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1、中国某某某某学校学生毕业设计(论文)题 目： 跨文化交流中的肢体语言 姓 名 ： 00000 班级、学号 ： 0000000000 系 (部) ： 经济管理系 专 业 ： 商务英语 指导教师 ： 00000000 开题时间： 2009-4-10 完成时间： 2009-10-31 2008 年 10 月 31 日19目 录毕业设计任务书1毕业设计成绩评定表2答辩申请书3-5正文6-21答辩委员会表决意见22答辩过程记录表23课 题 跨文化交流中的肢体语言 一、 课题(论文)提纲引言1肢体语言在跨文化交流中的必要性和重要性2肢体语言的分类2.1表情语言2.2动作语言2.3体姿语言3影响跨文化交流中
2、肢体语言的因素3.1价值观不同3.2风俗习惯不同3.3语言习惯4. 正确理解和利用肢体语言沟通 4.1正确理解不同体语的含义4.2正确理解对方的目光含义4.3正确应用手势语言和体姿语言总结二、内容摘要肢体语言是跨文化交流很重要的一部分。肢体语言，众所周知，是指能够传递某种特定信息的面部表情，手势语， 以及其他身体部位动作。除一些世界公认的肢体语言外，不同的文化还有各自的肢体语言。在进行跨文化交流时，相同的肢体语言形式可能具有完全不同的意义。在跨文化背景中，各民族有不同的肢体语言交际方式，如果运用的好，可以取得较好的交际效果；如果肢体语言信息处理不好就会产生误解，会使对方感到不愉快或处于尴尬的地
3、位，影响交际的进行。本文简单比较了不同文化的肢体语言的差别并阐述了肢体语言，以便于我们更好的提升沟通技巧和理解能力。关键词 :肢体语言;跨文化交流;运用Abstracts Body language is an important part of intercultural communication. Body language, as is universally known, means elements in nonverbal communication produced by body. Such as movement, facial expressions, eye conta
4、ct and so on. except some admittedly body languages, different cultures have different body languages. When you process an intercultural communication, the same body language form probably shows different meaning. In the intercultural background, all ethnic groups have different communication method
5、s of body language, If the body language is used well, they could obtain a better communication, if the body language information are not processing well, it might generate misunderstandings, make each other unhappy or make them in an awkward position, affecting the conduct of communication. This ar
6、ticle intends to compare the difference of body language，present its meaning and talk it briefly. S o that we can improve our communication skills and abilities by understanding it well.Keywords:bodylanguage ;intercultural communication ;application 三、 参考文献1许静.非语言交际的跨文化差异与外语教学A.上海外语出版社,20052顾曰国.跨文化交
7、际M.北京:外语教学与研究出版社，1997.3贾雨新.跨文化交际M.上海:上海外语出版社，19974毕继万.跨文化非语言交际M. 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2001Body language in intercultural communication0000摘要:肢体语言是文化交流的一部分。肢体语言 ，众所周知，是指能够传递某种特定信息的面部表情、手势语,以及其他身体部位动作。像动作，脸部表情，眼神交流等等。用肢体语言来表达感情几乎是人类的本能。因为它简单方便，所以被广泛的运用于生活中。 除一些世界公认的肢体语言外，不同的文化还有各自的肢体语言。在进行跨文化交流时，相同的肢体语言形式可能具
8、有完全不同的意义。本文 比较了不同文化的肢体语言的差别并简单阐述了肢体语言，以便于我们更好的提升沟通技巧和理解能力。Abstract Body language is a part of intercultural communication. Body language, as is universally known, means elements in nonverbal communication produced by body. Such as movement, facial expressions, eye contact and so on. Use body languag
9、e to express emotion almostly is a instincts of human itself. It is widely used in reality life Because of its simple、fast、directly. except some admittedly body languages, different cultures have different body languages. When you process an intercultural communication, the same body language form p
10、robably shows different meaning. This article intends to compare the difference of body language with different culture，present its meaning and talk it briefly so that we can improve our communication skills and abilities by understanding it wellKeywords:body language;interculturcommunication;applic
11、ation Introduction:Intercultural communication , means the interaction between people from different background.In nowadays, economy globlization trends becoming obvious day by day, intercultural communication is no longer a rare thing to us. With the fast development and popularity of the internet,
12、it is very convenient for people to carry on intercultural communication. A basic content of intercultural communication is body communication, if the message can not handle well, misunderstanding will caused in intercultural communication sometimes. Therefore, when you carry on intercultural commun
13、ication, you should understand some common body language in international communication.The necessity and importance of language in intercultural communicationBody language plays a significant role which complete language in intercultural communication. Why do language have such a essential effects
14、on communication？ Because sometimes, body language be able to express meaning or contents more profound than verbal language，they can express what the verbal language cannot express directly. People communicate with each other by their body language in the ways of nodding, waving, eye contact, shrug
15、ging and so on. Use body language to express emotion almostly is a instincts of human itself. It is widely used in dai ly life Because it i s simple,fast,directly.Like all of other nonverbal communication behaviors, body language serves a variety of purposes. Body language sometime repeats or takes
16、place of verbal communication with the use of gestures. Moreover, body language can regulate social interaction, and finally it conveys our attitude toward ourselves and toward others in communication. In addition, it express information masterly and leave a better imagine space on others. As an uni
17、que way of communication, body language plays an irreplaceable role in peoples communication.Communication is mainly depend on verbal language or written word, but as a matter of fact, body language is regard as a widely method to express emotion, attitude or advice. And have affect on communication
18、 deeply.According to the relevant statistics, the percentage of body language communication is about 65% in social occasion. A psychologist give up a formula:Transmit of information= 7%language+38%voice+55%body language Although the aboved data need a further discussion, while it is more emphasis on
19、 the role of body language in interpersonal communication. Non-verbal action, majority is unconsciously reveal, and it often reflects his real feelings. It is more easier for people to disguise words when using language, In the process of communication, meanwhile, the non-verbal behavior is not so e
20、asy to conceal. As Freud said “understanding peoples deep psychological idea, language is not reliable, the body languages are more true than humans emotion and desires.” In the process of information communication, not only the expression and movement appears with the disseminators verbal language,
21、 but also the recipients are receiving information while showing a series of expressions. It is an important feedback, it is a recipient psychological feedback, it is more important than the language.2.The classification of body language 2.1Facial expression language Expression refers to the persons
22、 facial expressions. How many peoples facial expressions it is, Im afraid it is impossible to work out, there are some common facial expressions like:happiness, anger, sadness and joy, others such as fear, disappointment,it is called as changing. No wonder Roman Rolland said, “facial expressions is
23、the language which nurtured centuries and thousands of times more complex than the mouth talking. ”The eyes are the windows of the soul, eye contact is the main source of confidence in nonverbal communication. Besides, we convey ideas by eyes,the eyebrow and mouth movements also can not be ignored.2
24、.2 Hand language The use of hand and arm movements, is the most powerful method to convey his ideas in body language.In a general sense, we have to use hand gestures to help strengthen the ideas or describe things. Therefore, it is used everywhere. Even in a social situation. Gesture language is the
25、 most important part of the body language, is the most important silent language, is the most useful language. No matter the past, now and the future, its still an indispensable tool of people contacts. In the different nationality or ethnic groups, the meaning of same kind of sign language expressi
26、on may be roughly the same or similar, also may be quite the opposite. The following are several common sign language: V-gesture: It has become Esperanto for long time, and it is come from the United Kingdom because the V word in English on behalf of Victory, so V express the joy and sense of victor
27、y to people. When you use this gesture, you need turn your fingers back to your face. It is said that this gesture become popular after the British Prime Minister Winston Churchill use during the Second World War in English-speaking countries. Be careful when using this gesture, you must put palm ou
28、t, otherwise, means stigma, neglect to other. OK gesture: There is no doubt that it is also a Esperanto which composed of english letters O and K, its means no problem, everything is ready , also shows im fine, all right, thank you for your attention. However, in the south of France, OK gesture mean
29、s that something he disapproved is not worth mentioning. In the Middle East and North America, this gesture symbolizes holes, which have a clear meaning of homosexuality. If in the bar and other public places, someone show you this gesture is probably looking for a partner, and do not return a thumb
30、 gestures, you also do not think he told you OK,so you are politely return a ok. In addition, leg movements can also reveal personal potential consciousness.At a meeting, a staff suddenly received a call from his wife who said that her mother had a car accident and went to the hospital, asked him to
31、 the hospital immediately. After the call, of course, he was very anxious and want to ask for leave. But at that time, his manager is giving a speech and hate to be interrupted. If his action left a bad impression on the manager, it will directly affect his promotion prospects. He was quitely worrie
32、d, but can not take any action, so he frequently look at the door, and also turn his toes towards the door. At this moment, the manager just find his movement and ask the reason, then let him leave immediately.2.3 Poseture language Body language includes humans standing posture, walking posture and
33、sit, squat, stoop, sleep and so on. Psychologists have pointed out that a mans legs are close together when he standing,it generally make a stable and reliable impression on people, and it will also left a difficult communication impression ;while a man stand with his legs apart, his legs have a lit
34、tle toe out of people, then it gives a bold, aggressive proactive attitude to people;A mans legs close together, one after another, which reflects he has ambitious targets, haste temper but very brave and full of adventurous spirit; There is also a kind of person, when he stand focus on one foot, th
35、e other foots toes touch the ground behind gravity legs, these people would mostly like to change, willing to face challenge. Of course, standing posture not entirely representative of a person, because well-trained professionals could change body posture, but it at least can make it clear that stan
36、ding posture is an important language, it has the ability to convey his ideas. Persons walking posture can express a variety of feelings, such as pleasure,frustration,passion, or lazy, slack and so on. psychologists found that: the person whose pace is large and elastic, their hands swinging force,
37、are usually more self-confident, optimistic, objectives; walking pace inertia and variable of the speed ,that kind of person are more hesitant, pessimistic, insight view; People who like to dominate others usually like walk a high kick backwards ;When a women walking , the higher her arm swing, the
38、more t she is energetic; On the contrary, women who walked less by arm swinging, most of them are in the thoughts confusion or frustration.What the“ real” secret of the Body Language exhibited is that all verbal languages can not cover. In the process of intercultural communication, especially those
39、 regarding the interests and rights of negotiation, consultation, communication. experienced people who able to master“secret Body language”, often through analyse others instantaneous exposed body movements or posture, grasp each others mood swings, real inner intentions quickly.and thereby get the
40、 initiative and advantage position. So familiar with “Secret Body Language”as important as English proficiency, even more important. 2.The factors influence body language in intercultural communication .Because of different nationalities in which the ecological, physical, social and religious enviro
41、nment is different, each language environment have given rise to a different language habits, socio-cultural, folklore and customs of various contextual factors, and therefore in different cultures, the meaning of body language is not exactly the same, all ethnic groups of communication have differe
42、nt non-discursive way.The probable reasons that cause these diofference are as follow：3.1Different sense of value It should be recognized that the values of Eastern and Western cultures have lot of difference, due to the acceleration of world economic globlization process, the international cultural
43、 exchanges and cooperation become more frequent.The cultural mutual penetration of different levels in different countries and regions is more obvious, but some deep-rooted values of each are unique. For example, the United States as the representative of Western culture, in terms of value mainly sh
44、owed as utility, efficiency, emphasize individualism and privacy, have a strong sense of competition and adventure spirit.Besides, westerners havent thoughts of hierarchy, humble, and expensive, cheap distinction.Of course, many Westerners, is also have double standard in the values. Such as privacy
45、, some U.S. companies prevail to steal employees privacy, the company let security person look up the file folders, notebooks, open the phone calls, browsing phone automatically record card, or even open the computer, copy file on hard drive when the employees are go outside.Therefore, in the proces
46、s of intercultural communication, both sides want to achieve understanding and respect, we must first understand and respect each others values.3.2 Different customsIn the human experience and belief, custom play the dominant role, therefore, there is an old saying“when you in rome, do as romans do”
47、.And if we Chinese people visit others,the host usually offer tea or drinks for guest, the guests will repeatedly refuse and say “no”, or “dont bother” even if the guest is very thirsty, extremely desire to drink tea. While most of the foreigners, often require host if they can offer something to drink, or the host ask guests what would they like to drink, guests is very delight to tell the host what to drink. And there are lot of things sounds like a joke, but that is the true.