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1、GrammarGrammar构词法构词法(一一)(Word FormationWord Formation)高考英语语法总复习高考英语语法总复习If you meet the new words while reading,what will you do?Its not always necessary to understand the meaning of every word,just go on reading!Guess the meaning!When we deal with the problems in reading comprehension,we can use Wo
2、rd Formation to help us,but the context(上下文，语境上下文，语境)is also very important.根据根据构词法构词法猜词猜词1.I will not make friends with a dishonest person.2.When the little boy finished,his father was speechless.3.A bad-looking pickpocket stole my wallet.首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律,其其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。如次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。
3、如:un-,im-,mis-,-less,-ness等。等。小小结结dis+honest 不诚实的不诚实的speech+less 说不出话的说不出话的pick+pocket 扒手扒手构词法构词法派生法派生法（Derivation）合成法合成法(Compounding)转化法转化法（Conversion）缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation）able unable;teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v.visit n.Do it yourself.DIY合成词合成词 Compoundpain-killercolor-blindsleep-walksl
4、eep-walker一、一、合成法合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。一个新词。合成词汇展厅合成词汇展厅一一.合成合成名词名词 seafood greenhouse二二.合成合成动词动词 overcome whitewash三三.合成合成形容词形容词 snow-white man-made四四.合成合成副词副词 however;anyway五五.合成合成代词代词 something;everything六六.合成介词合成介词 within insidefire+figh
5、ter=firefighter friend+ship=friendshippasser+by=passer-bywell+known=well-knownsea+side=seaside Make compound words after the models.A:passer,well,sea,fire,friend,B:side,fighter,ship,by,known,Model:part+time=part-timePractice I二、二、转化法（Conversion）：指一个词不变词形，而由一种词类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。tasten.味道v.尝起来It has a go
6、od taste.It tastes very good.hand n.手手v.递送递送.We always walk hand in handPlease hand me the book.名词转化为动词名词转化为动词形容词转化为动词形容词转化为动词名词转化为形容词名词转化为形容词副词转换为动词副词转换为动词 telephone电话打电话slow 慢的放慢front前面前面的down 向下击倒hand手 交给warm 暖的使温暖black 黑色黑色的back向后后退record 录音记录 empty 空的倒空noble 贵族高贵的up 向上提高date 日期 定日期better 较好 改善k
7、ey 钥匙 关键的name 名字 命名cool 凉爽 使冷face 脸 面对 动词转化为名词动词转化为名词动词转化为形容词动词转化为形容词形容词转化为名词形容词转化为名词一些形容词前加一些形容词前加the后转换为名词后转换为名词 drink 喝饮料perfect 使完善完美的 chief 主要的首领the wounded受伤的人们 study 学习书房fit 适合 适合的first 第一的 第一个the blind盲人们look at have a look at wrong 错误的 错 误the beautiful美丽的东西 转化法例释三、三、派生法派生法 Derivation指在词根上加上
8、前、后缀构成另一个与原意略有变指在词根上加上前、后缀构成另一个与原意略有变化或截然相反的词化或截然相反的词派派生生法法前缀前缀后缀后缀名词后缀名词后缀形容词后缀形容词后缀副词后缀副词后缀动词后缀动词后缀否定前缀否定前缀其他前缀其他前缀加前缀：加前缀：happy-happy-_happyhappy 加后缀：加后缀：develop-develop-developdevelop_既加前缀又加后缀：既加前缀又加后缀：employ-employ-_employemploy_注意:派生词的前缀一般只改变词义,不改 变词类;后缀一般只改变词类,不引起 词义变化.unmentunment派生词派生词（deri
9、vation）Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning?Do you sometimes oversleep?1.over-:too muchoverwork,overeatabove sth;across overcoat,overheadSome important prefixes:The trains are _ on Friday evenings.(crowded)overcrowded He enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en-动词前缀动词前缀enable,endan
10、ger,Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrich常见的常见的否定前缀否定前缀中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理中学英语课本中有许多单词带有否定前缀，如果能理解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助解这些否定前缀的含义，使用和记忆单词是很有帮助的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了的。否定前缀加在一个词的前面就完全改变或否定了这个词的原来意义这个词的原来意义。前前 缀缀意意 义义用用 法法例例 词词un-不，未（=not)加在形容词或副词前unhappy,unnecessary,unexpected,unusual,相反动作加在动词前un
11、cover,untie,unlock,undressin-，il-im-，ir-不，非，无加在形容词或其派生的名词或副词前 incomplete,impossible.impolite,irregular,inability,dis-表示否定加在名词或形容词前dishonour,羞辱 表示相反加在动词前dislike,disbelieve表示分离剥夺除去加在名词或动词前discharge,排出 dismiss解雇 mis-表示错、误加在名词、动词或及其派生词前mistake,misfortune,不幸 misunderstanding误解Some important suffixes:-men
12、t,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等等sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightensharp adj.sharpen v._strength _ bright Practice IIGuess the meaning of the underlined words1.Many countries import most of the oil they use.2.He studied biophysics at college.3.It is very important to learn how to cooperate w
13、ith others.4.All your luggage will be transported to the destination by train.5.My cousin has an excellent voice.Her dream is to become a superstar.进口进口生物物理学生物物理学合作合作运输运输明星明星四、四、缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation）DVVIPSOSWWWDigital VideoVery Important PersonSave Our ShipWorld Wide WebPractice Makes Perfect!rain(形容
14、词形容词)_ agree(反义反义)_ nation(形容词形容词)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ back(形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ home(形容词形容词)_ eight(序数词序数词)_ true(名词名词)_ America(形容词形容词)_ China(形容词形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomel
15、esstruthChineseu请请做下列高考真做下列高考真题题。1.(2013)That would be a very _(reason)thing to do in a big city.思思路路点点拨拨：reasonable 在在名名词词前前作作定定语语要要用用形形容容词词。真真题题再再练练2.(2013)But such a small thing couldnt _(possible)destroy a village.思思路路点点拨拨：possibly 修修饰饰谓谓语语动动词词destroy作作状状语语，用用副副词词。注注意意：以以-ble接接尾尾的的形形容容词词，其副，其副词词
16、形式通常是将形式通常是将ble改改为为bly。3.(2012)For some reason he sat beside Mary.Mary felt _(please),because there were many empty seats in the room.But she quickly realized that it wasnt her 思思路路点点拨拨：pleased 在在系系动动词词felt后后作作表表语语，用用形容形容词词，表示，表示“高高兴兴的的”。4.(2007)We drank together and talked _(merry)till far into the
17、 night.思思路路点点拨拨：merrily 修修饰饰动动词词talked作作状状语语，用副，用副词词。5.(2011)He must be _(mental)disabled.思思路路点点拨拨：mentally 修修饰饰分分词词形形容容词词作作状状语语，用副用副词词。6.(2010)His teacher took a deep drink，smiled _(warm)，and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.思思路路点点拨拨：warmly 修修饰饰动动词词smiled作作状状语语，用用副副词词形式。形式。Use your
18、 imagination,youll get a different world.想象给生活插上翅膀，想象给生活插上翅膀，让我们在学习的天空中让我们在学习的天空中越飞越高！越飞越高！1.Write out the original words.unchangeable adj._ dislike v._ impossibility n._ unfriendly adj._overwork v._ misunderstanding n._athletic adj._ misread v._translator n._ changelike possiblefriendlook understan
19、dathletereadtranslate2.给下列单词加上前缀给下列单词加上前缀dis-,un-,in-或或im-,构构成意思相反的词。成意思相反的词。1.agree _plete _3.healthy _ 4.important _5.able _ 6.cover _ 7.known _8.practical _9.tidy _ 10.perfect _11.visible _ 12.fit _disagree incompleteunhealthyunimportantunablediscover/uncoverunknownimpracticaluntidyimperfectinvisibleunfitThank you!