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1、专题0 7 重点语法知识梳理一：现在完成时及专练100题Grammar 1：现在完成时专题构成现在完成时比较：I live in Shanghai.我住在上海。（一般现在时）I moved to Shanghai ten years ago.十年前我搬到上海住了。（一般过去时）I have lived in Shanghai for ten years.我在上海住了十年了。（现在完成时）I.构成现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词构成。其中的have/has为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加noten.用法1.表结果：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成
2、的影响和结果，可以和already,yet,just等连用。I have already posted the photos.我已经把照片寄了。（照片不在我这里了）-have you had your lunch y et?你吃午饭 了吗？-Yes,I have just had it.是的，我吃了，我刚刚吃过。（现在不饿了）2.表继续：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。如：this morning,these days,in the last（past）.,since,for a long time 等。They
3、 have lived here since 1 9 8 9.自从1989年以来，他们就住在这里。She has been there for over two y e a rs.她在那里两年多了。3.表经验：表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情，常 和 never,ever,once,three times,before等连用。I have never been to Egypt b efo re.我以前从没去过埃及。He has been to Egypt three times.他去过埃及 3 次了。【小试牛刀】()1.I_the book yet.A.havent read B.had
4、nt read C.dont read D.am not reading()2.They left for Beijing last month and we_them ever since.A.dont hear from B.havent heard fromC.wont hear from D.didnt hear from()3.He says he_the book several times already this year.A.had read B.has read C.will read D.is readingi n.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别i.现在完成时与一般过去时都
5、表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系,如对现在产生的影响、生成的结果等等，而一般过去时只表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作，前者强调影响。（1）A:Have you seen the film?你看过这部电影吗？B:Did you see the film?你看过这部电影吗？A 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；B 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。A:She has watered the flow ers.她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）B:She watered the flowers yesterday.她昨天浇的花。2.表示过去
6、的时间状语如：yesterday,last week,two years ago just now,in 2002 等，以及when为首的疑问句与一般过去时连用，而不与现在完成时连用。（1 ）Tom has written a letter to his parents last n ig h t.（错）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.（对）（2）Have you ever been to the great wall?Yes,I have.When did you go there?Last week.w.瞬间动词和延续性动词瞬间动词
7、表示的动作顺建即可结束，不能延续，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。I have left Wuhan for ten d a y s.（错）I have been away from Wuhan for ten days.（对）I left Wuhan ten days a g o.（对）It is ten days since I left W uhan.（对）Ten days has passed since I left Wuhan.（对）瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换Become-be;borrow-keep;buy-have;come-be here;go-be away;leavebe
8、away;marry-be married;have got have;begin to study-study;break-be broken;close-be closed;die-be dead;get up-be up;join-一 be in;lose-一 be lost;open-be open.V.注意点1.have been to,have gone to 和 have been in have been t o 表示“过去曾去过某地、说话时已从该地回来或去了其它地方，总之，现在已不在该地。have gone t o 表示“以去了某地“，说话时不在说话地点或在去该地的途中，或已
9、到了该地。总之，现在还未回来。(3)have been i n 表示“己 在 该 地(待 了 多 久)表 示“已在小地方多久”,需用a t,而后面跟副词时只用have been,不用任何介词。Xiao Li have been to Beijing.小李去过北京。Xiao Li have gone to Beijing.小李去 了北京Xiao Li have been in Beijing for three years.小李在北京待了三年了。【小试牛刀】)1.My uncle_London for five years.But he will be back next year.A.went
10、 B.has been in C.has gone)2.-Could I speak to Mrs Black,please?-Sorry,she_to the library.A.is going B.has gone C.has been)3.Peter is young,but he_many foreign countries.A.has been in B.has gone to C.went toD.has gone toD.will toD.has been to2.since的四种用法（1）since+过 去 一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980,last monl
11、h,half past six）。I have been here since 1989.My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.（2）since+一段时间+agoI have been here since five months ago.（3）since+从 句（从句通常用一般过去时，而主句一般用现在完成时）Great changes have taken place since you left.I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.（4）It is（has been）+一段时间+si
12、nce 从句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.比较since和 forSince用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。I have lived here since I was born.Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.【注 意 并 非 有 fo r作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。I worked here for more than twenty years.（我现在已不在这里工作。）I have worked here for ma
13、ny years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）3.在使用this morning,this afternoon,this summer等时间状语时,如说话时间仍在此范围,则用现在完成时，否则用一般过去时。I have reviewed two lessons this m orning.今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）I reviewed two lessons this m orning.今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）4.用于现在完成时的句型(1)It is the first/second time.that结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the fir
14、st time that I have visited the city.这是我第一次来北京。It was the third time that the boy had been late.这是这个男孩第三次迟到了。(2)This i the that结构，that从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that Fve(ever)seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。This is the first time(that)Ive heard him s in g.这是我第一次听他唱歌。VI.考纲词汇拓展1.After he won the game,his parent
15、s and relatives were very proud of him and all of histeachers took pride in him.在赢了比赛后，他的父母和亲戚以他为傲，他所有的老师也是。【拓 展 1】feel proud of=take pride in 对.感到骄傲的【拓展2】win the prize/gam e赢得奖项/比赛beat/defeat s b.打败某人2.When he was only a child,he dreamt of becoming a scientist but after he grew up,hemade a decision
16、 to be a teacher instead of a scientist.当他还是个孩子的时候，他梦想成为一个科学家，但是长大后，他决定成为一名老师而不是科学家。【拓 展 1】dream of doing sth.梦想做某事【拓展2】make a decision to do sth.=decide to do sth.=be determined to do sth.make up ones mind to do sth.决定做某事3.This retired healthy leader has a lot of hobbies such as collecting stamps,e
17、njoying theBeijing opera,taking some photos,drawing some pictures and traveling.这个退休的身体健康的领导有许多爱好，例如收集邮票，听听京剧，拍照片，画画还有旅行。【拓 展 1】lead v.引导，带领 leader n.领导lead sb.to s p.带领某人去某地 lead sb.to do sth.指引某人做某事lead t o 导致His carelessness led to the failure of this experiment.他的粗心导致了这次实验的失败。【拓展2】healthy adj.健康
18、的 unhealthy adj.不健康的 health n.健康4.Smoking is very bad for you so if you want to keep healthy,you had better get rid of itand take more physical exercises.吸烟对你有害，所以如果你要保持健康，最好戒烟，多做运动。【拓 展 1】be bad for 对 有害的 近义词组：be harmful to=do harm to反义词组：be good fo r对 有好处的 be good/kind/nice t o 对 友好的be good at=do
19、well in 擅长【拓展2】get rid o f 取消 近义词组：dispose of5.The price of the house is too high for many ordinary people to afford,so many peoplebegin to rent the house in the center.房价对于很多普通人来说太高了以至于买不起，因此许多人开始在市中心租房。【拓 展 1afford to d o支付得起（一般用于否定句和一般疑问句）【拓展2】价格的高低用low/h ig h,东西的便宜或贵用expensive/cheap6.A lot of or
20、ganizations hope that the government will take action to protect the lovelypandas from disappearance.许多组织希望政府将会采取行动来保护可爱的熊猫不让其消失。【拓 展1】organize v.组织 organic adj.有机的 organization n.组织 organized adj.有组织，有条理的【拓展2】take action to do s th.采取行动做某事active adj.积极的 actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员【拓展3】protect.from 保护
21、免受现在完成时专练100题一、单项选择1.John,have you the dictionary I lent you?A.bring B.brought C.brings D.bringing2.Have you travelled on the Airport Ex p r e s s?No,I havent.A.still B.yet C.already D.too3.you to the USA?No,not yet.A.Did.goB.Are.goingC.Have.beenD.Have.gone4.My parents and I the Space Museum twice.A
22、.visited B.visit C.will visit D.have visited5.A number of tourists Yangzhou many times because it is such a beautiful city.A.have been to B.went to C.will go to D.have gone to6.Sophie and I are good friends.We each other for four years.A.know B.knew C.have known D.will know7.Alice to Beijing several
23、 times.So she knows a lot about culture and custom of thecity.A.will go B.goes C.have been D.has been8.Recently,a scientist called Dr Rupert Sheldrake the results of some newexperiments.A.will announce B.is announcing C.has announced D.announces9.Is your father at home now?No.He to Beijing on busine
24、ss.A.has gone B.has been C.goes D.went10.My father Tianjin many times,so he knows every corner of it.A.visits B.will visitC.visited D.has visited11.Hes never won the g a me,h e?A.is B.has C.isnt D.hasnt12.The professor his hometown for many years.A.has been to B.has gone away C.has been away from D.
25、has left13.The great playwright for 105 years,but people will continue to enjoy his plays formany years to come.A.has deadB.has been deadC.has been diedD.died14.My parents_ to Los Angeles before.A.wereB.will beC.areD.have been15.Mikes parents are Germans,but he_ _ to Germany so far.A.never wentB.nev
26、er goC.has never beenD.will never go16.How long has the foreign friend_ _China?A.come toB.arrivedC.been inD.gone17.It the first time that New York,because there is a photo of him in front ofthe Empire State Building hanging in his room.A.is;Byron has been in B.isnt;Byron has gone to C,is;Byron hasbe
27、en for D.isnt;Byron has been to18.you to Shanghai Disney?It sounds great.一 Not yet.It is always crowded.A.Are,going B.Have,gone C.Did,go D.Have,been19.My son knows nothing about his hometown.He there.A.has ever been B.has never beenC.has ever gone D.has never gone20.This shop for nearly ten years.A.
28、has opened B.has been open C.has been close D.has closed21.Our country and the Solomon Islands friends since two weeks ago.A.have become B.have made C.have been D.made22.By the time we the railway station,the train for ten minutes.A.got to;had been awayB.reached;had leftC.arrived;had been awayD.arri
29、ved at;has left23.In recent years,natural disasters great damage to many tourist attractions.A.will causeB.have causedC.had causedD.were causing24.Peter;how long have you_ here?You dad is looking for you.A.comeB.arrivedC.leftD.been25.Tom has lived in Shanghai_ 2003.He has live here_many years.A.in;f
30、orB.since;forC.since;atD.in;since26.1 dont want to waste time,for 1_that film before.A.will seeB.sawC.have seenD.was seeing27.My mother has been back_ half an hour ago.A.sinceB.forC.inD.after28.Could you tell me?A.how many students are there in your class.B.when will you leave for BeijingC.who has t
31、aken my red pen.D.how long that film started.29.Which of the following sentences is CORRECT?A.He has gone to New Zealand for 10 years.B.The movie has begun for 10 minutes.C.Henry has joined the singing club since he was in Grade Six.D.Joe has been away from Chicago since he graduated from high schoo
32、l.30.My parents and I in that tiny house since I was born.A.live B.lived C.have lived D.has lived31.Ben as an architect in a big company since he left school in 2018.A.will workB.has workedC.workedD.works32.Tom in the small town for three years since he moved there.A.has lived B.lived C.was living D
33、.lives33.I am not sure how long Ol i ver.A.has joined the army B.has joined in the army C.has served the armyD.has served in the army34.There great changes in our life since the outbreak of COVID-19.A.were B.have been C.had been D.are35.Our teacher has been back half an hour.A.sinceB.in C.forD.after
34、36.How long_ _ the film_ when he got to the cinema?A.did;beginB.has;begunC.had;been onD.had;begun37.George_ _more than 1500 English words since he graduated from junior high school.A.has learntB.learnt C.had learntD.learns38.My family_Guangzhou for two months.A.has beenB.has gone to C.has been toD.h
35、as been in39.Emily_ in Shanghai since she was born in 2006.A.liveB.lived C.have livedD.has lived40.Her cousin _ _ in Shanghai since he left the army.A.livesB.lived C.has livedD.will live41.Ben has lived here he was born.A.forB.when C.sinceD.from42.Michael came back from the United States yesterday.H
36、e a lot since we last met.A.changes B.changed43.Aunt Maggie has been a teacher _A.since B.till44.the movi e?C.has changedD.is changingquite a few years.C.forD.andA.When did;start;Since 3 oclock agoB.How long was;on;Since at 3 oclockC.When has;started;Since 3 oclock beforeD.How long has;been on;Since
37、 3 oclock45.Jims mother an engineer for more than twelve years.A.is B.js going to be C.was D.has been46.Mr.Smith in Shanghai for 10 years and he loves this city very much.A.lives B.lived C.was living D.has lived47.Which sentence is correct?A.I wonder where you have gone.B.I wonder where they visited
38、.C.I wonder when you have finished the task.D.I wonder what is the matter with you.48.Lu Xun for over eighty years,but his works still have a great influence today.A.died B.was dying C.has died D.has been dead49.A:Where is your father,Tony?B:He to Beijing.He will be back in two days.A.is going B.has
39、 gone C.goes D.has been50.32 years old,Professor Wang had written 8 novels,5 of which are best-sellers.A.AtB.ForC.SinceD.By51.Bens singing skills a lot since he joined the singing group.A.improve B.have improved C.improved D.had improved52.Amy,you must be hungry after waiting for us for such a long
40、time.Dont worry.I some cookies already.A.am eating B.will eat C.was eating D.have eaten53.May I speak to Lily?Sorry,she the library.But she in an hour.A.has been to,will come back B.has gone to,will be backC.has gone to,wont be back D.has been to,won/t come back二、用所给单词的正确形式填空(共0 分)54.Although L u c
41、a s(b e)to the Gobi Desert three times,he never(ride)a camel.55.Mr Li and his family have all the objects they need,(bring)56.Wh o(b r e a k)the window?Its too cold to stay here.57.It is the first time s h e(s e e)such breathtaking scenery.58.y o u(c h e c k)your suitcase yet?59.I will return the bo
42、ok to the library because I reading it.(finish)60.I have this watch as a birthday gift for my cousin.(choose)三、根据句意填空(共。分)61.Being unkind to others has caused him a lot of t r o u b l e,?62.I suppose they have known about it,?四、划线部分提问(共。分)63.Peter has had a wooden ladder since three davv a g o.(对划线部
43、分提问)has Peter had a wooden ladder?64.Uncle Donald has been an engineer since 1995.（对划线部分提问）has Uncle Donald been an engineer?65.His sister has slept since 9 oclock.（划线部分提问）_?五、同义句转化（共。分）66.Lisa has been in Shanghai for 30 y e a rs.（保持句意基本不变）Lisa has been in Shanghai 30 year s.67.Jerry borrowed the s
44、tory book two weeks ago.（改同义句）68.I joined the Party three years ago.（保持句意不变）I in the Party for three years.69.Josh moved to Singapore five years ago.He is still th e re.（同义改写）Josh Singapore five years.70.Tom left middle school ten years a g o.（保持原句意思）Tom has from middle school for ten years.71.The m
45、ovie producer has produced three movies successfully.（同义改写）The movie producer three movies.72.My father has been an architect for quite a few years.（改写为同义句）My father has an architect for quite a few years.73.Tim joined the army 3 years ago.（同义改写）Tim 3 years ago._Tim joined the army.74.The old writer
46、 left his hometown ten years ago.（保将句意不变）The old writer away from his hometown since ten years ago.六、改写句子（共 o 分）75.We have just packed our suitcases.（改成否定句）We packed our s u i t c a s e s.76.My cousin has already come back from the U.S.A.（改为一般疑问句）your cousins come back from the U.S.A.?77.I have alre
47、ady been to Blue Bay.（改为一般疑问句）you been to Blue Bay?78.Weve entered a new century.（改为一般疑问句）entered a new century?79.We have already had lunch in the school canteen.（改为疑问句）you lunch in the school canteen yet?80.Jack has already bought a new watch.（一般疑问句）Jack bought a new book?81.The first Starbucks co
48、ffee shop opened in 1971.（用现在完成时改写）The first Starbucks coffee shop 1971.82.Ive got a letter from Uncle W eim ing.（改为一般疑问句）you a letter from Uncle Weiming?83.The children have already visited Shanghai Disneyland Park.（改为否定句）The children visited Shanghai Disneyland Park.84.The Smith have already moved
49、 into a new flat.（改为一般疑问句）the Smith moved into a new flat?85.The old man has realized that he had too much unhealthy food.（改为一般疑问句）the old man that he had too much unhealthy food?86.My mobile phone has run out of po w er.（改为一般疑问句句）your mobile phone out of power?87.Mr Smith has already sent flowers t
50、o his w ife.（改为一般疑问句）Mr Smith sent flowers to his wi f e?88.The students from the south have never seen so much snow b e fo re.（改为反意疑问句）The students from the south have never seen so much snow before,?89.Steven has already been to Dragon Bay and Green Island.（改为一般疑问句）90.My mobile phone has broken do