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1、基础考研作文修炼：新概念必背作文Parti(2010-04-14 11:13:46)转载标签：分类：考研写作专题杂谈L esson 14 A noble gangster 贵族歹徒There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago hadto pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for protection.Ifthe money was not paid promptly,the gangsters would quickly put a manout
2、 of business by destroying his shop.Obtaining J protection money，isnot a modern crime.As long ago as the fourteenth century,an Englishman,Sir John Hawkwood,made the remarkable discovery that people would ratherpay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.Six hundred years
3、 ago,Sir Johan Hawkwood arrived in Italy with a bandof soldiers and settled near Florence.He soon made a name for himselfand came to be known to lh。Ilalians as Giovanni Aculo.Whenever theItalian city-states were at war with each other,Hawkwood used to hirehis soldiers to princes who were willing to
4、pay the high price he demanded.In times of peace,when business was bad,Hawkwood and his men would marchinto a city-state and,after burning down a few farms,would offer to goaway if protection money was paid to them.Hawkwood made large sums ofmoney in this way.In spite of this,the Italians regarded h
5、im as a sortof hero.When he died at the age of eighty,the Florentines gave him astate funeral and had a pictured painted which was dedicated to the memoryof the most valiant soldier and most notable leader,Signor GiovanniHaukodue.曾经有一个时期,芝加哥的店主和商行的老板们不得不拿出大笔的钱给歹徒以换取保护”。如果交款不及时,歹徒们就会很快捣毁他的商店,让他破产.榨取保
6、护金 并不是一种现代的罪恶行径.早在14世纪,英国人约翰.霍克伍德就有过非凡的发现:人们情愿拿出大笔的钱,也不愿毕生的心血毁于歹徒之手.600年前,约翰.霍克伍德爵士带着一队士兵来到意大利,在佛罗伦萨附近驻扎下来,很快就出了名.意大利人叫他乔凡尼 阿库托.每次意大利各城邦之间发生战争，霍克伍德把他的士兵雇佣给愿给他出高价的君主。和平时期，当生意萧条时，霍克伍德便带领士兵进入某个城邦,纵火烧毁一两个农场,然后提出，如向他们缴纳保护金，他们便主动撤离。霍克伍德用这种方法挣了大笔钱.尽管如此,意大利人还是把他视作某种英雄。他 8 0 岁那年死去时，佛罗伦萨人为他举行了国葬,并为他画像以纪念这位骁勇无
7、比的战士、杰出的领袖乔凡尼.阿库托先生.L esson 17的吊桥The longest suspension bridge in the world 世界上最长Verrazano,an Italian about whom little is known,sailed into New YorkHarbour in 1524 and named it Angouleme.He described it as?a veryagreeable situation located within two small hills in the midst of whichflowed a great
8、river.,Though Verrazano is by no means considered to bea great explorer,his name will probably remain immortal,for on November21st,1964,the longest suspension bridge in the world was named afterhim.The Verrazano Bridge,which was designed by Othmar Ammann,joins Brooklynto Staten Island.It has a span
9、of 4,260 feet.The bridge is so long thatthe shape of the earth had to be taken into account by its designer.Twogreat towers support four huge cables.The towers are built on immenseunderwater platforms made of steel and concrete.The platforms extend toa depth of over 100 feet under the sea.These alon
10、e took sixteen monthsto build.Above the surface of the water,the towers rise to a height ofnearly 700 feet.They support the cables from which the bridge has beensuspended.Each of the four cables contains 26,108 lengths of wire.Ithas been estimated that if the bridge were packed with cars,it would st
11、illonly be carrying a Ihird of ils lolal capacity.However,size and strengthare not the only important things about this bridge.Despite its immensity,it is both simple and elegant,fulfilling its designers dream to createan enormous object drawn as faintly as possible.1524年，一位鲜为人知的意大利人维拉萨诺驾船驶进纽约港，并将该港
12、名为安古拉姆。他对该港作了这样的描述：“地理位置十分适宜，位于两座小山的中间，i条大河从中间流过”。虽然维拉萨诺绝对算不上一个伟大的探险家，但他的名字将流芳百世，因 为 1964年 11月 2 1 日建成的一座世界上最长的吊桥是以他的名字命名。维拉萨诺大桥由奥斯马.阿曼设计，连结着布鲁克林与斯塔顿岛，桥 长 4,260英尺。由于桥身太长，设计者不得不考虑了地表的形状。两座巨塔支撑着4 根粗大的钢缆。塔身建在巨大的水下钢盘混凝土平台上。平台深入海底100英尺。仅这两座塔就花了 16个月才建成。塔身高出水面将近700英尺。高塔支撑着钢缆，而钢缆又悬吊着大桥，4 根钢缆中的每根由26,108股钢绳组
13、成。据估计，若桥上摆满了汽车，也只不过是桥的总承载力的1/3。然而，这座桥重要特点不仅是它的规模与强度。尽管此桥很大，但它的结构简单，造型优美，实现了设计者企图创造一个“尽量用细线条勾画出一个庞然大物”的梦想。L esson 21 Daniel M endoza 丹尼尔.门多萨Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.In thosedays,boxers fought with bare fists for prize money.Because of this,theyw e r e k no w n
14、 a s p r i z e-f i g h t e r s .H o w e v e r,b o x i ng w a s v e r y c r u d e,f o r t h e r ew e r e no r u l e s a nd a p r i z e-f i g h t e r c o u l d b e s e r i o u s l y i nj u r e d o r e v e n k i l l e dd u r i ng a m a t c h.O ne o f t h e m o s t c o l o u r f u l f i g u r e s i n b
15、o x i ng h i s t o r y w a s D a ni e l M e nd o z a,w h o w a s b o r n i n 1 76 4.T h e u s e o f g l o v e s w a s no t i nt r o d u c e d u nt i l 1 8 6 0,w h e n t h e M a r q u i s o f Q u e e ns b e r r y d r e w u p t h e f i r s t s e t o f r u l e s.T h o u g hh e w a s t e c h ni c a l l
16、y a p r i z e-f i g h t e r,M e nd o z a d i d m u c h t o c h a ng e c r u d ep r i z e-f i g h t i ng i nt o a s p o r t,f o r h e b r o u g h t s c i e nc e t o t h e g a m e.I n h i sd a y,M e nd o z a e nj o y e d t r e m e nd o u s p o p u l a r i t y.H e w a s a d o r e d b y r i c h a ndp o
17、o r a l i k e.M e nd o z a r o s e t o f a m e s w i f t l y a f t e r a b o x i ng-m a t c h w h e n h e w a s o nl y f o u r t e e ny e a r s o l d.T h i s a t t r a c t e d t h e a t t e nt i o n o f R i c h a r d H u m p h r i e s w h o w a s t h e nt h e m o s t e m i ne nt b o x e r i n E ng l
18、 a nd.H e o f f e r e d t o t r a i n M e nd o z a a nd h i sy o u ng p u p i l w a s q u i c k t o l e a r n.I n f a c t,M e nd o z a s o o n b e c a m e s o s u c c e s s f u lt h a t H u m p h r i e s t u r ne d a g a i ns t h i m.T h e t w o m e n q u a r r e l l e d b i t t e r l y a ndi t w a
19、s c l e a r t h a t t h e a r g u m e nt c o u l d o nl y b e s e t t l e d b y a f i g h t.A m a t c hw a s h e l d a t S t i l t o n,w h e r e b o t h m e n f o u g h t f o r a n h o u r.T h e p u b l i c b e ta g r e a t d e a l o f m o ne y o n M e nd o z a,b u t h e w a s d e f e a t e d.M e nd
20、 o z a m e tH u m p h r i e s i n t h e r i ng o n a l a t e r o c c a s i o n a nd h e l o s t f o r a s e c o nd t i m e.I t w a s no t u nt i l h i s t h i r d m a t c h i n 1 79 0 t h a t h e f i na l l y b e a t H u m p h r i e sa nd b e c a m e C h a m p i o n o f E ng l a nd.M e a nw h i l e,
21、h e f o u nd e d a h i g h l y s u c c e s s f u lA c a d e m y a nd e v e n L o r d B y r o n b e c a m e o ne o f h i s p u p i l s.H e e a r ne d e no r m o u ss u m s o f m o ne y a nd w a s p a i d a s m u c h a s 1 0 0 p o u nd s f o r a s i ng l e a p p e a r a nc e.D e s p i t e t h i s,h e
22、w a s s o e x t r a v a g a nt t h a t h e w a s a l w a y s i n d e b t.A f t e r h ew a s d e f e a t e d b y a b o x e r c a l l e d G e nt l e m a n J a c k s o n,h e w a s q u i c k l y f o r g o t t e n.H e w a s s e nt t o p r i s o n f o r f a i l i ng t o p a y h i s d e b t s a nd d i e d
23、i n p o v e r t yi n 1 8 3 6.两百年前，拳击比赛在英国非常盛行。当时，拳击手们不戴手套，为争夺奖金而搏斗。因此，他们被称作“职业拳击手”。不过，拳击是十分野蛮的，因为当时没有任何比赛规则，职业拳击手有可能在比赛中受重伤，甚至丧命。拳击史上最引人注目的人物之一是丹尼尔 门多萨，他 生 于 1 7 6 4 年。1 8 6 0 年昆斯伯里侯爵第一次为拳击比赛制定了规则，拳击比赛这才用上了手套。虽然门多萨严格来讲不过是个职业拳击手，但在把这种粗野的拳击变成一种体育运动方面，他作出了重大贡献。是他把科学引进了这项运动。门多萨在他的全盛时期深受大家欢迎，无论是富人还是穷人都对他
24、祟拜备至。门多萨在1 4 岁时参加一场拳击赛后一举成名。这引起当时英国拳坛名将理查德.汉弗莱斯的注意。他主动提出教授门多萨，而年少的门多萨一学就会。事实上，门多萨不久便名声大振，致使汉弗莱斯与他反目为敌。两个人争吵不休，显而易见，只有较量一番才能解决问题。于是两人在斯蒂尔顿设下赛场，厮打了 个小时 二 公众把大笔赌注下到了门多萨身上，但他却输了。后来，门多萨与汉弗莱斯再次在拳击场上较量，门多萨又输了一场。直 到 1790年他们第3 次对垒，门多萨才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成了全英拳击冠军。同时，他建立了一所拳击学校，办得很成功，连拜伦勋爵也成了他的学生。门多萨挣来大笔大笔的钱，一次出场费就多可达10
25、0英镑。尽管收入不少，但他挥霍无度，经常债台高筑。他被一个叫杰克逊绅士的拳击手击败后很快被遗忘。他因无力还债而被捕入狱，最 后 于 1836年在贫困中死去。基础考研作文修炼：新概念必背Part 2(2010-04-14 11:16:01)转载标签：分类：考研写作专题杂谈L esson 24 A skeleton in the cupboard“家丑We often read in novels how a seemingly respectable person or family hassome terrible secret which has been concealed from st
26、rangers for years.The English language possesses a vivid saying to describe this sort ofsituation.The terrible secret is called a skeleton in the cupboard,At some dramatic moment in the story,the terrible secret becomes knownand a reputation is ruined.The readers hair stands on end when he readsin t
27、he final pages of the novel that the heroine,a dear old lady who hadalways been so kind to everybody,had,in her youth,poisoned every oneof her five husbands.It is all very well for such things to occur in fiction.To varying degrees,we all have secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to
28、 learn,but few of us have skeletons in the cupboard.The only person I know whohas a skeleton in the cupboard is George Carlton,and he is very proudof the fact.George studied medicine in his youth.Instead of becominga doctor,however,he became a successful writer of detective stories.I once spent an u
29、ncomfortable weekend which I shall never forget at hishouse.George showed me to the guest-room which,he said,was rarely used.He told me to unpack my things and then come down to dinner.After I hadstacked my shirts and underclothes in two empty drawers,I decided to hangone of the two suits I had brou
30、ght with me in the cupboard.I opened thecupboard door and then stood in front of it petrified.A skeleton wasdangling before my eyes.The sudden movement of the door made it swayslightly and it gave me the impression that it was about to leap out atme.Dropping my suit,I dashed downstairs to tell Georg
31、e.This was worsethan a terrible secret;this was a real skeleton!But George wasunsympathetic.Oh,that,he said with a smile as if he were talkingabout an old friend.Thats Sebastian.You forget that I was a medicalstudent once upon a time.在小说中，我们经常读到一个表面上受人尊重的人物或家族，却有着某种多年不为人所知的骇人听闻的秘密。英语中有一个生动的说法来形容这种情况
32、。惊人的秘密被称作“柜中骷髅”。在小说的某个戏剧性时刻，可怕的秘密泄漏出来，接着便是某人的声誉扫地。当读者读到小说最后几页了解到书中女主人公，那位一向待大家很好的可爱的老妇人年轻时一连毒死了她的5 个丈夫时，不禁会毛骨悚然。这种事发生在小说中是无可非议的。尽管我们人人都有各种大小秘密，连最亲密的朋友都不愿让他们知道，但我们当中极少有人有柜中骷髅。我所认识的唯一的在柜中藏骷髅的人便是乔治卡尔顿，他甚至引以为自豪。乔治年轻时学过医，然而，他后来没当上医生，却成了一位成功的侦探小说作家。有一次，我在他家里度周末，过得很不愉快。这事我永远不会忘记。乔治把我领进客房，说这间房间很少使用。他让我打开行装后
33、下楼吃饭。我将衬衫、内衣放进两个空抽屉里.，然后我想把随身带来的两套西服中的一套挂到大衣柜里去。我打开柜门，站在柜门前一下子惊呆了。一具骷髅悬挂在眼前，由于柜门突然打开，它也随之轻微摇晃起来，让我觉得它好像马上要跳出柜门朝我扑过来似的。我扔下西服冲下楼去告诉乔治。这 是 比“骇人听闻的秘密”更加惊人的东西，这是一具真正的骷髅啊！但乔治却无动于衷。“噢，是它呀！他笑着说道，俨然在谈论一位老朋友。“那是塞巴斯蒂安。你忘了我以前是学医的了。”L esson 27 Nothing to sell and nothing to buy 没有东西可卖也没有东西可买It has been said that
34、 everyone lives by selling something.In the lightof this statement,teachers live by selling knowledge,philosophers byselling wisdom and priests by selling spiritual comfort.Though it maybe possible to measure the value of material good in terms of money,itis extremely difficult to estimate the true
35、value of the services whichpeople perform for us.There are times when we would willingly giveeverything we possess to save our lives,yet we might grudge paying asurgeon a high fee for offering us precisely this service.The conditionsof society are such that skills have to be paid for in the same way
36、 thatgoods are paid for at a shop.Everyone has something to sell.Tramps seem to be the only exception to this general rule.Beggars almostsell themselves as human beings to arouse the pity of passers-by.But realtramps are not beggars.They have nothing to sell and require nothing fromothers.In seeking
37、 independence,they do not sacrifice their human dignity.A tramp may ask you for money,but he will never ask you to feel sorryfor him.He has deliberately chosen to lead the life he leads and is fullyaware of the consequences.He may never be sure where the next meal iscoming from,but he is free from t
38、he thousands of anxieties which afflictother people.His few material possessions make it possible for him tomove from place to place with ease.By having to sleep in the open,hegets far closer to the world of nature than most of us ever do.He mayhunt,beg,or steal occasionally to keep himself alive;he
39、 may even,intimes of real need,do a little work;but he will never sacrifice hisfreedom.We often speak of tramps with contempt ccd put them in the sameclass as beggars,but how many of us can honestly say that we have notfelt a little envious of their simple way of life and their freedom fromcare?据说每个
40、人都靠出售某种东西来维持生活。根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生，牧师靠卖精神安慰为生。虽然物质产品的价值可以用金钱来衡量，但要估算别人为我们为所提供的服务的价值却是极其困难的。有时，我们为了挽救生命，愿意付出我们所占有的一-切。但就在外科大夫给我们提供了这种服务后，我们却可能为所支付的昂贵的费用而抱怨。社会上的情况就是如此，技术是必须付钱去买的，就像在商店里要花钱买商品一样。人人都有东西可以出售。在这条普遍的规律前面，好像只有流浪汉是个例外，乞丐出售的几乎是他本人，以引起过路人的怜悯。但真正的流浪并不是乞丐。他们既不出售任何东西，也不需要从别人那儿得到任何东西，在追求独立自由
41、的同时.，他们并不牺牲为人的尊严。游浪汉可能会向你讨钱，但他从来不要你可怜他。他是故意在选择过那种生活的，并完全清楚以这种方式生活的后果。他可能从不知道下顿饭有无着落，但他不像有人那样被千万桩愁事所折磨。他儿乎没有什么财产，这使他能够轻松自如地在各地奔波。由于被迫在露天睡觉，他比我们中许多人都离大自然近得多。为了生存，他可能会去打猎、乞讨，偶尔偷上一两回；确实需要的时候，他甚至可能干一点儿活，但他决不会牺牲自由。说起流浪汉，我们常常带有轻蔑并把他们与乞丐归为一类。但是，我们中有多少人能够坦率地说我们对流浪汉的简朴生活与无忧无虑的境况不感到有些羡慕呢？L esson 33 A day to re
42、member 难忘的一天We have all experienced days when everything goes wrong.A day may beginwell enough,but suddenly everything seems to get out of control.Whalinvariably happens is that a great number of things choose to go wrongat precisely the same moment.It is as if a single unimportant event setup a cha
43、in of reactions.L et us suppose that you are preparing a meal andkeeping an eye on the baby at the same time.The telephone rings and thismarks the prelude to an unforeseen series of catastrophes.While you areon the phone,the baby pulls the table-cloth off the table,smashing halfyour best crockery an
44、d cutting himself in the process.You hang uphurriedly and attend to baby,crockery,etc.M eanwhile,the meal getsburnt.As if this were not enough to reduce you to tears,your husbandarrives,unexpectedly bringing three guests to dinner.Things can go wrong on a big scale,as a number of people recentlydisc
45、overed in Parramatta,a suburb of Sydney.During the rush hour oneevening two cars collided and both drivers began to argue.The womanimmediately behind the two cars happened to be a learner.She suddenlygot into a panic and stopped her car.This made the driver following herbrake hard.His wife was sitti
46、ng beside him holding a large cake.As shewas thrown forward,the cake went right through the windscreen and landedon the road.Seeing a cake flying through the air,a lorry-driver whowas drawing up alongside the car,pulled up all of a sudden.The lorrywas loaded with empty beer bottles and hundreds of t
47、hem slid off the backof the vehicle and on to the road.This led to yet another angry argument.M eanwhile,the traffic piled up behind.It took the police nearly an hourto get the traffic on the move again.In the meantime,the lorry driverhad to sweep up hundreds of broken bottles.Only two stray dogs be
48、nefitedfrom all this confusion,for they greedily devoured what was left of thecake.It was just one of those days!我们大家都有过事事不顺心的日子。一天开始时，可能还不错，但突然间似乎一切都失去了控制。情况经常是这样的，许许多多的事情都偏偏赶在同一时刻出问题，好 像 是，件无关紧要的小事引起了 一连串的连锁反应。假设你在做饭，同时又在照看孩子。这时电话铃响了，它预示着一连串意想不到的灾难的来临。就在你接电话时，孩子把桌布从桌子上扯了下来，将家中最好的陶瓷餐具半数摔碎，同时也弄伤了他自己
49、。你急急忙忙挂上电话，赶去照看孩子和餐具。这时，饭又烧糊了。好像这 切还不足以使你急得掉泪，你的丈夫接着回来了，事先没打招呼就带来3 个客人吃饭。就像许多人最近在悉尼郊区帕拉马塔所发现的那样，有时乱子会闹得很大。一天傍晚交通最拥挤时，一辆汽车撞上前面一辆汽车，两个司机争吵起来。紧跟其后的一辆车上的司机碰巧是个初学者，她一惊之下突然把车停了下来。她这一停使得跟在后头的司机也来了个急刹车。司机的妻子正坐在他身边，手里托着块大蛋糕。她往前一-冲，蛋糕从挡风玻璃飞了出去掉在马路上。此时，-辆卡车正好从后边开到那辆汽车边上，司机看见一块蛋糕从天而降，紧急刹车。卡车上装着空啤酒瓶，成百只瓶子顺势从卡车后面
50、滑出车外落在马路上。这又引起了一场唇枪舌剑的争吵。与此同时，后面的车辆排成了长龙，警察花了将近一个小时才使车辆又开起来。在这段时间里，卡车司机不得不清扫那儿百只破瓶子。只有两只野狗从这一片混乱中得到了好处，它们贪婪地吃掉了剩下的蛋糕。这就是事事不顺心的那么一天！L esson 34 A happy discovery 幸运的发现Antique shops exert a peculiar fascination on a great many people.Themore expensive kind of antique shop where rare objects are beautif