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1、江苏专转本英语江苏专转本英语 6 6 年真题解析及年真题解析及 20212021 考点预测考点预测语法篇语法篇-非谓语动词及独立主格结构非谓语动词及独立主格结构5 5、非谓语动词及独立主格结构、非谓语动词及独立主格结构2020/2020/非谓语动词非谓语动词/不定式短语不定式短语(2020/23)It is accepted that children need friends of their age _.A.to playB.to be played withC.to be playedD.to play with【答案】D【解析】不定式 to play with 的逻辑主语是 child
2、ren，逻辑宾语是（with 的宾语）friends.Children play,play with friends.例：Could you find someone _?A.for me to play tennis withB.for me to play tennisC.play tennis withD.playing tennis（选 A）2020/2020/非谓语动词非谓语动词/动名词的被动语态动名词的被动语态(2020/25)Before classes,some teachers would ask their students to hand in their mobile
3、phones to preventthem from _.A.being distractedB.being attractedC.distractingD.attracting【答案】A【解析】prevent sb./sth.from doing(being done)；动名词短语 being distracted 作介词 from 宾语，其逻辑主语是“them(students)”，此句内含语义“The students are distracted by mobile phones.”20192019 年真题年真题*着重讲解近 5 年出现的非答案词汇。prevent sb./sth.fr
4、om doing(being done)2020/2020/非谓语动词非谓语动词/动名词做介词宾语动名词做介词宾语(2020/35)No one is permitted to enter the museum without _ his/her ID card.A.having to showB.being shownC.showingD.having shown【答案】C【解析】介词 without 后接动名词短语，showing his/her ID card 逻辑主语是 one，one 与 showing his/herID card 为主动关系。（注：四个皆为非谓语动词。A.表主动；
5、B.表被动（完成）；C.表“目的，方向，将要，趋势”；D.主动（强调完成）2020/2020/非谓语动词非谓语动词/不定式短语不定式短语(2020/36)The fire fighters made all their efforts _ the big fire.A.to put outB.to have put outC.having put outD.being put out【答案】A【解析】固定搭配 made ones efforts to do sth.fire fighters 与 put out 是主动关系。2020/2020/非谓语动词非谓语动词/动名词做主语动名词做主语(2
6、020/37)_ late frequently will do harm to your health.A.Stay upB.Staying upC.To have stayedD.Having stayed【答案】B【解析】动名词短语 Staying up late frequently 表达一件事情。此题同类题特别多，重点把握“动名词表达一件事情”。stay up 属于高频词汇。2020/2020/非谓语动词非谓语动词/不定式特殊结构不定式特殊结构(2020/39)Yesterday I went to see her,_ that she had gone abroad a week
7、before.A.findB.foundC.only to findD.to have found【答案】C【解析】动词不定式作结果状语，意思是“不料（却），结果（却）,表示一个没有料到的结果。高频结构高频结构。真题、模拟题多次考过。20122012 年真题重点讲解年真题重点讲解20102010 年真题重点讲解年真题重点讲解20072007 年真题重点讲解年真题重点讲解2019/2019/非谓语动词非谓语动词/现在分词短语作定语现在分词短语作定语=who=who is/are doing(do/does)is/are doing(do/does)27.Most of the employees
8、_ in this company are young people.A.workedB.workingC.to workD.having worked【答案】B【句意】这个公司的大多数员工都是年轻人。【解析】动词加 ing.短语，表示主动，作定语。2019/2019/非谓语动词非谓语动词/不定式短语表将来要做（被做）不定式短语表将来要做（被做）33.The meeting_ next Thursday mainly aims to deal with the pollution problems.A.being heldB.heldC.to be heldD.having been held
9、【答案】C【句意】下周四将举行的会议主要是为了解决污染问题。【解析】考查不定式的被动做定语，因为是下周举行而且meeting 和 hold 是被动关系，用不定式的被动做定语。动词不定式的基本用法，做定语时可以表示将要发生的动作，同时还要注意动词不定式的被动语态用法。如果是正在被，用 being done 做定语，如果是已经被，就用过去分词做定语。2019/2019/非谓语动词非谓语动词/现在分词短语作状语表伴随现在分词短语作状语表伴随=and do/does=and do/does39.My brother called from Guangzhou,_ me that he had foun
10、d a good job.A.to tellB.toldC.tellingD.having told【答案】C【句意】我哥哥从广州打电话给我，说他找到了一份好工作。【解析】动词加 ing.短语，与逻辑主语（my brother）是主动关系，表示动作伴随着（同时）发生。2018/非谓语动词/独立主格结构独立主格结构24.All flights _because of the strike,they had to find some other means of transportation.A.having been canceledB.had been canceledC.having can
11、celedD.were canceled【答案】A【句意】由于罢工，所有的航班都被取消了，他们不得不找一些其他的交通工具。【解析】考核独立主格结构。名词普通格+现在分词短语的被动语态，相当于 Since all flights had been canceled becauseof the strike,2018/2018/非谓语动词非谓语动词/不定式短语不定式短语/主动表被动主动表被动26.After the party,the hostess did not know who _for the broken vase.A.will blameB.blamedC.to blameD.blam
12、es【答案】C=After the party,the hostess did not know who was to blame for the broken vase.1)to blame 形式衣示被动含义!2)相似题I feel it is your husband who_ for the spoiled child.A is to blameB is going to blameC is to be blamedD.should blame2018/非谓语动词/过去分词短语表被动过去分词短语表被动=逻辑主语逻辑主语+be+done+be+done33._of an unhappy m
13、arriage,she felt greatly relieved and was eager to embrace a new life.A.To be freeB.FreeingC.To freeD.Freed【答案】D【句意】从一段不幸福的婚姻中解脱出来，她感到非常欣慰，并且渴望拥抱新的生活。【解析】过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。Freed of anunhappy marriage,=Since she was freed of an unhappy marriage,2018/非谓语动词/现在分词短语现在分词短语/固定搭配固定搭配
14、36.I am sorry I kept _ for such long time,for the machine didnt work properlyA.you waitedB.you waitC.you to waitD.you waiting【答案】D【句意】对不起，我让你等了这么久，因为机器不能正常工作。【解析】keep sb.Doing sth.“使某人一直保持做某事”。2017/2017/非谓语动词非谓语动词/现在分词短语表伴随现在分词短语表伴随28.Nowadays the Internet has become an important way of communicatio
15、n,_ us to keep in contact with our friendsand relatives in the distance.答案：B考核：分词。一个完整的句子，逗号后面通常用现在分词做伴随或结果状语！2017/非谓语动词/现在分词作状语现在分词作状语=After+=After+逻辑主语逻辑主语+had/have done+had/have done 32._ preparing dinner,she stood at the front door waiting for her children to return.A.To finishB.Having finishedC
16、.Having been finishedD.Finished【答案】B【考点】非谓语动词考核：分词做状语。在谓语动作之前发生要用完成体。She had finished.2017/非谓语动词/不定式不定式/固定搭配固定搭配35.The boy had no choice but _ his father into the room.A.to followB.followingC.followedD.follows答案：A（考核：不定式，前无do 后有 to）2017/非谓语动词/现在分词短语作定语现在分词短语作定语=wh=which do/does ich do/does 57.Perhap
17、s the most popular tourist attraction on the island is the beautiful beach _ _ warm water,abundant sea life,andclean sand.A.makingB.showingC.lendingD.offering【答案】D【句意】也许岛上最受欢迎的旅游景点是美丽的海滩，提供着温水、丰富的海洋生物和干净的沙子。【解析】送分题，非谓语动词-ing，根据意思选择“提供”。2016/固定搭配（不定式固定搭配（不定式D.being permittingto permit B.permitting C.
18、permittedtoto）()22.Quite a lot of young people are willing _ with the old lady,for she is a friendly and easy-going person.A.talkingB.to talkC.to be talked D.being talked【答案】B【考点】固定搭配【句意】有很多年轻人愿意和这个上了年纪的女士聊天，因为她是一位友好且容易相处的人。【解析】be willing to do 愿意做某事2016/非谓语动词/独立主格结构独立主格结构()25.All fights _ due to th
19、e fog,they decided to go to Guangzhou by train.A.have been cancelledC.having been cancelled【答案】C【考点】独立主格【句意】由于大雾，所有的航班都被取消了，所以他们决定坐火车去广州。2016/非谓语动词（被动语态、宾补）非谓语动词（被动语态、宾补）()33.The Production Department,as well as other departments,will have its budget _ to$3 million this year.B.having cancelledD.were
20、 cancelledA.increasedB.being increasedC.to increaseD.to have been increased【答案】A【考点】固定搭配【句意】生产部门和其他部门今年要把他们的预算增长到3 百万。【解析】have sth.done,使得怎么样；过去分词作宾补表示被动2016/非谓语动词/现在分词短语表原因现在分词短语表原因=because+=because+逻辑主语逻辑主语+do/does+do/does39._ that I wasnt going to get much chance for promotion,I decided to quit t
21、hat job.A.RealizingB.To realizeC.Being realizedD.Realized【答案】A【句意】因为意识到我没有晋升的机会了，所以我决定辞职。【解析】分词作状语2015/非谓语动词/不定式不定式/固定搭配固定搭配21.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation,but he wouldnt listen.A.to eat notB.eating notC.not to eat D.not eating【答案】C【句意】病人被警告在术后不要吃油腻的食物，但是他不听。【解析】警告某人不要做某事：w
22、arn sb.not to do 或 warn sb.against doing2015/形容词/非谓语动词非谓语动词/形容词形容词23.The girl was so _ at her fathers decision about her marriage that she had a bitter quarrel with him.A.disappointingB.disappointedC.delightedD.exciting【答案】B【句意】这个女孩对父亲有关于她婚姻的决定如此失望，他们大吵了一架。【解析】本题虽然形式上是单词辨析题，但实际上是考查分词作表语的区别。现在分词（-ing
23、）表示特性，表示主动；过去分词（-ed）表示状态，表示被动。eg:His argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。eg:We are convinced by his argument.我们相信他的论点。（被他的论点说服了。）2015/非谓语动词/动名词动名词/否定否定27.-I must apologize for _ the meeting ahead of time.-Thats all right.B.not letting you knowD.letting not you knowA.letting you not knowC.letting y
24、ou know not【答案】B【句意】我必须为没有让你提前知道这个会议表示道歉。【解析】apologize for(not)doing sth.2015/非谓语动词/only+only+不定式结构不定式结构39.The middle aged woman rushed to the station only _ that the last bus had gone.A.findingB.to findC.foundD.finds【答案】B【句意】这个中年妇女匆忙跑去车站却发现最后一班车已经开走了。【解析】only+不定式，表示不好的结果。learn/find/see/hear/to be t
25、old/make等具有界限含义的动词不定式，作结果状语，常与only to 连用，表示不好的结果eg:He ran to her house to make an apology only to be told shes gone.他跑到她家想要道歉，却被告知她已经走了。近近 6 6 年真题非谓语动词年真题非谓语动词 独立主格结构考点解析及独立主格结构考点解析及 20212021 考点预测：考点预测：非谓语动词形式多样，每年涉及的考点较多，对于非谓语动词，答题时要符合以下非谓语动词形式多样，每年涉及的考点较多，对于非谓语动词，答题时要符合以下几个步骤：几个步骤：1 1、20212021 年重点
26、关注年重点关注动名词、不定式动名词、不定式之外之外的非谓语动词。的非谓语动词。2 2、形式判断，、形式判断，A.B.C.D.A.B.C.D.四个选项至少有两项符合非谓语动词特征：第一个单词四个选项至少有两项符合非谓语动词特征：第一个单词（非（非副词，二十年真题中主要是副词，二十年真题中主要是 notnot）“（1 1）末尾是）末尾是-ing-ing，-ed-ed（过去分词，有的是不规则变过去分词，有的是不规则变化）；化）；（2 2）不定式）不定式“toto”,基本判定是非谓语动词考题。基本判定是非谓语动词考题。3 3、与逻辑主语的关系、与逻辑主语的关系（独立主格结构的逻辑主语在非谓语动词前面）
27、，现在分词（独立主格结构的逻辑主语在非谓语动词前面），现在分词表示表示“主动；进行主动；进行”，过去分词，过去分词表示表示“被动（完成）被动（完成）”，不定式表示不定式表示“将要发生将要发生”。4 4、特殊结构特殊结构：（1 1）having(been)donehaving(been)done 强调强调“逻辑主语完成了某事之后逻辑主语完成了某事之后,=After+=After+逻辑主语逻辑主语+have/has/had(been)done+have/has/had(been)done”（2 2）to have donto have done e 也表示也表示“逻辑主语之前做了逻辑主语之前做了某
28、事某事”。转本英语语法专题转本英语语法专题 0505 非谓语动词非谓语动词一、基本分类一、基本分类非谓语动词分为三类：分词(现在分词和过去分词)、动名词和动词不定式。它们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。1.1.分词分词(1)(1)感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过感官动词或使役动词后的现在分词作补语表示动作正在进行，不定式作补语表示动作发生的全过程。程。I saw him walking across the roadwalking across the road.(正在穿过马路)
29、I saw him walk across the road.walk across the road.(看到过了马路的全过程)(2)(2)及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词(done)(done)与现在分词的一般被动式与现在分词的一般被动式(being done)(being done)都有被动意义，前者表示动作完都有被动意义，前者表示动作完成，后者表示动作正在进行。成，后者表示动作正在进行。The picture fixed on the wallfixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(已经被钉在墙上了)The picture being
30、 fixed on the wall being fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(正被钉在墙上)注意：不定式有表将来之意。The picture to be fixed on the wallto be fixed on the wall was presented by a friend.(将要被钉在墙上)(3)(3)分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构分词的独立主格结构：如果分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，需用一个独立结构(即保留即保留分词的逻辑主语分词的逻辑主语)或者由一个或者由一个
31、 with/withoutwith/without 引导的介词短语表达。引导的介词短语表达。Time permitting,Time permitting,well do another two exercises.His work finished,he prepared to go home.With his work finished,With his work finished,he prepared to go home.2.2.动名词动名词(1)动名词作定语表所修饰词的用途，而现在分词表动作或状态、特征。(2)动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用宾格代词或不带所有格。但作主
32、语不行。Do you mind my/me/Tom smoking here?My/Toms smoking here annoyed her.(3)动名词作主语还可用于“There be no动名词”结构和布告形式的省略中。There is no knowing what he will do next.no knowing what he will do next.No smoking.3.3.动词不定式动词不定式(1)不定式作介词宾语时，如前面有实义动词 do(各种形式)，则不定式不带 to；否则不能省 to。He did nothing all the morning but but
33、watch TV.He said nothing but tobut to sleep.(2)不定式作定语时，如果不定式与所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且不定式的动词是不及物动词，不能漏掉介词。I wantwant a small room to to live in.I need need a nice pen to to write with.(3)不定式作感官动词和部分使役动词(let,make)的宾补，动词不定式不带 to，但句子变成被动语态时，要带 to。I saw him go into the room.He was seen to go into to go into the
34、 room.(4)“only+不定式（短语）”：only 后接不定式表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果。如：I arrived at the shop only to find Id left all my money at home.我到商店却发现钱全放在家里。He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。His opposition served only to strengthen our resolve.他的反对反而增强了我们的决心。She ran to the station only to find tha
35、t the train had left.她跑到火车站，但火车却开走了。转本英语试题中时常出现此种结构：转本英语试题中时常出现此种结构：Sb.is/was+done+to doSb.is/was+done+to doLucy is believed to go to London.Lucy 被认为将要去伦敦。（没去）Lucy is believed to going to London.Lucy 被认为正在去伦敦的路上。（在去的路上）Lucy is believed to have gone to London.Lucy 被认为去过伦敦。（已经去了）此类动词还有：said,considered
36、,reported,found,requiredsaid,considered,reported,found,required 等。二、过去分词二、过去分词过去分词是非谓语动词一种重要形式，它在句中可作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语，作用相当于一个定语从句。Whats the language(that is)spoken in that area?spoken in that area?那个地区讲的是什么语言？The book,(which was)written in 1957written in 1957,tells the struggle of the
37、 miners.这本书写于 1957 年，讲的是关于矿工斗争的故事。2.2.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，可以表示原因、时间、条件、方式和伴随情况。Given advice by the famous detective,Given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.有了著名的侦探的指点，年轻的女士不再害怕了。When heated,When heated,water can be changed into steam.水加热后可以变成蒸气。*Given more attentio
38、n,*Given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.如果多注意一些，这些大白菜还可以长得更好。The hunter left his house,followed by his dog.followed by his dog.猎人离开了屋子，后面跟着他的狗。He rushed into the room,his face covered with sweat.his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗地冲进屋内。（独立主格结构）（独立主格结构）三、动词不定式三、动词不定式1.省略“to”的动词不定式t
39、o 是动词不定式常常带有的小品词，是动词不定式的标志。但在下列情况下它常常被省略掉：(1)作感官动词 see,watch,hear,feel,notice 等的宾语补足语时。We felt the house shake.我们感到房屋摇晃。(2)作使役动词 make,let,have 等的宾语补足语时。She lets us meet her at the station.她让我们去车站接她。(3)help 后的宾语补足语前可带 to 也可不带 to。She helped her mother(to)prepare for Christmas.她帮助母亲为圣诞节做准备。2.2.疑问词动词不定式
40、疑问词动词不定式疑问词疑问词 whatwhat，whichwhich，howhow，wherewhere，whenwhen 等可以和动词不定式连用，构成不定式短语。等可以和动词不定式连用，构成不定式短语。“疑问词疑问词动词不定式动词不定式”可以作主语、宾语、表语等。可以作主语、宾语、表语等。When to start offWhen to start off hasnt been decided yet.(作主语)什么时候出发还没决定。The question is which bus to take.which bus to take.(作表语)问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。四、动词ing 形式动词
41、ing 形式(包括现在分词和动名词)有一般时和完成时两种形式，并且也都有被动语态，在句中可以作主语、宾语、状语和补语等成分。动词ing 形式考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.1.动词动词inging 形式作宾语形式作宾语在某些 finish,enjoy,appreciate,avoid,suggest,consider,imagine,stand,excuse,delay,escape,risk,miss,admit,permit,allow 动词的后面只能接动词ing 形式作宾语。My brother is now considering changing his present job.ch
42、anging his present job.The bird was very lucky because it missed being shot by the hunter.being shot by the hunter.2.动词ing 形式作宾语时和不定式的区别在 forget,remember,regret 等动词后接动词ing 形式和不定式作宾语在含义上有区别。Remember to put the book on the desk when you leave the room.(记得去做某事)I remember putting the book on the desk,re
43、member putting the book on the desk,but its gone now.(记得做过某事)3.3.动词动词inging 形式作状语形式作状语动词动词inging 形式可以作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语等。形式可以作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语等。“We cant go out in this weather，”said Bob,looking out of the window.looking out of the window.The secretary stayed up late last night,preparing a report for the
44、manager.preparing a report for the manager.4.4.动词动词inging 形式作宾补形式作宾补动词ing 形式作补语时和前面的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系。It is generally consideredconsidered bad manners toto sit with your feet pointing to others.You will be fired if you are found smokingfound smoking in the kitchen.5.5.动词动词inging 形式的完成时和语态形式的完成时和语态动词ing 形式
45、的被动式由”being done”构成，它作定语时表示正在进行或和谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作；动词ing 形式的完成时由”havingdone”构成，表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作。The stadium being builtbeing built can hold 50,000 people when completed.Having been shown around the lab,Having been shown around the lab,the visitors were taken to the playground.与 Shown around the lab,Shown
46、 around the lab,the visitors learned a lot more about the school.区别。非谓语动词考查点是非谓语动词作定语、宾语补足语和状语的区别。一、非谓语动词作定语时的区别一、非谓语动词作定语时的区别现在分词(doing)作定语，表示一个主动的或正在进行的动作；现在分词的被动语态(being done)表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作；不定式(to do)作定语表示一个将要发生的动作。The meeting(which is)being held nowbeing held now is very important.正在召开的这个会议很重要。
47、The meeting(which was)held yesterdayheld yesterday is very important.昨天召开的会议很重要。The meeting which will be held(to be held)(to be held)tomorrow is very important.明天将要召开的会议很重要。二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别二、非谓语动词作宾语补足语的区别不定式与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系，强调动作将发生或已经完成；现在分词与宾语的逻辑关系是主谓关系，强调动作正在进行，尚未完成；过去分词与宾语的逻辑关系是动宾关系，表示动作已经完成，多强调状态
48、。I expect them toexpect them to win the game.我期盼他们赢得这场比赛。I heard him call mcall me several times.我听见他给我打了几次电话了。I found her listening to listening to the radio.我发现她正在听收音机。三、非谓语动词作状语的区别三、非谓语动词作状语的区别过去分词表示被动和动作完成；现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行；不定式表示目的。Discussed(Having been discussed)many times,Discussed(Having been d
49、iscussed)many times,the problems were settled at last.在讨论了多次之后，问题终于解决了。Having finished his work,Having finished his work,he went out to play.完成了工作后，他出去玩了。To catch the first bus,To catch the first bus,he got up early.为了赶上早班车，他起得很早。非谓语动词专项练习非谓语动词专项练习1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt mak
50、e himself_.A.hearB.to hearC.hearingD.heard2.The murderer was brought in，with his hands _behind his back.A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to be tiedD.tied3._ that she was going off to sleep,I asked if shed like that little doll on her bed.ASeeingBTo seeCSee DSeen4._in painting,John didnt notice evening app