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1、Ways of LearningUnit1Ways of LearningWays of LearningThe girl is given a hula hoop with instructions on how to use it.A Practical ExperimentTwo children are given hula hoops, a toy they are unfamiliar with.The boy is given a hula hoop but no instructions.What kind of outcomes do you expect?Ways of L
2、earning The girl to keep the hula hoop in motion by moving her body in certain ways.A Practical ExperimentTwo children are given hula hoops, a toy they are unfamiliar with. The boy the hoop and its big enough to step through. He then balances the hoop between two objects and practices kicking a ball
3、 through the hoop.How do you comment on these two outcomes?Ways of LearningBoth outcomes are good. The girl learns a useful play skill.The boy uses his hoop in a different, but equally playful way.Which one do you think is better in developing the childrens creativity?A Practical ExperimentTwo child
4、ren are given hula hoops, a toy they are unfamiliar with.Ways of LearningScanningScan paragraphs 1-5 and answer the following questions. 1. Where and when did the incident take place?(Jinling Hotel in Nanjing, spring 1987 )2. Who are the main charachers in this incident? ( author, his wife Ellen, th
5、eir son Benjamin, hotel staff )3. What did the boy do?( He carried the key around, shook it, and tried to put it into the key slot.)Ways of LearningScanningScan paragraphs 1-5 and answer the following questions. 4. What is the attitude of the author and his wife toward Benjamins efforts in inserting
6、 the key into the slot?(They were happy to allow him to play / explore.)5. What is the attitude of the hotel staff toward Benjamins efforts? ( They held his hand and taught him how to insert the key correctly )Ways of LearningScanningScan paragraphs1-5 and decide whether the following statements are
7、 true or false. 1. Benjamin was worried that he couldnt put the key into the box.FBenjamin was not bothered at all.( )2. In the Chinese staffs opinion, the parents should guide Benjamin to insert the key. T( )3. The author and his wife didnt care whether Benjamin succeeded in inserting the key into
8、the slot.T( )Ways of LearningQuestions and Answers1. How does the author introduce the topic in Text A?In this text, the author introduces the topic by the key-slot anecdote (轶事轶事).There are several ways to introduce a theme. 1. Stating the topic directly.2. Posing a question.3. Quoting a famous say
9、ing.4. Relating an anecdote or an incident. Ways of Learning2. Sum up the contrast between the attitude of the couple and that of the hotel staff toward Benjamins efforts in inserting the key into the slot. The couple: let him explore and enjoy himself.The hotel staff: held his hand and taught him h
10、ow to insert the key correctly. Contrast and comparisonA contrast brings out the differences between two or more things of the same kind, while a comparison the similarities between them.Ways of LearningUseful Expressions in Part11. elementary school 小学2. the most telling lessons 最难忘的体验 3. be attach
11、ed to. 被系在.上4. shake it vigorously 用力摇晃5. tender age 年幼6. be not bothered in the least 一点儿也不在意7. find ones way 到达；进入8. harmless exploratory behavior 没有害处的探索行为9. interesting phenomenon 有趣的现象10. lack of initial success 初试失败Ways of LearningUseful Expressions in Part111. attempt to assist 试图帮忙12. insert
12、/position/place the key 插入钥匙 13. somewhat expectantly 有所期待地14. on occasion 偶尔15. neglect parental duties 没有尽到当父母的责任16. be directly relevant to. 与.直接相关17. investigate sth. 调查18. throw light on . 揭示；提供线索Ways of LearningDifficult sentences1.But one of the most telling lessons Ellen and I got in the dif
13、ference between Chinese and American ideas of education came not in the classroom but in the lobby of the Jinling Hotel where we stayed in Nanjing. (para.1)Ways of LearningDifficult sentences2.Because of his tender age and incomplete understanding of the need to position the key just so, he would us
14、ually fail. (Para.3)3.Any Chinese staff member nearby would come over to watch Benjamin and noting his lack of initial success, attempt to assist. (para.4)Ways of LearningDifficult sentences4.The “teacher” would then smile somewhat expectantly at Ellen or me, as if awaiting a thank you and on occasi
15、on would frown slightly, as if considering us to be neglecting our parental duties. (para.4)Ways of LearningQuestions and Answers1. Read the first sentence of both Para 6 and Para 7, and decide what method of comparison and contrast is used here.Para6: Chinese colleagues show him what to doPara7: Am
16、ericans let the child explore and try to teach him to solve problems by himself.One-side-at-a-time method.（整体对比法）Ways of LearningPoints for Comparison/ ContrastChineseAmericans1) Ways to learn to accomplish a task2) Attitudes to creativity and skillsShow a child how to do sth.,Teach by holding the h
17、andTeach children that they should rely on themselves to solve problemsWays of LearningComparison and contrast can be organized in two major ways:One-side-at-a-time method (整体对比法): examine one subject thoroughly and then start the other.A1, A2, A3,.; B1, B2, B3,.Point-by-point method (逐项对比法): examin
18、e two subjects at the same time, discussing them point by point.A1, B1; A2, B2; A3, B3;.Ways of Learning3. Read from Para 11 to Para 13. Which method of comparison and contrast is used here?Point-by-point method.Para 11Priorities Westerners: boldest departures - traditionChinese: tradition a point o
19、riginalPara 12Fears Chinese: skills creativity Americans: creativity skillsPara 13Overstate Chinese: enormous creativityThe West: a danger of exaggerate Ways of LearningPoints for Comparison/ ContrastChineseAmericans1) Ways to learn to accomplish a task2) Attitudes to creativity and skillsShow a chi
20、ld how to do sth.,Teach by holding the handTeach children that they should rely on themselves to solve problemsGive priority to develop skills at an early age, believing that creativity can be promoted over time.Put more emphasis on fostering creativity in young children, thinking skills can be pick
21、ed up later.Ways of LearningThere are many ways to conclude an essay. How does the author end this text?A) Restating the main points previously mentioned.B) Proposing a solution.C) Quoting from some book or person.D) Predicting future developments.Multiple ChoiceE) Making a suggestion in the form of
22、 a question. Ways of LearningUseful Expressions in Para6-719. with a few exceptions 除了少数人/少数情况外20. the ultimate purpose 最终目的21. the desired action 要做的动作22. a desirable outcome 所希望的结果23. accomplish the task 完成任务24. in due course 到时候25. the critical point was that. 关键在于. 26. solve a problem effectivel
23、y 有效地解决问题 27. a principal value of child rearing 首要的一条育儿观28. make up for a misdeed 弥补错误行为Ways of Learning2. Read Para8-10. Tell the main idea of this part.Further study on the Chinese way of teaching children by holding their hands.29. in retrospect 回想起来30. it becomes clear to me that 我清楚地意识到31. wel
24、l-intentioned observers 善意的观察者32. come to ones rescue 帮助某人33. guide sb. with extreme facility and gentleness 极其熟练地、轻轻地引导34. continual molding and shaping 不断地塑造和引导35. apply (equally) to . （同样）适用于36. work on/at doing . 从事，做某事Ways of LearningUseful Expressions in Para11-1337. reversal of priorities 颠倒了
25、优先次序38. boldest departure 大胆的背离（传统）39. be inseparable from. 离不开40. evolve to. 发展到41. summarize the position 概况立场42. originality and independence 创新和自立43. harbor fear 心怀担忧44. no comparable hurry to do 不同样着急做45. promote creativity 促进创造力的发展46. emerge 出现47. pick up skills 获得技能Ways of LearningUseful Expr
26、essions in Para11-1448. overstate ones case 夸大其辞49. enormous creativity 巨大的创造力50. artistic innovations 艺术革新51. exaggerate creative breakthroughs 夸大创新突破52. assuming that the contrast is valid 假定对比是成立的53. worthwhile goals 值得追求的目标54. a superior way to . 更好的方式Ways of LearningTranslation on Page191. 背离传统
27、需要极大的勇气。 主语 谓语 宾语 to make a departure from the tradition句型：It + v. + (sth.) + to do . It + be + adj. + to do. It takes an enormous amount of courage to make a departure from the tradition.Ways of LearningTranslation on Page192.汤姆过去很腼腆，但这次却非常勇敢能在大庭广众面前上台表演了。 Tom used to be very shy, but this time he
28、was bold enough to give a performance in front of a large audience. or: so bold that he could give Ways of LearningTranslation on Page193. 很多教育家认为从小培养孩子的创新精神是很可取的。 (Many educators think that) It is desirable to foster the creative spirit in the child at an early age.4. Assuming (that) the painting r
29、eally is a masterpiece, do you think its worthwhile to buy it?5. If the data is statistically valid, it will throw light on the problem we are investigating.Ways of LearningTranslation on Page 20 To improve our English, it is critical to do more reading, writing, listening and speaking. Besides, lea
30、rning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. Without an enormous store of good English writing in your head you cannot express yourself freely in English. (If you don not store an enormous amount of good English writing )Ways of LearningTranslation on Page 20 It is
31、also helpful to summarize our experience as we go along, for in so doing, we can figure out which way of learning is more effective and will produce the most desirable result. As long as we keep working hard on it, we will in due course accomplish the task of mastering English.Ways of Learning671 2
32、8934 10 5 Across1. help to develop2. join one thing to another3. young, gentle4. basic5. a particular timeDown6. very important7. afraid8. better than others9. main, chief10. extremely largeWays of Learning You probably think you will never be a student. This is not necessarily so, however. Anyone c
33、an become a better if he or she wants to. It is true that you may not be about everything that you study, but by using your time properly you may improve your grades without work. Heres how: 1. carefully. 2. Find a good place to study. 3. before you read.Spot Dictationscholar_top_enthusiastic_additional_Plan your time_Scan_ 4. your time in class. 5. Study 6. Develop about tests. There are other that might help you with your studying. Only a few have been mentioned here. You will probably discover many others after you have tried these.Make good use of_regularly_.a good attitude_techniques_