Collocation：因而，结果因而，结果as a consequence因此，结果因此，结果in consequence的结果，因为的结果，
36、因为的缘故，由于的缘故，由于in consequence of有势力的，重要的有势力的，重要的of consequence自食其果，承担责任自食其果，承担责任take the consequencesD R _ word _ consequence2effect,result&consequence这三个词都是名词，都有这三个词都是名词，都有“结果结果”之意。之意。effect 表示由某种原因直接产生的某一结况。表示由某种原因直接产生的某一结况。result 表示某一事件的发生或某一行为所造成的结表示某一事件的发生或某一行为所造成的结 果，有果，有“最终的结果最终的结果”之意。之意。conse
37、quence 表示由于逻辑推断得出的结果，或由于某种表示由于逻辑推断得出的结果，或由于某种 原因、一些必要的条件而造成的结果。原因、一些必要的条件而造成的结果。CF:D R _ word _ consequence3Directions:Fill in the blanks with the words above.Change the form where necessary.1.The dilemmas that parents find themselves in today is a of changes in society.2.I tried to persuade him,but
38、 with little or no .3.One of the of this illness is that you lose your hair.4.It represents the of ten years labor.5.The high level of unemployment has produced harmful social .consequence_effect_effects_result_consequences_TV commercials today are more imaginative than they were 20 years ago.2.adj.
39、relating to businessHe left the commercial world to become a government official.商业函件商业函件commercial correspondencecommercial:1.n.an advertisement on TV or radioD R _ word _ focusfocus:v.concentrate(ones attention,etc.)on(sth.);concentrate(on sth.)The only way to attain your goals is to stay focused
40、and work hard.You should focus your attention on your work.D R _ word _ affluent 1affluent:adj.rich enough to buy things for pleasureIn an affluent society people can afford to strike a balance between work and life.自然资源丰富的土地自然资源丰富的土地land affluent in natural resourcesrich,wealthy&affluent这三个词都是形容词，都
41、有这三个词都是形容词，都有“丰富丰富”、“富有富有”之意。之意。CF:The rich get richer while the poor get poorer.富人更富，穷人更穷。富人更富，穷人更穷。rich 意为意为“有钱的有钱的”、“富有的富有的”，其程度超过正常需要，其程度超过正常需要 的，语气强烈；形容人时，指拥有大量金钱、财产，的，语气强烈；形容人时，指拥有大量金钱、财产，其引申义为其引申义为“富于富于”。例如：。例如：D R _ word _ affluent 2wealthy 指人、家庭或国家富有、安康、富裕；语气较缓，指人、家庭或国家富有、安康、富裕；语气较缓，程度可大可小。
42、尤指拥有大量财产、财富。例如程度可大可小。尤指拥有大量财产、财富。例如：Some wealthy people are likely to be philanthropists.有些富人往往是慈善家。有些富人往往是慈善家。Its our duty to build an affluent and civilized society in the new century.在新世纪建设一个富裕文明的社会是我们的义务。在新世纪建设一个富裕文明的社会是我们的义务。affluent 意意为为“富富裕裕的的”、“富富足足的的”，尤尤指指家家庭庭和和社社会会，在在 这一点上相当于这一点上相当于wealthy
43、，是较正式用语。例如：，是较正式用语。例如：D R _ word _ genuine1genuine:adj.real,trueIt appears to be genuine,but I have my suspicions about it.他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。他真心诚意地愿意帮助我们。He has a genuine desire to help us.real,true&genuine这三个词都是形容词，都有这三个词都是形容词，都有“真的真的”、“真正的真正的”之意。之意。real 普通用语，指真实的或与事实相符的。普通用语，指真实的或与事实相符的。true 强调客观事实与实际情
44、况相符合，兼有强调客观事实与实际情况相符合，兼有real的含义。的含义。genuine 指真实性是有据可查的指真实性是有据可查的。CF:D R _ word _ genuine2Directions:Fill in the blanks with the words above.Change the form where necessary.1.It is that the earth is round.2.Is this a Ming vase?3.This is a story of life.4.A mirage is not a object.5.silvergenuine_genui
45、ne_true_real_real_D R _ word _ go through1go through:experience(sth.difficult or unpleasant)Hes amazingly cheerful considering all that hes gone through.When he was a child,he went through one hardship after another.孩提时代孩提时代,他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。D R _ word _ go through2Directions:Choose the
46、 appropriate the translation for the expression“go through”in the following sentences.A.检查、审查、搜查检查、审查、搜查B.完成、做完完成、做完C.遭受、经历遭受、经历D.看完看完D_C_1.How long will it take to go through the book?2.Im flattered that you went through all this trouble just for me.3.They went through our luggage at the customs.4.
47、With great concentration she went through the movements.A _B _D R _ word _ linger 1linger:viHe lingered outside the school after everybody else had gone home.2)take a long time to leave or disappear 1)last or continue for a long timeThe beautiful melody is lingering in my mind.Before leaving Suzhou,
48、we took a last lingering look at the beautiful view.这三个词都是动词，都有这三个词都是动词，都有“停留停留”、“逗留逗留”之意。之意。D R _ word _ linger 2stay,remain&lingerCF:stay 是本组词中最普通的用语。或长期或短期，或永远或暂是本组词中最普通的用语。或长期或短期，或永远或暂 时地停留。例如：时地停留。例如：My car stays in the garage most of the week.我的车子一周大部分时间都停放在车库里。我的车子一周大部分时间都停放在车库里。remain 强调维持原来
49、的状态，表示强调维持原来的状态，表示“逗留逗留”时比时比stay更正更正 式些。例如：式些。例如：Little of the original architecture remains.原来的建筑现在留存很少了。原来的建筑现在留存很少了。这三个词都是动词，都有这三个词都是动词，都有“停留停留”、“逗留逗留”之意。之意。stay,remain&lingerCF:linger 意思是意思是“逗留逗留”、“徘徊徘徊”，尤指迟迟不愿离开的样，尤指迟迟不愿离开的样 子。例如：子。例如：He should have gone out,but lingered over his meal till it w
50、as too late to catch the train.他本该出门了，可还慢腾腾地吃饭，以致来不及赶火他本该出门了，可还慢腾腾地吃饭，以致来不及赶火车了。车了。D R _ word _ individualindividual:1.n.person considered separately from their societyThe welfare of the individual is bound up with the welfare of the community.rights of individuals个人权利个人权利 2.adj.of or for one person