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1、练习答案(The Answers)PARTONEComputer BasicsUnit 1My ComputerSection AI.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:Charles Babbage;Augusta Ada Byroninput;outputVLSIworkstations;mainframesvacuum;transistorsinstructions;softwaredigit;eight;bytemicrominiaturization;chipIL Tran
2、slate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese andvice versa:1.artificial intelligence 人工智能2.paper-tape reader 纸带阅读机3.optical computer 光学计算机4.neural network 神经网络5.instruction set 指令集6.parallel processing 平行处理7.difference engine 差分机8.versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件9.silicon substrate
3、 硅基10.vacuum tube真 空 管（电子管）11.the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理12.very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路13.central processing unit 中央处理器14.personal computer 个人计算机15.analogue computer 模拟计算机16.digital computer 数字计算机17.general-purpose computer 通用计算机18.processor chip 处理器芯片19.operating inst
4、ructions 操作指令20.input device 输入设备III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the followinglist,making changes if necessary:2We can define a computer as a device that accepts input,processes data,storesdata,and produces output.According to the mode of processing,computers are either
5、analog or digital.They can be classified as mainframes,minicomputers,workstations,or microcomputers.All else(for example,the age of the machine)being equal,thiscategorization provides some indication of the computers speed,size,cost,andabilities.Ever since the advent of computers,there have been con
6、stant changes.First-generation computers of historic significance,such as UNIVAC,introduced in theearly 1950s,were based on vacuum tubes.Second-generation computers,appearingin the early 1960s,were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes.Inthird-generation computers,dating from the 1960s,in
7、tegrated circuits replacedtransistors.In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers,which firstappeared in the mid-1970s,large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to beincorporated on one chip.Fifth-generation computers are expected to combinevery-large-scale integration with sop
8、histicated approaches to computing,includingartificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.A computer system includes a computer,peripheral（夕卜围的）devices,and software.The electric,electronic,and mechanical devices used for processi
9、ng data are referredto as hardware.In addition to the computer itself,the term hardware refers tocomponents called peripheral devices that expand the computers input,output,andstorage capabilities.Computer hardware in and of itself does not provide a particularlyuseful mind tool.To be useful,a compu
10、ter requires a set of instructions,calledsoftware or a computer program,which tells the computer how to perform a particulartask.Computers become even more effective when connected to other computers in anetwork so users can share information.计算机系统包括计算机、外围设备和软件。用于处理数据的电动、电子与机械设备称为硬件。除了计算机本身之外，“硬件”这一
11、术语还指被称为外围设备的组件，这些外围设备可扩大计算机的输入、输出和存储能力。计算机硬件本身在本质上并未提供一件特别有用的智能工具。计算机要想变得有用，就需要有称为软件或计算机程序的套指令，来告诉计算机如何执行一项特定的任务。计算机在以下情况下变得更加有效：与网络中的其他计算机相连接，以使用户能够共享信息Section B I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.display2.underwater;GUI3.intranet4.functionality4II.Translate the following
12、 terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.circuit board 电路板2.beta testing B 测试3.thin-client computer 瘦客户机电脑4.cell phone蜂窝电话(移动电话)5.digital video数码摄像机，数码影视6.Pentium processor 奔腾处理器7.virtual screen 虚拟屏幕8.desktop computer specifications 台式计算机规格9.radio frequency 射频10.wearable computer
13、可佩带式计算机Section C PDA Prizefight:Palm vs.Pocket PCI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.With DataVizs Documents To Go,you can view and edit desktopdocuments on your PDA without converting them first to a PDA-specific.(format)2.Both Palm OS and Windows Mobile PDAs can offer e-m
14、ail viaso that new messages received on your desktop system are transferred to thePDA for on-the-go reading,(synchronization)3.The Windows Mobile keyboard,Block Recognizer,and Letter Recognizer5are all input areas,meaning they appear and disappear as needed,(virtual)4.Generally speaking,Windows Mobi
15、le performs better in enteringinformation and playing files while Palm OS offers easier operation,more programs,better desktop compatibility,and a stronger e-mailapplication,(multimedia;third-party)II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chineseand vice versa:1.data field数据字段2.
16、learning curve 学习曲线3.third-party solution 第 一:方解决方案4.Windows Media Player Windows 媒体播放器5.开始按钮 Start button6.指定输入区 designated input area7.手写体识别系统 handwriting-recognition system8.字符集 character setUnit 2 Computer ArchitectureSection A I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.input;
17、output;storage2.Basic Input Output System63.flatbed scanners;hand-held scanners4.LCD-based5.dot-matrix printers;inkjet printers6.disk drives;memory7.Volatile8.serial;parallelII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese andvice versa:1.information retrieval 信息检索2.voice recogn
18、ition module 语音识别模块3.touch-sensitive region 触感区，触摸区4.address b u s地址总线5.flatbed scanner平板扫描仪6.dot-matrix printer点阵打印机（针式打印机）7.parallel connection 并行连接8.cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9.video gam e电子游戏（港台亦称电玩）10.audio signal 音频信号11.operating system 操作系统12.LCD（liquid crystal display）液晶显示（器）13.inkjet printer 喷墨
19、打印机714.data b u s数据总线15.serial connection 串行连接16.volatile m em ory易失性存储器17.laser printer激光打印机18.disk d rive磁盘驱动器19.BIOS(Basic Input Output System)基本输入输出系统20.video d is p la y视频显示器III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the followinglist,making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands
20、 for compact disk read-only memory.Unlike floppy and harddisks,which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and Os,optical disks use reflectedlight.On a CD-ROM disk,1s and Os are represented by flat areas and bumpy areas(called 4,pits)on its bottom surface.The CD-ROM disk is read by a laser hat projec
21、tsa tiny beam of light on these areas.The amount of reflected ghi determines whetherthe area represents a 1 or a 0.Like a commercial CD found in music stores,a CD-ROM is a“read-only disk.Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user.Thus,you as a user8have access only to the data imp
22、rinted by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disk can store 650 megabytes of data.That is equivalent to451 floppy disks.With that much information on a single disk,the time to retrieve oraccess the information is very important.An important characteristic of CD-ROMdrives is their access rate.IV.Translate
23、 the following passage from English into Chinese.A modem is a device that converts between analog and digital signals.Digital signals,which are used by computers,are made up of separate units,usually represented by aseries of 1*s and Os.Analog signals vary continuously;an example of an analog signal
24、is a sound wave.Modems are often used to enable computers to communicate witheach other across telephone lines.A modem converts the digital signals of the sendingcomputer to analog signals that can be transmitted through telephone lines.When thesignal reaches its destination,another modem reconstruc
25、ts the original digital signal,which is processed by the receiving computer.If both modems can transmit data toeach other simultaneously,the modems are operating in full duplex（双工的）mode;ifonly one modem can transmit at a time,the modems are operating in half duplexmode.调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的
26、是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1 和 0 表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的9地后，另外个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。Section B I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
27、1.low-speed2.topology;hub3.control;bulk4.token;handshakeII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese andvice versa:1.ISA slot ISA 总线槽2.configuration register 配置寄存器3.still camera静物照相机4.token packet 令牌包5.expansion h u b 扩展集线器6.USB(Universal Serial B u s)通用串行总线7.root h u b 根集线器
28、8.I/O device输入输出设备109.control frame 控制帧10.PCI(Peripheral Component Interconnect)外部设备互连Section C I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.higher;cheaper;shelf space2.single-layer;double-sided;politics3.Substrate4.incompatibilityII.Translate the following terms or phrases from Eng
29、lish into Chinese andvice versa:1.video tape 录像带2.aspect ratio(电视、电影图像的)高宽比，纵横比3.CD-RW可擦写光驱4.laser diode 激光二极管5.reflective layer 反射层6.optical disk 光盘7.high resolution 高分辨率8.floppy disk 软盘Unit 3 Operating SystemSection A I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:IISoftware2.Multitas
30、king3.Virtual4.IBM or International Business Machines Corporation5.UNIX;multiuser6.Windows;mand-line8.distributedIL Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese andvice versa:1.data se t数据集2.pointing device 指点设备3.graphical user interface图形化用户界面4.time-slice multitasking 分时多任务处理5
31、.object-oriented programming 面向对象编程6.click on an icon 点击图标7.context switching 上下文转换8.distributed system 分布式系统9.pull-down lists of commands 命令的下拉列表10.simultaneous access 同时访问mand-line interface 命令行界面1212.multitasking environment 多任务化环境13.spreadsheet program 电子制表程序14.main memory 主存15.storage media 存储介
32、质16.disk f i l e磁盘文件mand interpreter命 令解释器work connection 网络连接19.DOS(disk operating system)磁盘操作系统20.copy a data f i l e拷贝数据文件III.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the followinglist,making changes if necessary:Operating systems for micro,mini,and mainframe computers perform ma
33、nyservices.These services can be classifiedeAher as“external or internal.The operating system provides external services that help users start programs,manage stored data,and maintain security.You,as the computer user,control theseexternal functions.Using a command-line,menu-driven,or GUI user inter
34、face,anoperating system provides you with a way to select the programs you would like touse.The operating system also helps you find,rename,and delete documents andother data stored on disk or tape.On many,but not all computer systems,the13operating system helps you maintain security by checking you
35、r user ID and password,as well as protecting your data from unauthorized access and revisions.The operating system provides internal settees behind the scenes”to ensurethat the computer system functions efficiently.These internal services are notgenerally under your control,but instead are controlle
36、d by the operating system itself.The operating system controls input and output,allocates system resources,manages the storage space for programs and data,and detects equipment failurewithout any direction from you.IV.Translate the following passage from English into Chinese.Multitasking,in computer
37、 science,is a mode of operation offered by an operatingsystem in which a computer works on more than one task at a time.There are severaltypes of multitasking.Context switching is a very simple type of multitasking in whichtwo or more applications are loaded at the same time but only the foreground（
38、前台的）application is given processing time;to activate（激活）a background（后台的）task,theuser must bring the window or screen containing that application to the front.Incooperative（合作的）multitasking,background tasks are given processing time duringidle times in the foreground task（such as when the applicatio
39、n waits for a keystroke）,and only if the application allows it.In time-slice multitasking each task is given themicroprocessors attention for a fraction of a second.To maintain order,tasks areeither assigned priority levels or processed in sequential（W 页序的）order.Because theusers sense of time is muc
40、h slower than the processing speed of the computer,14time-slice multitasking operations seem to be simultaneous.在计算机科学中，多任务处理是操作系统提供的一种操作方式，它使计算机一次可执行不止一项任务。多任务处理有几种类型。上卜.文切换是一种非常简单的多任务处理：两个或两个以上的应用程序同时装入，但只有前台应用程序得到处理时间；要激活后台任务，用户必须将含有该应用程序的窗口或屏幕调至前面。在合作多任务处理中，后台任务在前台任务空闲期间(例如，应用程序等待键击时)得到处理时间，但条件必
41、须是该应用程序允许这样做。在分时段的多任务处理中，每项任务得到微处理器儿分之秒的注意。为了维持次序，任务或被指定优先等级，或被按序依次处理。由于用户对时间的感觉要比计算机的处理速度慢得多，因此分时段的多任务操作似乎同时进行。Section B I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.NGSCB,the new security architecture Microsoft is developing forLonghorn,splits the OS into two parts:a standard mode
42、 and a(n)mode,(secure)2.It is reported that Longhorn will provide different levels of operation thatdisable the more intensive Aero effects to boost on less capable PCs.(performance)3.With Longhorns new graphics and presentation engine,we can create anddisplay Tiles on the desktop,which remind us of
43、 the old Active Desktop but arebased on instead of.(XML;HTML)4.The most talked-about feature in Longhorn so far is its new storage system,WinFS,which works like a(n)d a t a b a s e,(relational)II.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese15and vice versa:1.search box 搜索框2.bui
44、lt-in firewall 内置防火墙3.standalone application 独立应用程序4.active desktop 活动桌面5.mobile device 移动设备6.专有软件 proprietary software7.快速加载键 quick-launch key8.图形加速器 graphics accelerator9.虚拟文件夹virtual folder10.三维界面 three-dimensional interfaceSection C I.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.R
45、eleases2.Windows 20003.4Gbps or 4 gigabits per second4.SMP;networking;memoryII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese andvice versa:work throughput 网络吞吐量2.registry access 注册表存取163.scalable file server规模可变的文件服务4.static Web page 静态网页5.physical me mory 物理内存6.Plug and Play 即插
46、即用work adapter 网络适配器8.SMP(symmetric m ultiprocessing)对称多任务处理Unit 4 Computer Language and ProgrammingSection A L Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.artificial;instructions2.low-level;high-level3.low-level4.Machine5.functional;logic6.Statement7.Module8.digitalIL Translate the
47、following terms or phrases from English into Chinese andvice versa:1.storage register 存储寄存器2.function statement 函数语句173.program statement 程序语句4.object-oriented language 面向对象语言5.assembly language 匚编语言6.intermediate language中间语言，中级语言7.relational language 关 系（型）语言8.artificial language 人造语言9.data declar
48、ation 数据声明10.S Q L 结构化查询语言11.executable program 可执行程序12.program module 程序模块13.conditional statement 条件语句14.assignment statemen t 赋值语句15.logic language 逻辑语言16.machine language 机器语言17.functional language 函数式语言18.programming language 程序设计语言19.run a computer program 运行计算机程序puter programme r 计算机程序设计员III.
49、Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the followinglist,making changes if necessary:18A programming language is a language used to write instructions for thecomputer.It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic mannerwithout regard to machine-specific details.The
50、difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of Os and 1s led firstto the development of assembly language,which allows programmers to usemnemonics for instructions and symbols for variables.Such programs are thentranslated by a program known as an assembler into the binary encoding used b