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1、Handouts and Key to book4 unit 1-4Unit 1Active reading(1)Looking for a job after university?First,get off the sofaBackground informationThis is an article by an E ducation Correspondent,Alexandra Blair,published inSeptember 2008 in The Timesy a long-established British quality newspaper.In E urope g
2、enerally,and inBritain in particular,for a number of years there has been a rising numberof students who go to universityand therefore more new graduates seeking employment.However,for manygraduates finding a job becameharder in 2008-2009 because the economic downturn-then a recession-meant that man
3、y employers werereducing their workforce.After theirfinal exams,some students rested in the summer before looking for jobsand then they found that it was difficult to find employment in their fieldor at the level they wanted.Thearticle addresses the problems of such new graduates who might be stucka
4、t home and advises their parentsto be there for their children(ie to be available if their children wantto talk about the problem or if theyneed help).The article recommends finding work in a bar or supermarketrather than sitting unemployedat home since this is more likely to lead to better employme
5、nt later.Thestyle is partly of a report,but alsoof a humorous comment for light entertainment(seen in the jokey languageand problem-solving advice toparents).Why finding a job in 2008 is so difficult for university graduates?Universities in E urope,particularly in Britain,have expanded greatlyin the
6、 last fifteen years(over 45%ofyoung adults now go on to higher education),so there are more graduateslooking for jobs.This competitivesituation became a lot worse in 2008 onwards with the credit crunch andeconomic depression,which meantthat there were fewer jobs available and a rise in unemployment.
7、Thus newgraduates have to be activeto seek a job,they need to fill in many application forms and try to getjob interviews:they won,t findemployment by lying on the sofa at home.Culture pointsT raditionally,in the British university system,BA andBSc honours degrees are awardedin different categories:
8、a first class degree(written using R oman numbersas I),a second(divided into twosubcategories,written as Ilii and Ilii,which are called a two one”and“a two two”),a third(written III)anda pass degree.Most people get a second.T here are also ordinary degreeswith more general courses of studywithout th
9、ese categories.T he main idea here is that there is a successionof different generations orcohorts of adults who come into the workforce in N orth America which aregiven different informal namesto characterize them.First,“Baby boomers“were born in the greatincrease(the boom)of births after WorldWar
10、II(1946-I960),followed by u G enerat ion X people(born 1960-1980)who were said to bring newattitudes of being independent,informal,entrepreneurial,and expectedto get skills and have a career beforethem.G enerationYor the Millenial G eneration”(born 1980s and1990s and becoming adult in the newmilleni
11、um)are now making up an increasing percentage of the workforce;they are said to be spoilt by dotingparents,to have structured lives,to be used to teamwork and diversepeople in a multicultural society.Inthe passage,this generation is now becoming(morphing into)G enerationG runt,which is an ironic nam
12、ereferring to repetitive,low status,routine or mindless work-this maybe the only work available to somegraduates,who may have to take very ordinary jobs to get experience beforethey find something moresuitable.G runt”also refers to coarse behaviour or bad manners andto the deep sound that is made by
13、 a pig;when people“grunt”they express disgust but do not communicate withwords-this may be how the parentsof new graduates think their children communicate with them!A refers to a British type of secondary school which becamepopular in thel960s.Before thatthere were academic grammar schoolsv and mor
14、e general asecondarymodern“schools for those who didnot pass the grammar school entrance tests,but the comprehensive schoolswere designed for all students ina social philosophy of bringing diverse students together whether theywere academic or not.Those studentswho went to a comprehensive school pro
15、bably felt that had to studyparticularly hard(I worked my backsideoff)to get to university,compared to those who went to grammar schoolswhere all students were academic-comprehensive students felt they hadto struggle to get to university.This refers to a large yellow costume that someone wears which
16、makes the person look like agiant chicken.Before he became a famous actor,Brad Pitt once dressedin such a costume when he had a jobadvertising for a restaurant called E l Polio Loco(The Crazy Chicken,in Spanish)-the job meant that he hadto walk around the streets like a chicken to attract customers
17、to cometo the restaurant.Language points1 Those memories of forking out thousands of pounds a year so that he could eatwell and go to theodd party,began to fade.Until now.(Para 1)The parents paid a lot of money for their son s university fees and livingexpenses(so that he could eatwell)and for occas
18、ional social events-at graduation these memoriesof money were mostly forgottenbecause the parents were proud.But now the parents are thinking of moneyagain because the son doesn thave a job and doesn,t seem to be actively seeking one.2 This former scion of Generation Y has morphed overnight into a m
19、ember ofGeneration Grunt.(Para 2)The distinguished son of G eneration X (of the parents generation whoworked hard,got jobs,and hadgood careers and expected their son to do the same)has changed into amember of G eneration G runt-hedoesnJ t seem to communicate much,lies around and doesn t get a job(or
20、can only do a low status routingjob).3 1 passed the exams,but at the interviews they accused me of being*toodetached and talking inlanguage that was too technocratic which 1 didn-t think possible,but obviouslyit is.(Para 5)He passed the entrance exams for a government post,but he was criticizedin th
21、e selection interviews:They said he was detached(not personally involved)and too technocratic(he used the language of atechnical expert or high authority).As a new graduate he probably wantedto show his expertise in hislanguage so he can t understand this criticism.4 For the rest it is 9-to-5 chilli
22、ng”before heading to the pub.(Para 6)The others who do not have a routine low status job(like stacking goodson a supermarket shelf)chill outall day(they spend their time casually relaxing-they don,t look forwork)and go to pub for a drink in theevening.5 I went to a comprehensive and I worked my back
23、side off to go to a gooduniversity.(Para 6)He went to a school for students of all abilities(not to a special schoolfor academic students)and so hehad to work very hard to enter a good university:Your means yourbottom-the part of yourbody that you sit on-to is informal and it meansyou work very hard
24、 indeed.6 but having worked full-time since leaving school herself,she and herhusband find it tricky toadvise him on how to proceed.(Para 7)The mother has always had a full-time job(presumably the father is alsoworking full-time),so she doesnot have relevant personal experience.For her,it is tricky
25、to give advice(difficult to do).7 Carry on life as normal and dont allow them to abuse your bank account orsap your reserve ofemotional energy.(Para 11)The advice from Gael Lindenfield here is that parents should live as usual.They should neither let theirchildren spend the parents moneyunnecessaril
26、y,nor let the problem take away all their energy andemotions.Sap their means use up their store of emotional energy.8 After that the son or daughter needs to be nudged firmly back into the saddle.(Para 12)Then the parents should gently push their children firmly so that theyget back into control of
27、their lives.Reading and understanding2 Choose the best answer to the questions.Teaching tipsGo over the correct answers with Ss and ask them to explain why the otheranswers are wrong(Seebelow).1 W hy hasn t Jack Goodwin got a job yet?(a)He doesn,t have a very good degree.(No,he has a 2:1 which is co
28、nsidered a good degree.)(b)He refuses to apply fbr jobs with low salaries.(He feels he should get a better job after studying at university.)(c)It isn t easy to get a job in the current financial climate.(This may be true but the passage does not mention th is.)(d)He prefers to stay at home and help
29、 his family.(No,he doesn,t seem to be helping his fanii ly:he watches TV and talksto friends.)2 How does he spend a typical day?(a)Doing a temporary job.(No,some of his friends are working in temporary jobs but he doesn*twant to do th is.)(b)Watching television*(He watches TV a lo t,)(c)Queuing up i
30、n the university careers service.(No,he went there once but he didn t want to queue so he walked away.)(d)Preparing for the next job interview.(No,he doesnf t seem to be preparing for interviews.)3 How do most of his friends spend the day?(a)They do nothing all day and go to the pub in the evening.(
31、Al l except one of them do nothing except chi 11,then they go to the pub.)(b)They do outdoor activities such as sailing.(No,none of them seem to do outdoor activities;there is no mention ofsailing.)(c)They are forced to work by their parents.(No,only one of them has been forced out to stack shelves
32、by his parents;the otheis seem to be likeJack.)(d)They do part-time jobs such as working in a bar.(No,the text mentions bar work but none of Jack,s friends seem to dothis work.)4 How are Jack s parents helping him?(a)By looking for jobs for him.(No,Jack has tried to get.a job himself;there,s nothing
33、 here about hisparents helping him look for ajob.)(b)By paying for a trip to South America.(No,although he is going on a three-week trip to South America,thepassage does not say thatJack*s parents have paid for th is.)(c)By gradually making him more financially aware.(The passage does not say so exp
34、licitly,but this is the impl icat ion aboutthe cut-off point after thetrip when he may be expected to pay rent and contribute to the householdbills.)(d)By threatening to throw him out of the house.(No,they havenr t threatened to do this,but they definitely want himto work after he gets back fromhis
35、trip.)5 What does Gael Lindenfield say about Jack,s parents?(a)They have not really understood Jack s problems.(No,she doesn,1 say this;she says they must balance being positive withnot making life toocomfortable.This doesn,t mean they havenJ t understood Jack sproblems.)(b)They have made life too c
36、omfortable for Jack.(No,she says they must balance comfort with being positive.This doesny tnecessarily mean that theyhave already made 1ife too comfortable for Jack.)(c)The approach they have chosen is the right one.(She says they have struck exactly the right note.)(d)They need help from a psychol
37、ogist.(No,she doesn,t say this.)6 What do Whoopi Goldberg,Bruce Willis and Brad Pitt have in common?(a)They all did bar work before going to university.(No,we don t know from the passage if any of them did this.)(b)They took part in protests against nuclear power plants.(No,we don t know is any of t
38、hem did this)(c)They learnt to act by dressing up as giant chickens.(No,only Brad Pitt did this.)(d)They all did temporary jobs at one stage in their lives.(This is right,although they all had completely different temporaryjobs.)Dealing with unfamiliar words3 Match the words in the box with their de
39、finitions.1 to make progress by moving to the next stage in a series of actions orevents2 the process of changing from one situation,form or state to another(transition)3 not feeling involved with someone or something in a close or emotionalway4 referring to something which will happen soon5 to be s
40、itting still in a position that is not upright6 to return to a previous state or way of behaving7 to say what happened4 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 3.It isn,t easy to make the(1)from a busy university studentto an unemployed young adult(2)on a bar stool or h
41、alf watching a mindless television show,wondering if and how their careeris going to(3).Many people who have experienced a long periodof inactivity like this,when(4)how they felt at the time,refer to the same strangepsychological effect.As the days pass,they begin to feel(5)from any sense of pressur
42、e to go and lookfor a job,and tend to regard(6)interviews as if they were not very important.Typically,back at home after three or fouryears away,they(7)to old habits,start seeing old friends,and,in many cases,become dependentagain on their parents.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct for
43、m of the words in the box.You may need to makeother changes.1 I went to a mixed-ability secondary school just outside London,(comprehensive)2 I got stopped by a policeman who asked to see my driving licence.3 Have you seen this beautiful from the air view of Oxford?4 Isabel tightly her bag as she wa
44、lked down the corridor towards the office,(clutched)5 Y ou should speak to Toby;he s an supporter of flexible working hours,(advocate)6 I hurt my leg badly a couple of months ago,and it still hasn t gotbetter completely.6 Answer the questions about the words.1 Is a dead-end job one with(a)exciting p
45、rospects,or?2 Is a tricky problem,or(b)easy to solve?3 If an activity saps all your energy,do you feel,or(b)moreactive than usual?4 Does a pushy person try to,or(b)help you bylistening to what you have to say?5 If you feel apathy,do you want to(a)change the world,or?7 Answer the questions about the
46、phrases.1 Is fork out(a)a formal,or?2 If you are in the same boat as another person,are you(a)making the samejourney together,orthe same difficult or unpleasant situation?3 If you feel you have come full circle,do you,or(b)feel a senseof satisfaction because you have completed something?4 If someone
47、 takes a soft line,do they deal with a person,or(b)in alazy way without making a decision?5 If you strike the right note about something,are you expressing yourself(a)we,or(b)badly?6 If you do something by all meansy do you,or(b)not care about it?7 If you nudge someone back into the saddle,are you e
48、ncouraging them toor(b)take it easy?8 If you talk through a problem with someone,do you,or(b)referto it quickly and then change the subject?Reading and interpreting8 Answer the questions.1 Will he ever get a job?”Who is asking this question?What mood doesit express?The parents are asking this becaus
49、e the paragraph is addressed to parents(earlier it says uyour graduateson).The mood seems to express patience or resignation because the word“ever suggests that gettinga job wi11 take a long time.2 Who describes Generation Y as urebels without a cause?Is it a fairdescription?This is the writer s des
50、cription to indicate that this general ion isrebelling against parents or society,but they have nothing particular to rebel against.This doesn t.seem veryfair because the students aretrying to find work-it is just that they don t like their parentsnagging them.So they are a bit rebelliousagainst the