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1、外研版初中英语八年级下册Module 3 Journey to spaceUnit 2 知识点精讲1. Scientists think that there has been life on the earth for hundreds of millions of years.l Point 1there has/have been.there has/have been 意为“有 ”，是 there be 句型的现在完成时形式。has 或 have 的使用取决于 been 后紧跟的名词的单复数。 There have been great changes in our country i
2、n the last ten years.exampleIn the past few years theregreat changes in my hometown.A. had beenB. have beenC. wereD. arel Point 2on the earthon the earth 意为“在地球上；在世界上”。同义短语 in the world I want to know about the history of life on the earth. She must be the happiest person on the earth.l Point 3hundr
3、eds of/ millions of /hundreds of/ millions of 表示“数以亿计的”。l 结构分解：hundreds of 表示“数以百计的”，million 表示“百万”。 hundreds of millions 直译：数百个百万，表示“亿”。hundreds of millions of 表示“数以亿计的”。 The system can store hundreds of millions of facts about people, places and events【延伸】（1） 下列词组其后均接可数名词复数： hundreds of 数以百计的，成百上千
4、的thousands of 数以千计的，成千上万的millions of 数以百万计的billions of 数以十亿计的 The village has hundreds of years old.（2） 当 hundred，thousand，million，billion 与具体数字连用时，要用单数形式，且其后不接 of。one hundred-two hundredone thousand-two thousand one million-two millionone billion-two billion There are two thousand people in the mee
5、ting room.2. Seven other planets also go around the Sun.l Point基数词 + other + 可数名词复数表示“多少个其它的”，other 可用 more 替换。基数词 + other+可数名词复数 = another + 基数词 + 可数名词复数 I have two other/more questions to ask you. = I have another two questions to ask you.exampleMs. Wang, Im afraid I cant finish the work in two da
6、ys.Dont worry. Ill give youdays.A. two anotherB. two moreC. more twoD. two many3. None of them has an environment like that of the earth, so scientists do not think they will find life on them.l Point 1none nn pron.【辨析】none/no onenone：“没有一人；没有一个；一点儿也没有”，既可指人也可指物。侧重强调数量。常见用法： （1） none of + 可数名词复数，作主语
7、时，谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可。（2） none of + 不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。（3） 强调数量，可用来回答 how many/how much 的提问。no one 表示“没有人”，用来指人，与 nobody 同义。（1） 后不跟 of 短语，在句中作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。（2） 不强调数量，回答 who 引导的问句。 None of us know(s) the news. None of the money is his. How many people are there in that room?None.exampleWe couldnt buy anyt
8、hing becauseof the shops were open.A. allB. bothC. nothingD. nonel Point 2environment nvarnmnt n.不可数名词，表示“环境”。 People cant live in an environment without air. Students must have a pleasant learning environment.【延伸】the environment 意为“自然环境；生态环境”。 Its our duty to protect the environment.l Point 3that t
9、 pron.“那，那个”，可用于代替前文已提及的事物。 The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Australia. The players on the team are taller and stronger than those on our team.4. They are very far away and their light has to travel for many years to reach us.l Point 1light lat n.light 在此作不可数名词，意为“光；光线；光亮”。 The lig
10、ht in the room is too dim.【延伸】（1） light 作可数名词，意为“电灯”。 Turn off the light when you go out.（2） light 作形容词，意为“轻的；薄的；浅的”。 This box is light while that one is heavy. Try to wear light loose clothes in summer.l Point 2reach rit v.【辨析】reach/get/arrive 均可表示“到达”。reach 作及物动词，后直接跟宾语。get 作不及物动词，后跟地点名词时，要加介词 to；
11、后跟地点副词时，不加介词。arrive 作不及物动词，后跟大地点时加介词 in，跟小地点加介词 at，跟地点副词时其后不用介词。 They will reach / arrive in / get to Beijing next week. They arrived / reached / got there yesterday.5. It is impossible to imagine.l Point 1impossible mpsb()l adj.impossible 为形容词，意为“不可能的”，其反义词为 possible。常用句式：Its impossible (for sb.) t
12、o do sth. Nothing is impossible for her. Its impossible for me to buy a big house in Shanghai.exampleIt seems(possible) for Spring Festival Gala to satisfy all 1.3 billion Chinese.l Point 2imagine mdn v.imagine 在此作不及物动词，意为“想象，设想”。可作及物动词，后可接名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语，但不能接动词不定式。 I didnt imagine becoming a writer
13、 in my childhood. I cant imagine what will happen.【延伸】名词形式 imagination，意为“想象；想象力；创造力”。 His writing lack imagination. Things are always beyond our imagination.6. However, no spaceship has travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.l Point形容词/副词 + enough + to do sth.far enough to reach ot
14、her stars 属于“形容词/副词 + enough + to do sth.”结构，表示“足够.可以做某事”。否定形式：not + 形容词/副词 + enough + to do sth.。 He is old enough to go to school. Jim isnt strong enough to carry the big box. I have enough time to finish the work. The house isnt big enough for us.exampleMay I be allowed to choose a summer course?
15、Its up to you. Youreto make your own decision.A. too oldB. enough oldC. old enough7. Scientists have always asked the questions with so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space?l Point 1with + 名词/代词 + 介词短语with so many stars in the universe 属于“with + 名词/代词 + 介词短语”
16、结构。该结构可位于句首或句末，在句中作状语。 Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door.【延伸】含 with 的介词短语的其他构成形式：（1）with + 名词/代词 + 形容词/副词 He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open.（2）with + 名词/代词 + 现在分词/过去分词/不定式 With you helping me, I feel very lucky. With 10 minutes to go, youd better hurry.l P
17、oint 2alone ln adj.作形容词，表示“单独的，独自的”，在句中作表语，不可用于名词前作定语。 My parents have gone out and Im alone at home.【延伸】alone 作副词，表示“单独，独自”。 I dont like going out alone at night.8. Why has no one communicated with us?l Pointcommunicate kmjunketv. communicate 作动词，意为“联系；交流”。l 常用结构：communicate with sb.。 You should often communicate with your parents.【延伸】名词形式 communication，不可数名词，“交流，联系”。 Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.学科网（北京）股份有限公司