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1、09特 殊 句 式 2022英语备考纠错笔记一.纠错一 倒装句中助动词、系动词、情态动词的缺失或主谓不一致（1）【误】Only when he was 30 years old he begin to learn English.正Only when he was 30 years old did he begin to learn English.分析 当 only和所修饰的状语位于句首时，引起部分倒装，根据语境可知，主句应用一般过去时，故倒装后应提取助动词did。【误】Next door to ours lives a foreign couple,who seem to have set
2、tled into life in China.【正】Next door to ours live a foreign couple,who seem to have settled into life in China.分析 此句是完全倒装结构，句子的真正主语是a foreign couple,故谓语动词用复数形式live。注意 造成以上错误是因为对倒装句掌握不牢，建议加强对考点一的学习。纠错二 强调句型与三大从句（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句）的误用【误】Its more than half a century that my grandfather joined the Party a
3、nd became a servantof the people.【正】Its more than half a century since my grandfather joined the Party and became aservant of the people.分析 此句是“It isd一段时间+since”句型。注意 造成以上错误主要是对强调句型的判断方法（详参考点 二 第 4 点）认识不清而致，强调句型与三大从句的区别：（1）与名词性从句区别：强调句型去掉Itis/was和 that之后，句子结构仍然完整，语义通顺，而名词性从句却不能。It is there that acci
4、dents often happen.（强调句）正是在那儿经常发生事故。It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language4名词性从句）英语作为一门国际语言正被广为接受是个事实。（2）与定语从句区别：强调句中that没有语义，且不作任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。Il is novels that Miss William enjoys reading.（强调句）威廉小姐喜欢读的是小说。It is a question that needs careful co
5、nsideration.（定语从句）这是一个需认真考虑的问题。（3）与时间状语从句区别：强调句型去掉It is/was和 that后，结构完整，而 It is.when.中，it指代时间。It was at six oclock that I got up today.（强调句）今天我是在六点起的床。It was six oclock when I got up today.（时间状语从句）今天我起床时已六点了。纠 错 三 省略句中to的缺失【误】She was reading in bed,and her mother told her not.【正】She was reading in b
6、ed,and her mother told her not to.分析 动词不定式在 like,love,care,want,hope,wish,expect,prefer,refuse,decide,mean,血end,try,promise等动词后作宾语时，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式后的内容，但要保留不定式符号tOo 注意 加强对考点三“不定式的省略”部分的学习。纠错四 感叹句中what与how的误用【误】You simply cant imagine how a wonderful time we have been having!正 You simply cant imagine
7、what a wonderful time we have been having!分析 句意：你们简直无法想象我们过得有多么愉快！注意 加强对考点四第3 点“感叹句”的学习，要熟知其结构，了解how修饰的中心词为形容词或副词，而 what修饰的中心词为名词。纠错五 祈使句、反意疑问句中的常见错误（1）【误】They dont believe she is an engineer,isn*t she?【正】They dont believe she is an engineer,do they?分析 当主句的主语为二、三人称时，其反意疑问句应与主句一致，与从句无关。（2）【误】Study ha
8、rd,or youll succeed.【误】Studying hard,and youll succeed.【正】Study hard,and youll succeed.JE Studying hard,youll succeed.分析 本句要么用“祈使句+and/or/olherwise+简单句”结构，因逗号前后为并列递进关系，故应用and；要么用非谓语动词作状语的形式,但必须有主句，故将Study改为Studying,并将and去掉。注意 反意疑问句的错误主要集中在对肯定、否定及人称把握不准上；祈使句的错误主要集中在“祈使句+and/or/otherwise+简单句”的句型与非谓语动词
9、的混淆上。二.真题演练1.（2018.匕 京）In any unsafe situation,simply the button and a highly-trained agentwill get you the help you need.A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed【答案】A【解析】考查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，仅仅掘一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的特工就会使你得到你需要的帮助。and是连词，连接并列结构，and后面是一个句子，那么，前面也应是句子，选项中只有动词原形可以构成祈使句，其余的都是非谓语动词，无法构成句子。故 A 选项正
10、确。2.（2018.天津）It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we sawLily in the passenger seat.A.which B.that C.when D.where【答案】B【解析】考查强调句。句意：只有当汽车在我们房子前停下来我们才看到在乘客位置的莉莉。这里考查强调句，强调句型结构为：It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。本题强调时间状语only when the car pulled up infront of our
11、house o 故选 B。3.（2019.天津）The professor warned tie students that on no account use mobilephones in his class.A.should they B.they should C.dare they D.they dare【答案】A【解析】考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare do,根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。4.（2020.全国卷 II.语法填空）This
12、is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 62（carry）special significance.【答案】carries【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants,fruits and flowers,所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。5.（2020.全国卷 III.短文改错）My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples.don*t【公案】My dad d oesn t帆加【解析考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以dont改成doesnt。