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1、赢在起点英4语音知识：音素是最小的发音单位。字母分为元音字母和辅音字母。元音字母：a.e.i.o.u辅音字母在单词中的读音可以通过以下几种方法得到:(1)掐头法学读音：Ff LI M m Nn Ss Xx读以上辅音字母名称音，将其第一个音去掉，余下的音即为该字母在单词中的读音:Ff e f e f 去 余f LI e l e 1 去e 余1M m e m e m去 余m Nne ne n 去 余nSs e s e s 去e 余s Xx e k s e k s 去e 余k s(2)去尾法学读音：B b C c D d Jj Kk Pp Tt Vv Zz读以上辅音字母名称音，将其后面的音去掉，余下
2、的音即为该字母在单词中的读音:B b b i:b i:去i:余b C c s i:s i:去i:余s D ddi:di:去i:余 Jjd3e i dW e i去e i余d3Kk k e ik e i去e i余k Pp pi：p i：去:余pTtti:去i:余田Vv v i:Jv i:去i:余v Zz z i:z i：去i：余口(3)对比法学读音：G g鸽子汉语鸽,英语g g g H h喝水汉语喝,英语h h h Y y医生汉语医，英语j j jW w乌鸦汉语乌，英语w w w R r日头汉语日，英语r r r 汉语拼音声母：b pm f dtl ng k h jq x英语辅音字母：b p m
3、f d t l n g k h j c h s h辅音字母的读音跟汉语拼音声母的发音-样，辅音字母在英语单词中都有其固定的读音。元音字母长短一音对照表:元音字母aei0u长音同因画网短音 e i 3：w元音字母就好比语文里的多音字，同一个字在不同的词语里读不同的声音:英语单词都是由元音字母和辅音字母组合而成。我们想认读单词必须先搞清楚单词的结构。单词的结构：元辅结构（由一个元音字母加上若干个辅音字母构成的单词）辅 元 结 构（由若干个辅音字母加上一个元音字母构成的单词）元辅e结 构（由一个元音字母加上一个辅音字母再加上一个不发音的字母e构成的单词）拼读规则：元音字母在元辅结构的单词中发短彩。元
4、音字母在辅元结构的单词中发长宣。元音字母在元辅e结构的单词中发长音。*以上都是只含有一个元音字母的单词，拼读单词请遵循以下步骤：1.先判断单词的结构，单词的结构可根据定义来判断。2.确定单词结构中的元音字母的读音。3.从左到右依次读出每个字母的读音。元音字母发四声。4.将每个字母的读音合并起来并快速读出。英语音标表（英语国际音标表，dj音标）单元音短元音i Q 3 11 A e 长元音i:3：u:a:双元音e i ai o i au au pa EQ ua清浊成对的辅音清辅音p t k f 0 s ts tr f tj浊辅音b d g v d z dz dr 3 d3其它辅音h m 11 ij
5、 1 1 jw 把下列的音标分类。长元音：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _短元音：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _清辅音：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
6、 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _浊辅音：_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _二、选出下面划线部分发音不同的单词。/i：/d/dz /e /z /a：/u/ua/s /w /3：/?)/e i/tr /1/o /g /v /a:/dr /h /e a/A /au/u:/9 /s u/
7、is /b /j/D /m /2i/t/ts /P/t f/3 /f /ai/d 3/6/n/i/k /r /1、()A.cak eB.f ace C.appl e D.l ate2、()A.m eB.l e g C.b e d D.s e t3、()A.h utB.r ul e r C.duck D.cup4、()A.cl o ck B.h o t C.g o D.s o ck5、()A.h e adB.de ad C.de af D.s e a6.()A.th ink B.M e an C.B ank D.th ank7.()A.no wB.no C.ink D.nam e8.()A.h
8、o urB.h is C.h e r e D.h ide9.()A.k no wB.k nif e C.k no ck D.b ik e10.()A.z o o sB.de s k s C.ch air s D.to y s-Z 2.、从下列四个选项中选出所给单词的正确读音。()1.s e tA、/s e t/B、/s it/C、/s o t/D、/s f f it/()2.co ur tA、/k ut/B、/k s ut/C、/k o:t/D、/s it/()3.b e tte r A、/b e t 3:/B、/b史to/C、/b e ta:/D、/b e ts /()4.duckA、/d
9、A k/B、/cte k/C、/duk/D /du:k/()5.tankA、/s 到 k/B、/tir jk/C、/te g k/D、/t r)k /()6.m o us e A、/m aus/B、/m aus/C、/m us /D /m A s/()7.cr yA、/s r ai/B、/k r ai/C、/k r i/D、/k r e i/()8.w h e r e A、/w io /B、/w i:/C、/h e o/D /w e。/()9.de e pA、/di:p/B、/dip/C、/de p/D、/do p/()10.e ch c,A、/o k au/B、/e k。/C、/e k o
10、u/D /岔k o u/四、根据音标，写出正确的单词。/b e。/w ait/h e d/e l if o nt/史pl /k i:p/m aus /f i:t/de s k /语法及练习1 be动词B e 动词的用法：(1)口诀：我用am,你用are,is连着他她它，单数名词用is,复数全用are。变疑问往前提，句末问号莫丢弃;变否定更容易，be后 not莫忘记；疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。(2)肯定和否定句 I am(not)from London.He is(not)a teacher.She is(not)in the dining room.My hair is(not)long
11、.Her eyes are(not)small.(3)一般疑问句 Am I a Chinese?Yes,you are.No,you arent.Are they American?Yes,they are.No,they arent.Is the cat fat?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.一、在 下 面 的 短 文 中 填 上 恰 当 b e 动 词。I a girl.My name Mary.I in Class 2,Grade 7.112 years old.Here my family photo.Look!These my parents andthose my gr
12、andparents.This boy my brother.He 15 yearsold now.That my cat,Mimi.It very lovely.二、在 下 面 的 题 目 中 填 上 恰 当 的Be动 词。(注 意Be动词的时态)1.1 from Australia.2.She a student.3.Jane and Tom my friends.4.My parents very busy every day.5.there a Chinese school in New York?6.There some glasses on it.7.There many monk
13、eys in the mountain.8.There a beautiful garden in our school.9.1 at school just now.10.He at the camp last week.11.We students two years ago.12.They on the farm a moment ago.13.Yang Ling eleven years old last year.14.There an apple on the plate yesterday.15.There some milk in the fridge on Sunday.16
14、.The mobile phone on the sofa yesterday evening.17.There some water in the glass.18.There some bread on the table.19.Where your friends yesterday?20.How old you last year?21.Which dog yours?22.Ten and two twelve.23.A:Where the post office.B:It behind the building.24.A:you miss Black?B:Yes,I.25.It a
15、shirt,i t(not)a skirt.26.There a big playground in our school.27.There many books in my schoolbag.28.There some fish in the box.29.there any chairs in the classroom?30.Youd better early next time.用恰当的be动 丽1.1 a b o y.y o u a boy?No,I not.2.The girl Jacks sister.3.The dog tall and fat.4.The man with
16、big eyes a teacher.5.your brother in the classroom?6.Where your mother?She at home.7.How your father?8.Mike and Liu Tao at school.9.Whose dress this?10.Whose socks they?11.That my red skirt.12.Who I?13.The jeans on the desk.14.Here a scarf for you.15.Here some sweaters fbr you.16.The black gloves fb
17、r Su Yang.17.This pair of gloves for Yang Ling.18.The two cups of milk fbr me.19.Some tea in the glass.20.Gao shan,s shirt over there.21.My sistefs name Nancy.22.This not Wang Fangs pencil.23.David and Helen from England?24.There a girl in the room.25.There some apples on the tree.26.there any kites
18、 in the classroom?27.there any apple juice in the bottle?28.There some bread on the plate.29.There a boy,two girls,three men and ten women in the park.30.You,he and I from China.31.I a cute baby.32.He a good boy.33.She a beautiful girl.34.They good friends.35.W e pupils.36.It a little mouse.三.仿照例句改写
19、下列句子。例句：She is in Class One,Grade Two.否定句：She is not in Class One,Grade Two.一般疑问句：Is she in Class One,Grade Two?回答：Yes,she is.(No,she isnt)1.Bob is on the football team.否定句：一般疑问句：回答:2.They are in the teachers office.否定句：一般疑问句：回答：3.It is sunny today.否定句：一般疑问句：回答：4.There is some water in the bottle.否定
20、句：一般疑问句：回答：5.There is a piano in the room.否定句：一般疑问句：回答：6.There are many trees in the school.否定句：一般疑问句：回答：7.There are four bottles of milk on the table.否定句：-一 般疑问句：回答：8.We are interested in painting.否定句：一般疑问句：回答：语法及练习不 冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分 为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、不定冠词：a、a n o 用在单数名词前，表 示“-一个，一件”。an 用
21、在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。如：an e-m ail,an o ran g e,an o l d m an,an E n g l ish watch,an h o ur.2、定冠词：th e o 用在单数或者复数名词前。th e 没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。它的基本用法：(1)用来表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：T h e m ap o n th e wal l is n e w.(2)表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：L o o k at th e p icture,p l e ase.(3)表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：T h is is a stam p.T h e
22、stam p is be autif ul.(4)用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：th e sun 太 阳 th e m o o n 月 亮 th e e arth地球(5)用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如:th e G re at W al l 长城(6)用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。如：th e C h an g j ian g R ive r长江(7)此外，序数词、形容词最高级、乐器名称等词前面和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词 th e。如：th e f irst day,th e be st bo y,p l ay th e p ian o,in th e sam e cl ass确
23、定用a、an 还 是 th e 时可根据汉语意思。1、用 a 或 an 填空。_ U”_ ice-cre am _ g o al k e e p e r _ te ap o tap p l eE n g l ish bo o ko f f iceun it_ h o ur_ um bre I l a _ _ an t2、根据需要，填写冠词a,an 或 th e。(1)W h o is g irl be h in d tre e?(2)o l d m an h as two ch il dre n,so n an d daug h te r.(3)T h is is o ran g e.o ra
24、n g e is L ucy s.(4)H e l ik e s p l ayin g g uitar.W e h ave sam e h o bby.(5)W e al l h ad g o o d tim e l ast S un day.(6)S h e wan ts to be do cto r.语法及练习3：人称代词和物主代词人称代词和物主代词1 .人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第个动词之前（有时候位于th an 之后）,宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。2 .物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别：形容词性用忖后面般要带上名词，名词性则单独使用，后面不带名词。1 .当第二人称与第一人
25、称并用时，第二人称在前，第一人称在后。例如：Y o u an d I are n o t te ach e rs.我和你都不是老师。2 .当第三人称与第一人称并用时，第三人称在前，第一人称在后。例如：H e a n d I d o n t k n o w M a r y.我和他都不认识玛丽。3 .当单数第一、二、三人称并用忖，第二人称在前，第三人称次之，第一人称在后。例如:Yo u,h e a n d I a r e i n t h e s a me c la s s,你、我、他在同一个班里。4 .当几个第三人称并用时，通常是代词在前，名词在后；男性在前，女性在后。例如：H e a n d R
26、 o s e a r e i n C h i n a.罗斯和他在中国。5.当复数第一、二、三人称同时并用时，第一人称在前，第二人称次之，第三人称在后。例 如:W e,y o u a n d t h e y a r e g o o d s t ud e n t s.我们、你们、他们都是好学生。特别提醒：在承认错误、承担责任时，第一人称要当先，第三人称跟后面。如：I a n d K a t e a r e la t e f o r s c h o o l t o d a y,我和凯特今天上学迟到了。“秘笈”：人称代词并列现，注意顺序礼貌见。二一、三一、二三、第一人称最谦虚。若把错误责任担，第人称最
27、当先。I t 用法最广泛，天/时/距 离/代前提。（说明：i t 可代表天气、时间、距离等，如：I t i s f i n e t o d a y.今天天气很好。一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词；如无，就用名词性物主代词。请牢记下表:人称代词物主代词单数复数单数复数主格宾格主格宾格形容词性名词性形容词性名词性第一人称Imew eUSmymi n eo uro ur s第二人称youyouyouyouyouryoursyouryours第三人称hehimtheythemhishissheherherherstheirtheirsitititsits用所给词的适当形式填空。1.Pa
28、ss (I)the knife,please.2.Please give (we)the homeworks.3.Can I use (you)bike?4.(it)are Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,5.Are (this)your stamps?6.That is n o t kite.That kite is very small,b u t is very big.(I)7.The dress is.Give it to.(she)8.Is this watch?(you)No,i t s not.(I)9.is my brother._name is Jack.Loo
29、k!Those stamps are.(he)10.dresses are red.(we)What colour are?(you)11.Show your kite,OK?(they)12.1 have a beautiful cat.name is Mimi.These cakes are.(it)13.Are these tickets?No,are n o t_._ arenJ t here.(they)14.Shall have a look at that classroom?That is classroom.(we)15.is my aunt.Do you know job?
30、a nurse.(she)16.Where are?I can t find.Let s call parents.(they)17.Don,t touch.not a cat,_ a tiger!(it)18.siste r is ill.Please go and get(she)19.The g irl behind is our friend.(she)20.This isnt kni f e.i s green.(she)21.These are your books,Kate.Put in the desk,please,(they)22.must look after thing
31、s.(you)23.They want a football.Give the green one,please.(they)24.Wei Fang,is that ruler?Yes,its.(you)25.Here are many dolls,which one is?(she)26.I can find my toy,but whe r e s?(you)27.M y uncle has a daughter.He loves (she)very much.28.Tommy has a cute cat.(it)name is Kitty.29.Are there (some)read
32、ing rooms in this building?30.-U like collecting coins very much.-(I)too.31.-Is t h e r e(s o m e)water in the bottle?-Yes,there is.32.That is not c a me r a.i s at home.(he)33.62.-Whose books are these?-T h e y r e(th e y),I think.34.-How many students h a v e(t h e y)birthdays in May?-No one.35.Wh
33、afs the matter wi t h?Do you have problems with homework?(you)36.dont know her name.Would you please tell.(we)37.So many dogs.Lefs count.(they)38.1 have a lovely b r o t h e r.i s only 3.1 like very much.(he)39.May I sit bes i de?(you)40.Look at that desk.Those book are on.(it)41.The girl behind is
34、our friend,(she)42.Mary works in a book store._ likes _ work very much.43.John and I are in the same school._ go to school together.44.Everybody likes that sport,do _?45.She is a friend o f _.We got to know each other two years ago.46.Her sister makes all own dresses.47.1 have many friends.Some o f
35、are good at English.48.May I use bike?_ is broken.49.Everybody is here except Ann and friend J a n e.a r e in the library now.50.Who can help _ (she)to carry the box?51.Mum,we are very hungry.Give (we)some bread,please.52.This is my puppet.That*s _(you)puppet.53.Open the door for(I),please.54.Today
36、is _(she)birthday.55.David got a computer from (he)parents.56.This is your classroom._(our)is next to the teachers，office.不定代词不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将儿个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：_1.some与 any的区别_1)some多用于肯定句，表 示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。.Look!Some of the students aig cleaning the li
37、brary.,.Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表 示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。.If you have any questions,please ask me._There isnt any orange in the bottle._Have you got any tea?_3)any和 some也可以作代词用，表 示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。.How many people can you see in th
38、e picture?.I cant see any._If you have no money,Ill lend you some.注意：与 some,any 结合的诃如 something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相同。2.few,a few,little,a little 在用法上的区别.1)用作形容词：义用法表示肯定表示否定用于可数名词a few虽少，但有几个few不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词a little,虽少,但有一点little不多，没有什么Im goin
39、g to buy a few apples.He can speak only a little Chinese.,There is only a little milk in the glass.He has few friends.They had little money with them.2)a little和 little也可以用作副词,a little表 示“有点,稍微”，little表 示“很少北.Pm a little hungry.(修饰形容词 hungry).Let him sleep a little.(修饰动词 sleep),Mary,go a little 物 st
40、er,please.(修饰副词比较级，She slept very little last night._ 情态动词：1、任何主语+can/may/must+动词原形 2、主语+can t/may not/mustn t+动词 原 形 3.Can/May/Must+主语+动词原形？4、疑问词+can/may/must+主语+动词原形？非谓语动词(是固定搭配)1.like+to do 不定式/doing 动名词 2.want to do sth.3.love to do 4.wouldlike to do sth.5.enjoy doing sth.6.thanks for doing 7.st
41、op doing sth 8.let sb.do sth.She w a n ts(h a v e)a party.Does he l i k e(s w i m)?Thanks f o r(e n j o y)CCTV show.She never s to p s(ta lk).like 一词的用法like用作及物动词，译为“喜欢(1)后接名词或代词，表示喜欢某人或某物。如：I like the baby very m uch.我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v.-in g),表示“喜欢做某事”，着重于习惯、爱好。如：Tom likes playing football.汤姆喜欢踢足
42、球。(3)后接动词不定式(t。d。)，表示“偶尔地喜欢做某事”，着重于某次具体的行为。如：I like reading,but I like to watch TV this evening.我喜欢读书，但我今晚想看电视。名词+s所有格单数名词后直接加“s”：Jims co a t吉姆的外套Jeffs mother杰夫的妈妈以 s 结尾的复数名词，只加Teachers,Day 教师节 the twins books 双胞胎的书不以S结尾的不规则的名词复数，加Children s Day 儿童节 men s shoes 男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时，只在最后一个名词后加SLucy and Lilys
43、 mother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈，一个妈妈)表示两者各自拥有时，要在每个名词后加sLucys and Kates rooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间，两间房子)语法及练习4 名词单数与复数一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下，直接加-s,如：book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2.以 s.x.sh.ch 结尾,力口-es,如：bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加-e s,如：family-families,strawberry-strawber
44、ries4.以 f或 fb结 尾,变 f 或 fb为 v,再加-e s,如：knife-knives5.不规则名词复数：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese练习：写出下列各词的复数。Ihimthisherwatchbookchildphotodiarydayfootdresstoothsheep
45、boxstrawberrythiefyo-yopeachsandwichmanwomanpaperpeople用所给单词的正确形式填空。1.How many(sheep)are there on the hill?2.There is some(food)in the basket.3.The baby has only two(tooth)now.4.There is a lot of(water)in the bottle.5.There are five(people)in his family.6.Let，s take(photo),OK?7.I have lots o f(t o m
46、 a t o)here.8.The(leaf)on the tree turn yellow.9.T h e i r (dictionary)look new.10.There are many(fox)in the picture.11.Different people may have different(idea).12.Would you like some(tomato)?13.Jim has some (knife).14.The girl under the tree is a friend of _(Lucy).a happy one.(be)一般现在时15.His famil
47、y语法及练习5一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍一般现在时的功能1 .表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。一般现在时的构成1.be动词:主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。当主语为第三人称单数(he,she,it)时，要在动
48、词后加“-s或“-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。一般现在时的变化1.be动词的变化。否定句:主语+be+not+其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑问句：Be+主语+其它。如：-Are you a student?-Yes.I am./No,I*m not.特殊疑问句:疑问词+般疑问句。如：Wliere is my bike?2.行为动词的变化。a.当主语为第三人称单数时，肯定陈述句的谓语动词用单三形式：动词三单的变化规则：1.一般情况下，直接加$如：cook-cooks,milk-milks2.以 s.x.sh.ch.o 结尾，力
49、 口-es,如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i,再加l-e s,如：study-studies练习：写出下列动词的第三人称单数。drinkgostaymakelookhavepasscarrycomewatchplantflystudybrushteachb.否定句：主语+donT(doesnt)+动词原形(+其它)。$0：I donft like bread.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn*t构成否定句。如：He doesn often play.一般疑问句：Do(Does)+主
50、语+动词原形+其它。如：-Do you often play football?-Yes,I do./No,I dont.当主语为第三人称单数时，要用docs构成一般疑问句。如：-Does she go to work by bike?-Yes,she does./No,she doesnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?句型变换对照表：肯定句否定句般疑问句及回答T h e y w a t c h T V a t si xe v e r y d a y.T h e y d o n t w a t c h T V a t si