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1、2021年山西省高考英语总复习：阅读理解1.Chinas Bao Yongqing has been named the overall winner of the Wildlife Photographer of theYear competition for 2019,claiming one of the worlds top photography awards.The competition is developed and produced by the Natural History Museum inLondon.This year*s competition,the 55th
2、,drew more than 48,000 entries from 100countries.The winning entry by Bao,a native of Qinghai province,is titled TheMoment.It captures a remarkable standoff between a Tibetan fbx and a marmot(土拨鼠)，and was taken on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Photographically,it is quite simply theperfect moment,“said
3、Roz Kidman Cox,the chairwoman of the judging panel.Theexpressive intensity of the postures holds you transfixed,and the thread of energy between theraised paws seems to hold the protagonists in perfect balance*,Cox said.To have capturedsuch a powerful interaction between a Tibetan fox and a marmot-t
4、wo species key to theecology of this high-grassland region-is extraordinary.Museum Director Michael Dixonsaid the picture captured natures ultimate challenge-the battle fbr survival.Bao,in a group interview on Wednesday,said of the photo：It is very difficult andrare to capture this kind of moment,so
5、 I knew it was something very special.It took abouttwo or three hours to get this photo.I was watching them for a long time.I have paidattention to this competition for a long time,and my first puipose was to show my image tothe world,and secondly to protect the environment and my homeland,he said.*
6、In myhometown,everyone looks after the animals,so when I go home with this award,it will bean encouragement to our people to be more protective of animals and the environment.Inaddition,the photographer said：This competition is one of the most important amongphotographers in China,so I wanted to dra
7、w peoples attention to animal protection.I hopeit will introduce a passion for animals to more people.The exhibition at the Natural History Museum in Kensington will open on Friday and runthrough the end of May next year,when it will go on a national and internationaltour.Entries for next years comp
8、etition will be accepted beginning on Oct.21.(1)What does the underlined word protagonists in the 2nd paragraph mean?第1页 共7 4页A.Onlookers.B.Photographers.C.Hunters.D.Main characters.(2)Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?A.The Wildlife Photographer of the Year originated from London.B.T
9、he Wildlife Photographer of the Year is a domestic competition in China.C.The competition drew worldwide attention,making it the best event in photography.D.Entries are strictly restricted,mainly focused on endangered animals.(3)What is the reason for Bao*s winning the award?A.His capturing a crucia
10、l moment between two typical species.B His expertise in photography.C.His passionate devotion to wildlife protection.D.His publicizing the knowledge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.(4)What can we infer from the passage?A.In Baos hometown,everyone looks after animals.B.Taking photos can sometimes be painsta
11、king.C.Photograph is sure to raise public awareness of animal protection.D.The exhibition will go on a tour in China next year.2.The 3D-printing industry is accelerating its efforts to help fight the new coronavirus and thedisease it causes,COVID-19.On Tuesday,HP announced it*s working with those wh
12、o bought its 3D printers to makemedical face shields,hands-free door openers and an adjuster for face masks for medicalstaff who often must wear them for hours.Its also testing hospital-grade face masksmeeting the higher-end FFP3(过滤式面罩)standard and parts for simple emergencyventilators(呼吸机)and its l
13、ooking into nasal swabs to test for COVID-19 infection.HPalso is offering free downloads of its 3D-printed medical equipment designs.Carbon,whose 3D printers are used to make everything from bicycle seats to teethstraighteners,said it plans to send face shield designs to its network of customers who
14、vebought its 3D printers.Carbon co-founder and Executive Chairman Joseph DeSimone said第2页 共7 4页on Monday the company expects to send the designs by early Tuesday.3D-printer makers typically sell their products to others that actually do the 3Dprinting.One such customer,Ford,said Tuesday that its mad
15、e 1,000 face shields andshipped them to Michigan hospitals,with plans to make 100,000 face shields a week.It isalso working with 3M and General Electric on respirator masks and ventilator designs.The effort is one of several to apply 3D-printing technology to the fight againstcoronavirus.3D printing
16、 isnt as fast at churning out products as conventional massproduction methods.But 3D printers are flexible and able to make many different partsanywhere theres a printer and raw materials like the plastic resins Carbon printers use.Some 3D-printing efforts have focused on ventilators,which expected
17、to be in shortsupply with a surge of COVID-19 patients suffering from respiratory(呼吸器官)problems.Also in short supply are N95 masks that can be useful in reducing the likelihood awearer will spread COVID-19 to others.Carbons DeSimone is cautious about the enthusiasm,though,saying that regulatoryappro
18、val is important and that 3D-printer enthusiasts shouldnt be making components notintended for close human contact that might release unhealthy gases.(1)What is the passage mainly about?A.An introduction about 3D-printing.B.The 3D-printing industrys efforts to help fight COVID-19.C.The products that
19、 3D-printing makers sell.D.How 3D-printing makers produce medical equipment.(2)HP announced to help its customers to make the following products except for.A.medical face shieldsB.hands-free door openersC.an adjuster for face masksD.emergency ventilators(3)Which of the following is true according to
20、 the passage?A.Carbons company will finish its design after Tuesday.B.Ford has made 1,000 face shields end plans to make 10,000 more in a week.第3页 共7 4页C.3D printers are more flexible than traditional mass production methods.D.Most 3D-printings focus on making ventilators and N95 because of their sh
21、ort supply.（4）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A.3D-printing may release unhealthy gases.B.DeSimone is cautious about 3D-printing.C.Carbon*s company didnt gain regulatory approval of making medical equipment.D.3D printers arent enthusiastic about making components designed for close huma
22、n contact.3.Loneliness hurts.It is psychologically distressing and so physically unhealthy that beinglonely increases the likelihood of an earlier death by 26 percent.But psychologists think ithurts so much because,like hunger and thirst,loneliness acts as a biological alarm bell.On March 26,just as
23、 the COVID-19 pandemic gripped the world,researchers fromthe Massachusetts Institute of Technology posted a report on bioRxiv.It is the first study inhumans to show that both loneliness and hunger share signals deep in a part of the brain thatgoverns very basic impulses for reward and motivation.So,
24、our need to connect isapparently as fundamental as our need to eat.The researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging（fMRI）to compare brainresponses to loneliness and hunger.40 adult participants underwent a 10-hour sessiondepriving（剥 夺）them of food and another 10-hour session denying them s
25、ocialcontact.Both sessions served as a control（对照）condition for each other.The social-isolation condition was challenging to arrange.Some people are lonely in acrowd,while others enjoy solitude To induce（弓 I 起）not just objective isolation but subjectivefeelings of loneliness,the researchers had the
26、participants spend their time from 9A.M.to7 P.M.in a room at the laboratory without phones,laptops or even novels in case fictionalcharacters provided some social support.Puzzles were allowed,as was preapprovednonfiction reading or writing.Researchers then focused on a midbrain region called Hthe su
27、bstantia nigra*,a center ofdopamine（多巴胺）release involved with motivation and desire.The dopaminergicresponse shows a strong wanting.In the scanner,participants saw images of their preferredforms of social interaction and of their favorite foods,as well as a control image offlowers.It was then found
28、that the substantia nigra responded only to cues of what they had第4页 共7 4页been deprived of.The magnitude of the response correlated with the subjects*self-reports ofhow hungry or lonely they were,though the feelings of hunger were consistently stronger.Finally,the researchers used machine learning t
29、o confirm their findings.A softwareclassifier trained to recognize neural patterns during fasting(斋戒)proved able to recognizesimilar neural patterns from the social-isolation condition even thoughit had never seenthem.So there seems to be an underlying shared neural signature between the two states.
30、Even before the COVID-19 pandemic,an obvious next question for the work waswhether different forms of social media could satisfy the need for social connection.Thoseresearchers were never able to get funding for such a study.But now it seems they will.(1)The report posted on March 26.A.is based on t
31、he social-isolation condition during the pandemicB.is the first study on the effect of loneliness on human beingsC.reflects the similarity between loneliness and hungerD.shows human need for reward and motivation(2)What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A.Why inducing feelings of loneliness was challengin
32、g.B.How loneliness was created among participants.C.Why participants were denied access to phones.D.How researchers compared brain responses.(3)We can infer that participants substantia nigra s h o we d response(s)to the imageof flowers.A.littleB.variousC.strongD.consistent(4)What does the underline
33、d it in Paragraph 6 refer to?A.The neural signature.B.Fasting.C.Machine learning.第5页 共7 4页D.The classifier.4.Dolphin（海豚）or not a dolphin?That is the question!You see,there are several typesof dolphins.Some are saltwater dolphins while others are river dolphins.What are the 32 types of dolphins?”When
34、 people are asking the question,they areactually referring to the saltwater dolphins in oceans and seas.The river dolphins living infresh water are not included in these species（物种）.But what would be the answer in thiscase if we ask,Dolphin or not a dolphin?”The answer would obviously be yes.Riverdo
35、lphins still belong to the dolphin family.Among the 32 types of dolphins,some do not actually wear the word dolphin*in theirnames,such as the tucuxi,while others actually have the word whale1 2 as part of their nameseven if they are not whales but in fact,belong to the dolphin family,for example,the
36、 melon-headed whale and the killer whale.So what would be the answer to the question dolphinor not a dolphin?”in these cases?It would be yes.All these species do belong to thedolphin family.（1）Which of the following actually belongs to the whale family?A.The tucuxi.B.The beluga.C.The killer whale.D.
37、The melon-headed whale.（2）What do we know about the majority of the dolphins?Another question that people ask is,Are the sea animals that perform at aquariums（水族馆）all dolphins?So,it always seems to come back to the question,n Dolphin or not adolphin?”Well the answer is no in this case.The sea animal
38、s that perform there are not alldolphins.The beluga which people tend to think belong to the dolphin family because theyshow what seems like a smile,like most dolphins,are in fact a species of the whale family.Now that you read these facts about dolphins,you probably realize that certain seaanimals
39、may appear to be part of the dolphin species and that others seem to be part of thewhale family but in either case,it is not obvious and can be surprising when you identify a seaanimal as being a dolphin or not a dolphin.That is the question!第6页 共7 4页A.They perform for audience.B They appear friendl
40、y.C.They look like whales.D.They live in fresh water.(3)What paragraph could be added about dolphins before the last paragraph if you were theauthor?_A.The living area.B.Dolphin training.C The eating habits.D,Further identification.(4)This article can be classified as.A.popular scienceB.literary fic
41、tionC a news reportD.a travel diary5.Experience all the most famous sights in Copenhagen with our Hop On-Hop Off and CitySightseeing tours equipped with audio guide in II languages.Choose between three differentroutes that will take you through different and diverse areas of the city：The ClassicCope
42、nhagen tour,the Urban Green tour or the Colorful Copenhagen tour.It is up to you ifyou want to stay on board for a full ride or if you want to get off and explore sights on theway.You can hop off and on as much as you like.If you prefer a non-stop tour,thenCopenhagen Panorama is perfect for you.This
43、 tour will take you to all the mainattractions.It is live guided in English and includes photo stops at The Little Mermaid,Amalienborg Palace and the Opera.Danes love being close to the water and this is no exception in Copenhagen.The waterside of the city is very lively,and citizens love to spend t
44、heir spare time along thecanals.Explore the harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour.Choose between theclassic I hour live guided Grand Tour or the Hop On-Hop Off boat tour with audio guide andexperience Copenhagen and its beauty from the water side.If you cant decide between bus and boat-n
45、o worries.You can get both.A ticket that第7页 共7 4页combines bus and boat will give you the very best opportunity to discover Copenhagen at yourown pace.With our combination tickets you even save money compared to buying separatetickets.A ticket to our combination tours allows you to experience all tha
46、t Copenhagen has tooffer from the water as well as from the land.Of course,you can freely switch between ourbuses and boats at various spots across the city if you go for the hop-on hop-off option.Experience all the main attractions in the city：The Little Mermaid,the royal castleAmalienborg Palace,p
47、icturesque historical buildings like the colorful Nyhavn and feel thefree spirit of Freetown Christania and the hygge at Frederiksbergs green areas.Our buses andboats take you easily to all the top attractions in Copenhagen!(1)The text is most probably taken f r om.A.a research paperB.a text bookC a
48、 travel brochureD.a user guide(2)What can we learn from the first paragraph?A.You can hop on a bus or boat for limited times.B.The Colorful Copenhagen tour is a non-stop tour.C.Sightseeing tours are equipped with video guide in 11 languages.D.All the main scenic spots are covered in the Copenhagen P
49、anorama tour.(3)If you want to fully explore Copenhagen at your own pace,which might be the bestchoice?_A.Choose the classic I hour live guided Grand Tour.B.Get a combination ticket that combines bus and boat tours.C.First buy a bus ticket and then buy a boat ticket for all the attractions.D.Explore
50、 the idyllic harbor and canals of Copenhagen with a canal tour.6.Rivers are the veins of the Earth,transporting the water and nutrients(营养物)needed tosupport the planets ecosystems,including human life.While many nutrients are essential tothe survival of life,there is one element transported by water