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1、P a r t AD i r e c t i o n s:R e a d t h e f o l l o w i n g t e x t s.A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b e l o w e a c h t e x t b y c ho o s i n g A,B,C o r D.T e x t 1I n a n c i e n t G r e e c e,a t h l e t i c f e s t i v a l s w e r e v e r y i m p o r t a n t a n d h a d s t r o n g re l
2、i g i o u s a s s o c i a t i o n s.T h e O l y m p i a n a t h l e t i c f e s t i v a l h e l d e v e r y f o u r y e a r s i nh o n o r o f Z e u s,K i n g o f t h e O l y m p i a n G o d s,e v e n t u a l l y l o s t i t s l o c a l c h a r a c t e r,a n d b e c a m e f i r s t a n a t i o n a l
3、 e v e n t a n d t h e n,a f t e r t h e r u l e s a g a i n s t f o r e i g n c o mp e t i t o r s h a d b e e n a b o l i s h e d,i n t e r n a t i o n a l.No o n e k n o w s e x a c t l y h o w f a r b a c kt h e O l y m p i c G a m e s g o,b u t s o m e o f f i c i a l r e c o r d s d a t e f r
4、o m 776 B.C.T h e g a m e s t o o k p l a c e i n A u g u s t o n t h e p l a i n b y M o u n t O l y m p u s.M a n y t h o u s a n d s o fs p e c t a t o r s g a t h e r e d f r o m a l l p a r t s o f G r e e c e,b u t n o m a r r i e d w o m a n w a s a d m i t t ed e v e n a s a s p e c t a t o
5、r.S l a v e s,w o m e n a n d d i s h o n o r e d p e r s o n s w e r e n o t a l l o w e d t oc o m p e t e.T h e e x a c t s e q u e n c e o f e v e n t s i s u n c e r t a i n,b u t e v e n t s i n c l u d e d b o y sg y m n a s t i c s,b o x i n g,w r e s t l i n g,h o r s e r a c i n g a n d f
6、i e l d e v e n t s,t h o u g h t h e r e w e r ef e w e r s p o r t s i n v o l v e d t h a n i n t h e m o d e r n O l y m p i c G a m e s.O n t h e l a s t d a y o f t h e G a m e s,a l l t h e w i n n e r s w e r e h o n o r e d b y h a v i n g a r i n g o fh o l y o l i v e l e a v e s p l a c
7、e d o n t h e i r h e a d s.S o g r e a t w a s t h e h o n o r t h a t t h e w i n n e ro f t h e f o o t r a c e g a v e h i s n a m e t o t h e y e a r o f h i s v i c t o r y.A l t h o u g h O l y m p i c w in n e r s r e c e i v e d n o p r i z e m o n e y,t h e y w e r e,i n f a c t,r i c h l
8、y r e w a r d e d b y t h e i r s t at e a u t h o r i t i e s.H o w t h e i r r e s u l t s c o m p a r e d w i t h m o d e r n s t a n d a r d s,w e u n f o r t u n a te l y h a v e n o m e a n s o f t e l l i n g.A f t e r a n u n i n t e r r u p t e d h i s t o r y o f a l m o s t 1,2 00 y e a r
9、 s,t h e G a m e s w e r e s u s p e n d e db y t h e R o m a n s i n 394 A.D.T h e y c o n t i n u e d f o r s u c h a l o n g t i m e b e c a u s e p e o p l e b el i e v e d i n t h e p h i l o s o p h y b e h i n d t h e O l y m p i c s:t h e i d e a t h a t a h e a l t h y b o d y p r o du c e
10、d a h e a l t h y m i n d,a n d t h a t t h e s p i r i t o f c o m p e t i t i o n i n s p o r t s a n d g a m e s w a sp r e f e r a b l e t o t h e c o m p e t i t i o n t h a t c a u s e d w a r s.(3)I t w a s o v e r 1,500 y e a r s b e f or e a n o t h e r s u c h i n t e r n a t i o n a l a t
11、 h l e t i c g a t h e r i n g t o o k p l a c e i n A t h e n s i n 1896.No w a d a y s,t h e G a m e s a r e h e l d i n d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s i n t u r n.T h e h o s t c o u n t r y pr o v i d e s v a s t f a c i l i t i e s,i n c l u d i n g a s t a d i u m,s w i m m i n g p o o l
12、s a n d l i v i n g a c c o m m od a t i o n,b u t c o m p e t i n g c o u n t r i e s p a y t h e i r o w n a t h l e t e s e x p e n s e s.T h e O l y m p i c s s t a r t w i t h t h e a r r i v a l i n t h e s t a d i u m o f a t o r c h,l i g h t e d o n M o u n tO l y m p u s b y t h e s u n s
13、r a y s.I t i s c a r r i e d b y a s u c c e s s i o n o f r u n n e r s t o t h e s t a di u m.T h e t o r c h s y m b o l i z e d t h e c o n t i n u a t i o n o f t h e a n c i e n t G r e e k a t h l e t i c i d e a s,a n d i t b u r n s t h r o u g h o u t t h e G a m e s u n t i l t h e c l o
14、 s i n g c e r e m o n y.T h e w e 11k n o w n 01y m p i c f l a g,h o w e v e r,i s a m o d e r n c o n c e p t i o n：t h e f i v e i n t e r l o c k i n g r i n g s s y m b o li z e t h e u n i t i n g o f a l l f i v e c o n t i n e n t s p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n t h e G a m e s.(4)1.a s s o
15、 c i a t i o n n.协会，联盟，社团联合，结合，交往：p r o f e s s i o n a l a s s o c i a t i o n专业团体/a s s o c i a t i o n w i t h B r i t i s h p e o p l e 和英国人有来往。同 a s s o c i a t e v.使联合(在思想上)把联系在起(w i t h)结交n.同事，合伙人a.副的：a s s o c i a t e i n a c o m m o n c a u s e 为共同之目标联合/b e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s b.i
16、 n bu s i n e s s 在生意上与某人有联系/a n a s s o c i a t e p r o f e s s o r 一位副教授2.a b o l i s h v.彻底废除，废止：a b o l i s h a l a w 废除法律/a b o l i s h s t a t e p e n s i o n s 取消养老金3.s p e c t a t o r n.观众4.s e q u e n c e n.次序，顺序连续，接续，一连串：o u t o f s e q u e n c e 不成顺序/a s e q ue n c e o f s t e p s 连续的措施5.
17、i n v o l v e v.包括，包含涉及，牵涉使卷入，使参与：i n v o l v e so m u c h w o r k 有那么多的工作/i n v o l v e s o m e s t u d e n t s 涉及一些学生/b e i n v o l v e d i n t r o u b l e 卷入纠纷O派 i n v o l v e m e n t n.卷入牵连6.h o l y a.神圣的，圣洁的虔诚的：a h o l y p l e d g e 神圣的誓言/a h o l y p e r s o n 圣洁的人/t h e h o l y f o l l o w e r
18、 s o f B u d d h a 虔诚的佛教信徒7.s u s p e n d v t.暂停，中止悬，挂，吊：s u s p e n d a r u l e 暂不实行一项规定/A l a m pw a s s u s p e n d e d f r o m t h e c e i l i n g a b o v e u s.我们头顶上的天花板吊着一盏灯。O派 s u s p e n s i o n n.暂停，延缓悬挂：t h e s u s p e n s i o n o f a l a w 法律的暂停实施/a s u s p e n s i o n o f f i n e s a n d
19、 i n t h e w a t e r 水中的细沙悬浮物8.a c c o m m o d a t i o n n.住处，膳宿：a c c o m m o d a t i o n a g e n c i e s 房屋代理商/b o o k (e n g a g e)ac c o m m o d a t i o n s a t a h o t e l 向旅馆预定房间O同 a c c o m m o d a t e v.使适应，顺应向提供住处容纳：a c c o m m o d a t e o n e s e l f to n e w c o n d i t i o n s 使适应新环境/a c
20、 c o m m o d a t e f o r t h e n i g h t 留住一夜9.s u c c e s s i o n n.连续，接续一连串，一系列接替，继任：i n s u c c e s s i o n 连续地/as u c c e s s i o n d e f e a t 一连串的失败/c l a i m t h e s u c c e s s i o n 要求继承(权)O同 s u c c e s s i v e a.接连的，连续的：s u c c e s s i v e a t t e m p t s 一个接一个的尝试【超纲词汇】上i n t e r l o c k
21、v.使连接，使互相扣住1.In ancient Greece,the Olympic GamesA were merely national athletic festivals.B were in the nature of a national event with a strong religious color.C once had rules which put foreign participants in a disadvantageous position.D were primarily national events with few foreign participant
22、s.2.In the early days of ancient Olympic Games,A only male Greek athletes were allowed to participate in the Games in.B all Greeks,irrespective of sex,religion or social status,were allowed totake part in.C all Greeks,with the exception of women,were allowed to compete in Games.D all male Greeks wer
23、e qualified to compete in the Games.3.The order of athletic events at the ancient OlympicsA has not definitely been established.B varied according to the number of foreign competitors.C was decided by Zeus,in whose honour the Games were held.D was considered unimportant.4.W hy cannot modern athletes
24、 results be compared with those of ancient ones?A Because the Greeks had no means of recording the results.B Because they are much better.C Because details such as the time were not recorded in the past.D Because they are much worse.5.Nowadays,the athletesJ expenses are paid for A o u t o f t h e p
25、r i z e m o n e y o f t h e w i n n e r s.B o u t o f t h e f u n d s r a i s e d b y t h e c o m p e t i n g n a t i o n s.C b y t h e a t h l e t e s t h e m s e l v e s.D b y c o n t r i b u t i o n s.难 点 突 破1.(T h e O l y m p i a n a t h l e t i c)f e s t i v a l (h e l d e v e r y f o u r y e a
26、 r s i n h o n o r o f Z e u s,K in g o f t h e O l y m p i a n G o d s ),e v e n t u a l l y l o s t i t s l o c a l c h a r a c t e r,a n d b e c a m e f i r st a n a t i o n a l e v e n t a n d t h e n,a f t e r t h e r u l e s a g a i n s t f o r e i g n c o m p e t i t o r s h a d be e n a b o
27、l i s h e d,i n t e r n a t i o n a l.复合句。主句主语为t h e O l y m p i a n a t h l e t i c f e s t i v a l,h e l d.过去分词短语作定语修饰 f e s t i v a l,i n h o n o r o f Z e u s 为状语；K i n g o f t h e O l y m p i a n Go d s 作 Z e u s 的同位语；l o s t 为 第 个谓语，i t s l o c a l c h a r a c t e r 为其宾语；b e c a m e 为第二个谓语，它跟了
28、两个并列表语,a n a t i o n a l e v e n t 和 i n t e r n a t i o n a l,其中 a f t e r t h e r u l e s a g a i n s t f o r ei g n c o m p e t i t o r s h a d b e e n a b o l i s h e d 为状语从句。2.T h e e x a c t s e q u e n c e (o f e v e n t s)i s u n c e r t a i n,b u t e v e n t s i n c l u d e d b o y s g y m
29、n a s ti c s,b o x i n g,w r e s t l i n g,h o r s e r a c i n g a n d f i e l d e v e n t s,t h o u g h t h e r e w e r e f e w e rs p o r t s i n v o l v e d t h a n i n t h e m o d e r n O l y m p i c Ga m e s .并列复合句。转折连词b u t 引导并列句，它之后的分句中e v e n t s 为主语，谓 语 为 i n c l ud e d,其余为宾语;t h o u g h 引导
30、让步状语从句，其 中 i n v o l v e d 修 饰 s p o r t So3.T h e y c o n t i n u e d f o r s u c h a l o n g t i m e b e c a u s e p e o p l e b e l i e v e d i n t h e p h i l o so p h y b e h i n d t h e O l y m p i c s:t h e i d e a t h a t a h e a l t h y b o d y p r o d u c e d a h e a l t h y m i n d,a n d
31、t h a t t h e s p i r i t o f c o m p e t i t i o n i n s p o r t s a n d g a m e s w a s p r e f e r a b l e t o t h e competition(that caused wars).多重复合句。because引导原因状语从句,该从句中believed i n 为谓语,the philosophy为宾语,the idea作 phi losophy的同位语；and连接的两个that从句是同位语从句，修饰 the idea；在第二个定语从句中that caused wars又作com
32、petition的定语从句。4.(The well-known Olympic)flag,however,is a modern conception：(the five interlocking)rings symbolize the uniting(of all five continents participating inthe Games).并列句。冒号连接两个并列句，后一句是对前一句的进一步说明，前句中The wellknown Olympic flag为主语；is a modern conception为系动词和表语：第二个句子中the uniting of all five c
33、ontinents 为 symbolize 的宾语，而 participating in the Games作定语修饰continentSo全 文 翻 译在古希腊，运动节日很重要而且与宗教紧密相关。1)为纪念奥林匹亚山的众神之主宙斯，奥林匹克运动节每四年举办次，而它最后失去了地区特色：先是演变为全国性的运动会，当反对外国运动员参加的规定被废除后，又继而成为了国际性的运动会。没有人确切地知道奥运会可以追溯到何时，但是一些官方的记载可以追溯到公元前776年。运动会八月份在奥林匹斯山旁边的平原举行。成千上万的观众从希腊各地聚集到这里，但是已婚妇女连做观众的资格都没有。奴隶、妇女和那些声誉不好的人不允
34、许参加竞赛。2)项目的确切顺序并不确定。尽管相对于现代奥运会来说项目很少，但是依然包括少年体操、拳击、摔跤、赛马以及一些田径项目。在比赛的最后天，所有的获胜者将会头戴个由橄榄树叶编成的圣洁花环。他们会获得极高的荣誉：径赛的胜利者获胜后，这年会以他的名字来命名。尽管奥运会获胜者不会获得任何奖金，但实际上，他们会获得他们城邦政府所给予的丰厚奖赏。就他们的比赛结果和现代的标准相比较有什么不同而言，遗憾的是我们现在没有办法来比较。奥运会经过大约1,2 0 0 年未间断的历史之后，公元394年被罗马人取消了。3）运动会连续举办了很长一段时间，因为人们相信奥林匹克蕴含的精神：健康的体魄产生健康的思想，体育
35、运动中的竞争精神比导致战争的竞争要更可取。大 约 1500年之后，1896年国际性的运动员大聚会才又在雅典举行。现在，奥运会轮流在不同的国家举办。主办国要提供大量的设施，包括体育场、游泳池和住处，但是由参赛国负责本国运动员的费用。火炬进入体育场标志着奥运会正式开始。火炬是在契林匹斯山上被太阳光点燃的，它由许多长跑运动员接力传递到比赛场。火炬象征着古希腊运动思想的延续，它将一直燃烧到运动会的闭幕式。4）可是，著名的奥运会会旗却是一个现代的概念；相互串连在一起的五环象征着参加运动会的五个大洲紧密团结在一起。1.选 C,事实细节题。文章第一段第二句表明古代奥运会演变的历史，由地区性的到全国性的再到世
36、界性的，而 A 和 B 限于n a tio n a l,因此错误；同样此句说明当反对外国参赛者的规定取消后，奥运会成为国际性的，因此 C 正 确;而 D 的 prim arily n a tio n a l和 few foreign p a rtic ip a n ts文章并未具体详述。2.选 A,事实细节题。文章第二段第三句说明奴隶、妇女和声誉不好的人不允许参加竞赛,因此只有 A 符合文义。3.选 A,事实细节题。第二段第四句说明奥运会比赛项目的确切顺序不得而知，而 B、C和 D 均未提及，因此不符合题意。4.选 C,推理判断题。第三段第四句讲到古希腊奥运会运动员的成绩和现代运动员的成绩相比
37、较怎么样时，作者谈到we unfortunately have no means of te llin g”,所以 B 和 D错误；根据文章我们不知是希腊人没有办法记录这些成绩,还是我们无法得到这些记录,因此,A 过于绝对,故错误。5.选 B ,事实细节题。第五段第二句告诉我们“c o m p e t i n g c o u n t r i e s p a y t h e i r o w n a th l e t e s,e x p e n s e s ，因此，只有 B 正确。A 、C 和 D 均不符。T e x t 2P u b l i c r e l a t i o n s i s m a
38、 n a g e m e n t f u n c t i o n t h a t c r e a t e s,d e v e l o p s,a n d c a r r i e s o u tp o l i c i e s a n d p r o g r a m s t o i n f l u e n c e p u b l i c o p i n i o n o r p u b l i c r e a c t i o n a b o u t a ni d e a,a p r o d u c t,o r a n o r g a n i z a t i o n.T h e f i e l d o
39、 f p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s h a s b e c o m e an i m p o r t a n t p a r t o f t h e e c o n o m i c,s o c i a l a n d p o l i t i c a l p a t t e r n o f l i f e i n m a n yn a t i o n s.T h a t f i e l d i n c l u d e s a d v e r t i s i n g,p r o m o t i o n a l a c t i v i t i e s,a n d p r
40、 e s s c o nt a c t.P u b l i c r e l a t i o n s a l s oe x i s t s a t t h e s a m e t i m e i n b u s i n e s s w i t h m a r k e t i n ga n d m e r c h a n d i s i n g t o c r e a t e t h e c l i m a t e i n w h i c h a l l s e l l i n g f u n c t i o n s o c c u r.P u b l i c r e l a t i o n s
41、a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e m o d e r n w o r l d h e l p i n s t i t u t i o n s t o c o p e s u c c es s f u l l y w i t h m a n y p r o b l e m s,t o b u i l d p r e s t i g e f o r a n i n d i v i d u a l o r a g r o u p,t op r o m o t e p r o d u c t s,a n d t o w i n e l e c t i o n s.T h e
42、m a j o r i t yo f p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s w o r k e rs a r e s t a f f e m p l o y e e s w o r k i n g w i t h i n a c o r p o r a t e o r i n s t i t u t i o n a l f r a m e w o r k.0t h e r s o p e r a t e i n p u b l i c r e l a t i o n s c o u n s e l i n g f i r m s.I n i n d u s t r y,p
43、 u b l i c r e l a t i o n s p e r s o n n e l k e e p s m a n a g e m e n t i n f o r m e d o f c h a n g e s i nt h e o p i n i o n s o f v a r i o u s p u b l i c s (t h a t i s,t h e g r o u p s o f p e o p l e w h o s e s u p p o r t is n e e d e d):e m p l o y e e s,s t o c k h o l d e r s,c u
44、 s t o m e r s,s u p p l i e r s,d e a l e r s,t h e c o m m u n i ty,and the government.(2)These professionals counsel management as to the impact of any action or lack of action on the behavior of the target audiences.Oncean organizational decision has been made,the public relations person has the
45、task of communicating this information to the public using methods that promoteunderstanding,and desired behavior.(3)For example,a hospital merger,an industrial plant closing,or the introduction of a new product all require public relations planning and skill.Public relations activities are a major
46、part of the political affairs in many nations.Politicians seeking office,government agencies seeking acceptance andcooperation,officials seeking support for their policies,and foreign governments seeking aid and allies abroad all make extensive use of counseling servicesprovided by public relations
47、specialists.Public relations also plays an important role in the entertainment industry.The theater,motion pictures,sports,restaurants,and individuals all use publicrelations services to increase their business or add to their image.Other publie relations clients are educational,social service and c
48、haritable institutions,trade unions,religious groups,and professional societies.The successful public relations practitioner is a specialist in communicationarts and persuasion.Specialized skills are required to handle public opinion research,media relations,direct mail activities,institutional adve
49、rtising,publications,film and video production,and special events.Public relations serv i c e s a r e s o f a r v i r t u a l l y u n u s e d i n m a n y d e v e l o p i n g n a t i o n s,b u t t h e y a r e l i k el y t o b e a f u t u r e g o v e r n m e n t c o n c e r n.1.r e a c t i o n n.反应，反作
50、用（a g a i n s t）反动，对抗：o n e s r e a c t i o n t o a t r a g i ca c c i d e n t 对不幸事故的反应/H i s w o r k h a s n e v e r b e e n a r e a c t i o n a g a i n s t t h e a b s t r ac t e x p r e s s i o n.他的作品从来不是对抽象主义的反动。同 r e a c t v.反应，做出反应 a g a i n s t 反对，反动，反其道而行：r e a c t t o l i gh t 对光起反应/r e a c