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1、初中英语语法八大时态初中英语语法八大时态一一般现在时一一般现在时1.1.结构结构肯定句式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他否定句式:主语+（助动词）dont/doesnt+动词原形+其他一般疑问句式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does(否)No,主语+do/does not缩写形式:dont=do notdoesnt=does not例句：例句：He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2.2.用法用法1 1）表示经
2、常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。常用的频度副词有：常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes,every week(day,year,month),once a week,on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。例如:He often goes swimming in summer.I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning.2 2）表示主语具备的性格
3、、特征和能力等。）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football.My sister is always ready to help others.Ann writes good English but does not speak well.3)3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。例如：The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.4 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。）表示按计划或安排好的，
4、或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。但只限于但只限于 start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place 等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.He comes back tonight.5 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。来要发生的动作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back.If
5、you take the job,they will talk with you in greater details.二一般过去时态二一般过去时态1.1.结构结构肯定句式:主语+动词过去式+其他否定句式:主语+（助动词）didnt+动词原形+其他一般疑问句式:Did+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+did(否)No,主语+did not基本结构否定句一般疑问句第第 1 1 页页 共共 9 9 页页Be 动词行为动词was/were+notwas/were 提前，放于句首didnt+do(动词原形）Did+主语+do（动词原形）2.2.用法用法1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间
6、里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状语表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间里所发生的动作或情况。常和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,yesterday,justjust now,now,thethe otherother day,day,inin 1982,1982,ago,ago,anan hourhour ago,ago,longlong longlong ago,ago,thethe dayday beforebefore yesterday,yesterday,lastlastweek(year,night,month),at the age of 5,one day,once u
7、pon a timeweek(year,night,month),at the age of 5,one day,once upon a time等连用等连用例如：Where did you go just now?After a few years,she started to play the piano.2 2）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与）表示在过去，经常或反复发生的动作。常与 often,alwaysoften,always 等表示频度的副词连用。等表示频度的副词连用。例如：When I was a child,I often played football in the
8、street.我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。3 3）一般过去式也可与）一般过去式也可与 today,this week,this month,this yeartoday,this week,this month,this year 等表现在的时间状语连用，但这些时间状等表现在的时间状语连用，但这些时间状语须指过去的时间，决不包含语须指过去的时间，决不包含“现在现在”“”“此时此刻此时此刻”的意思。的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看见他了吗？三一般将来时三一般将来时1.1.结构结构结构 1：肯定句式：主语+助动词 will+动词原形+其他否定句式：主语+助
9、动词 will+动词原形+not+其他一般疑问句式：助动词 Will+主语+动词原形+其他简单回答：在口语中，will 在名词或代词后常缩为ll，wii not 常简缩为 wont。在疑问句中，主语为第一人称时（I 和 we）时，常用助动词 shall。例如：Shell go to play basketball.Shall we go to the zoo?结构 2：肯定句式：主语+be going to+动词原形+其他否定句式：主语+be not going to+动词原形+其他一般疑问句式：Be+主语+going to+动词原形+其他简略回答：（肯）Yes,主语+be（否）No,主语+b
10、e not2.2.用法用法1 1）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与）表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与 tomorrow,tomorrow,nextnext day(week,day(week,month,month,year),year),soon,in asoon,in a few minutes,by,the day after tomorrowfew minutes,by,the day after tomorrow 等连用。等连用。例如：Ill meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2 2）、表示说话人对于
11、将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用于）、表示说话人对于将来的看法、假设和推测，通常用于 be afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,thinkbe afraid,be/feel sure,hope,know,think等后面的从句或与副词等后面的从句或与副词 perhaps,possibly,maybeperhaps,possibly,maybe等连用。等连用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper.Maybe shell go to the gym.将来时其他表示法1 1）be going tobe going to 表示将来表示将
12、来第第 2 2 页页 共共 9 9 页页表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情。表示说话人的打算、计划、安排或根据迹象判断必然或很可能发生的事情。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow?The play is going to be produced next month。注意：注意：be going tobe going to 和和 willwill 之间的区别。之间的区别。在时间上：be going to 通常表示马上要发生或相当快就要发生的事情；而 will 不指明任何具体时间，可以指遥远的未来。He is going to b
13、e better.He will be better.计划/临时：两者都表示意图时，be going to 含有预先计划、准备的意思；will 则指未经过预先思考或计划，是临时的一种决定。What are you going to do next Sunday?Im going to go fishing.Where is the telephone book?Ill go and get it for you.两者都用于预测时，be going to 意指有迹象表明某件事将要发生，属客观的推测；will 则意指说话人认为/相信某件事将要发生，属主观的推测。在条件状语从句中，be going
14、to 表将来,will 表意愿。例如：If you are going to make a journey,youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Miss Gao will tell you the answer if you ask her.2 2）“be to+be to+动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。动词原形”表示客观安排或受人指示而将要做某事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.3 3）be about to+be about to+动词原形，意为马上做某
15、事。不能与动词原形，意为马上做某事。不能与tomorrow,next weektomorrow,next week 等表示明确将来时的时间等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用，多于状语连用，多于 whenwhen 引导的时间状语连用。引导的时间状语连用。例如：He is about to leave for Beijing.四现在进行时四现在进行时1.1.结构：结构：am/is/are+动词的现在分词2.2.用法：用法：1 1）表示现在表示现在（指说话人说话时）（指说话人说话时）正在发生或进行的动作。正在发生或进行的动作。常与常与 now,right now,at this moment,at th
16、isnow,right now,at this moment,at thistime,these daystime,these days 等时间状语连用等时间状语连用。注：如果句首有警示性动词 look、listen 等，主句的动词也与现在进行时连用。例如：We are waiting for you now.Listen!The bird is singing in the tree.2 2）.表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。表示现阶段（说话前后一段时间内），一直在进行的活动。说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：Mr.Green is writing a
17、nother novel.他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）He is thinking about this problem.这些天来他一直在考虑这个问题。3 3）.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，常与 always,constantly,foreveralways,constantly,forever 等词连用，往往带有说等词连用，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind.第第 3 3 页页 共共 9 9 页页4 4）.表示尚未完成的渐变过程，这样的动
18、词有：表示尚未完成的渐变过程，这样的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,beginget,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。等。例如：The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.5 5）、表示移位的动词，如）、表示移位的动词，如 go,come,leave,start,arrivego,come,leave,start,arrive 等，其现在进行时可表将来。等，其现在进行时可表将来。例如：Im leaving tomorrow.明天我要走了。The train is
19、arriving soon.火车要到了。注：不能用进行时态的动词类别举例感官类See,look,smell,hear,taste,notice,feel感觉类Love,agree,like,hate,want,fear,wish,prefer认知类Believe,think,understand,forget,remember存在类Appear,exist,lie,remain占有、从属类Have,own,contain,belong,possess,consist of短暂动作类Accept,receive,admit,decide,promise,give,finish五现在完成时五现在完
20、成时1.1.结构：结构：肯定句肯定句：主语+助动词 have（has）+动词过去分词-ed否定句：否定句：主语+助动词 have（has）+not(havent,hasnt)+动词过去分词-ed一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have(Has)+主语+动词过去分词-ed+？特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+主语+动词过去分词-ed+？2.2.用法用法含义：现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。1 1）现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如如
21、already,yet,just,before,recently,latelyalready,yet,just,before,recently,lately等等Mr.Wang has just come back from America.王先生刚从美国回来。I havent seen much of him recently(lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?现在完成时中的时间状语：already 通常用于肯定句中，意为已经，位于行为动词之前,be 动词、助动词之后。有时可放
22、在疑问句句尾，表示惊讶。例如：We have already cleaned the classroom.Have you finished it already？yet 用于疑问句中表示已经；用于否定句中，表示还(没)。例如：Has he found his watch yet？他还没找到他的表吗？No,not yet.是,还没有。ever 意为曾经，常用于疑问句或否定句中，位于助动词和过去分词之间，表示从过去到目前为止的时间。例如：Have you ever been there？你曾经去过那里吗？Nothing has ever happened here.这里未曾发生过什么事。neve
23、r 意为（曾经）从未、没有,是否定副词，在句中位于助动词和过去分词之间。ever 与否定词not 连用相当于 never。例如：第第 4 4 页页 共共 9 9 页页I havent ever spoken to her.=I have never spoken to her.我从未跟她讲过话。just 意为刚刚,用于现在完成时,表示行为刚刚过去,位于助动词与过去分词之间。e.g.He has just come back from school.他刚从学校回来。just now 意为刚才,表示过去某时,用于一般过去时,位于句首或句尾均可。e.g.He came from school jus
24、t now.他刚才从学校回来。for 和 since 的用法及区别。for 与一段时间连用，since 与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。e.g.I have been to Shanghai twice since 1970.I havent seen her since she left Shanghai.I saw Ping Ping six years ago.Since I havenever seen her.have/has gone to、have/has been to 和 have/has been in 的区别。have/has gone
25、 to去了,在去某地的路上或在某地,人还未回来have/has been to曾经去过,人已经回来了have/has been in已经在,常与一段时间连用e.g.She has been to Shanghai before.她以前曾去过上海。She has been in Shanghai for ten years.她在上海 10 年了。Has he gone to Qingdao?他去青岛了吗？但不能说 Have you gone to Qingdao?2 2）、现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有）、现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有 f
26、orfor 或或 sincesince 等表示一段时等表示一段时间的状语。间的状语。如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.I havent seen much of him recently(lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet?3 3）、现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。）、现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:come/go/arrive/g
27、et/reach/move-be in/atopen-be opendie-be deadclose-be closedbecome-beborrow-keepput on-wearbuy-haveleave-be away(from)begin/start-be onfall asleep-be asleepend/finish-be overcatch a cold-have a coldjoin the army-be in the army,be a soldierjoin the Party-be in the Party,be a Party member例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。
28、例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years.Jim has had this pen since two years ago.Jim has had this pen since 2007It is two years since Jim bought this pen.4 4）.在表示在表示“最近几世纪最近几世纪/年年/月以来月以来”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。in the past few years/months/weeks/da
29、ys；over the past few years;during the last three months;for thelast few centuries,through centuries;throughout history 等5 5）.表示表示“第几次做某事，第几次做某事，”或在或在“It is the best(worst,most interesting)+“It is the best(worst,most interesting)+名词名词 that”that”后面跟现在完后面跟现在完成时。成时。例：This is my first time that I have vi
30、sited China.This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.第第 5 5 页页 共共 9 9 页页That is the only book that he has written.6 6）have/has been to+have/has been to+地点地点 意为意为“曾去过某地曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。，暗含目前已不在该地仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。have/has gone to+地点“到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。如：He has gon
31、e to Shanghai.他去了上海。He has been to Shanghai.他去过了上海。六过去完成时六过去完成时1.1.结构：结构：助动词 had动词过去分词2.2.用法：用法：1 1）、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常）、表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已完成的行为或存在的状态。即发生的时间是过去的过去。常与与“by the end of/by/before+by the end of/by/before+过去时间过去时间”构成的短语连用。构成的短语连用。例如：The train had already left before we
32、 arrived.He said that he had learned some English before.By the end of last term,we had learned five English songs.2 2）表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作；常用）表示在过去某一动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作；常用 when,before,afterwhen,before,after 等引导的从句作为等引导的从句作为动作发生时间先后的对比，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。动作发生时间先后的对比，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的动作用一般过去时。
33、When I got to the railway station,the train had already left.当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了His father had worked in a TV factory for five years before he came here.爸爸来这之前，在一家电视机厂工作了 5 年。3 3）表示过去未曾实现的计划、表示过去未曾实现的计划、愿望等。愿望等。这种用法中常用的动词为这种用法中常用的动词为 hope,want,plan,wish,expect,think,hope,want,plan,wish,expect,think,int
34、end,mean,supposeintend,mean,suppose 等等。例如：We had hoped that you would come,but you didnt.那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。I had thought that all knew about it.我以为他们都知道这件事呢。七过去进行时七过去进行时1.1.结构：结构：was/were+动词的现在分词(-ing)2.2.用法：用法：1 1）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时）表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或发生的动作。动作发生的特指时间常用一个短语或时间
35、状语从句来表明，如：间状语从句来表明，如：at this time yesterdayat this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterdayat 7:00 yesterday，last night,from seven to nine,atlast night,from seven to nine,atthat timethat time 以以 whenwhen 或或 whilewhile 引导的时间状语从句等。引导的时间状语从句等。My family were watching TV at that time yesterday.When I arrived,Tom
36、 was talking on the phone.What were you doing at 9:00 oclock yesterday morning.注意：（1）以when 引导的时间状语从句中，从句动作，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。第第 6 6 页页 共共 9 9 页页When he called me,I was having dinner.（2）以 while 引导的时间状语从句中，从句与主句的动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，while 常译为“当的时候，同时”。Tom was doing his homework while his sister wa
37、s watching TV.2 2）、表移动的动词，如）、表移动的动词，如 come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,returncome,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return 等词的过去进行时，可以表示过等词的过去进行时，可以表示过去将要发生的动作。去将要发生的动作。例如：She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday.八过去将来时态八过去将来时态表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个将来时间绝不会延伸到现在；而仅限于过去时间区域内。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一
38、个表示过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：1.1.结构结构a)would/should+动词原形b)was/were going to+动词原形2.2.用法用法1 1）、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接）、表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用于主句是一般过去时的宾语从句或间接引语中。引语中。例如：He said that he would finish his work before 9 oclock.他说他会在九点之前完成工作。When I thought about it,I wondere
39、d what their reaction would be.当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。2 2）、表示过去的某种习惯性动作，只能用）、表示过去的某种习惯性动作，只能用 wouldwould。例如：Whenever he has been in trouble,we would give him a hand.每当他遇到困难时，我们总会伸出援助之手。3 3）表示过去情况中的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句。）表示过去情况中的愿望、倾向，多用于否定句。No matter how difficult the work was,he would keep on doing it until
40、he accomplished it.不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing.他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。Even after the lecture ended,the audience would not leave.甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。选择1.1.The population of the world _ still _ now.（2009甘肃兰州）A.has;grownB.is;growingC.will;growD.is;grown2.2.-Good even
41、ing.I _ to see Miss Mary.（2009甘肃兰州）-Oh,good evening.Im sorry,but she is not in.A.have comeB.comeC.cameD.had come3.3.Its time for dinner.Where is your father,Emma?He _ his bike in the yard.（2009新疆阜康）A.cleanB.cleanedC.is cleaning D.will clean4.4.If youcarefully,youthe report well.（2009广州）A.will listen
42、;will be understoodB.will listen;understandC.listen;will understandD.listen;understand第第 7 7 页页 共共 9 9 页页5.5.Theyabout eight hundred English words by the end of last term.（2009广州）A.will learnB.had learnedC.are going to learnD.have learned6.6.How did the accident happen?（2009广州）You know,itdifficult t
43、o see the road clearly because it.A.was;was rainingB.is;has rainedC.is;is rainingD.will be;will rain7.7.Attention,please.Therea football game between China and Korea this evening.A.is going to beB.has beenC.hasD.will have8.8.What does your sister like doing in her spare time？Shewatching TV.（2009湖北武汉
44、）A.likesB.likedC.has likedD.had liked9.9.WhenJessyto New York？Yesterday.（2009湖北武汉）A.does;getB.did;getC.has;gotD.had;got10.10.How clean the bedroom is!（2009湖北武汉）Yes,I am sure that someoneit.A.cleansB.cleanedC.has cleanedD.had cleaned11.11.My friend _ me.I have to leave now.（2009河北）A.waits forB.waited
45、 forC.is waiting forD.was waiting for12.12.Be sure to let Tom know the notice as soon as he _.（2009河北）A.will arriveB.was arrivingC.arrivesD.arrived13.13.I _ the wrong thing.Can I use your eraser?（2009河北）A.writeB.wroteC.am writingD.will write14.14.-Are you going to help John with his Chinese this eve
46、ning?（2009山东威海）-NO,He _ to England.He will be back next month.A.returnedB.has returnedC.returnsD.will return15.15.-Whos won the first prize in the competition?（2009山东烟台）-Henry_.He has _ it for a week.A.is,wonB.is,gotC.has,hadD.has,been given16.16.-Is this the place that you _?（2009四川成都）-No.Ive never
47、 been there before.A.have visitedB.will visitC.are visitingD.would visit17.17.It _ outside.Youd better take an umbrella with you.（2009江西）A.rainsB.is rainingC.rainedD.has rained18.18.-Can I help you?（2009江西）-I bought this watch here yesterday,but it _ work.A.wontB.didntC.doesntD.wouldnt19.19.I used t
48、o love this film when I was young,but I _ it that way any more.（2009江苏南京）A.dont feelB.didnt feelC.havent feltD.hadnt felt20.20.-How was your trip to the ancient village?（2009湖北宜昌）-Fantastic!We _to a museum of strange stones.A.goB.wentC.are goingD.will go21.21.Where is Peter?（2009湖南娄底）Hevolleyball wi
49、th his friends in the school gym.A.playsB.playedC.is playingD.was playing22.22.-Hello!Can I speak to Mr.White?（2009江苏无锡）-Sorry,he isnt here right now.He _ to the theme park.A.will goB.was goingC.has goneD.has been23.23.-_ you _ your drawing?（2009陕西绥德）第第 8 8 页页 共共 9 9 页页-Not yet!It will be done in a
50、few minutes.A.Did;finishB.Will;finish C.Do;finish D.Have;finished24.24.She _ as an animal trainer since 2003.（2009.北京）A.has workedB.worksC.will workD.have worked25.25.They _ her to the party,so she was very happy.（2009.北京）A.inviteB.invitedC.will inviteD.are inviting26.26.Mr.Green _ to the manager no