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1、高中英语非谓语动词：不定式及过去分词用法“动词+宾语+不定式”用法归纳“动词+宾语+不定式”是英语中一个十分有用的结构，不仅是考试中的重要考点，而且在口语中也用得非常广泛。可用于该结构的常用动词有encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, hate, help, in tend.invite. leave. like.mean. need, oblige, order, permit, persuade, prefer, request, remind, teach, tell, trouble, want, warn, wish 等。如:I hate wom
2、en to smoke. 我不喜欢女人抽烟。The doctor advised me to take a complete rest.医生建议我完全休息。He didnt allow the students to go there. 他没让学生们去那儿。The cold weather caused the plants to die.天气寒冷冻死了植物。He ordered the work to be started at once.他命令马上开始工作。We expected him to arrive yesterday. 我们原认为他昨天会到的。We invited him to
3、take part in the celebration. 我们邀请他一起参加庆祝会。The doctor warned him not to smoke. 医生告诫他不要抽烟。My parents encouraged me to study abroad. 父母鼓励我出国留学。They forced her to sign into signing the paper 他们强迫她在文件上签字。He persuaded his wife to change her mind. 他说服他妻子改变了主意。值得注意的是，汉语中许多某人做某事”的情形不能想当然地用此结构来翻译，下面是一些典型的例子:
4、汉语可说“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说 fear sb to do sth。如:我害怕他会发现我们。误:I fear him to find us正: I fear that he will find us汉语可说“原谅某人做某事”，但英语不说 excuse forgive sb to do sth。如:请原谅我没有早点给你回信。误:Excuse me not to answer your letter earlier误:Excuse me not to have answered your letter earlier正:Excuse me for not answering your le
5、tter earlier.正:Excuse me for not having answered your letter earlier正:Excuse my not answering your letter earlier正:Excuse my not having answered your letter earlier汉语可说拒绝某人做某事，但英语不说 refuse sb to do sth。如:他拒绝我使用他的自行车。误: He refused me to use his bike正: He refused to let me use his bike.正:He didnt allo
6、w me to use his bike中考英语考查不定式用法的高频考点考点- try doing sth与try to do sthtry to do sth表示设法或尽力去做某事;try doing sth表示试着做某事看是否会有什么结果或效果。如:Ill try to be more careful next time. 下次我要更小心一些。Try holding your breath to stop sneezing.试着屏住呼吸以止住打喷嚏。考点二 ask (tell.) sb to do sth用于这类句式最常用的动词是ask和tell，ask(tell)sb to do sth
7、的意思是“叫(告诉)某人做某事”。除ask.tell之外，以下动词也很重要:persuade.wish，invite等。如:He asked us to wait for him at the gate, 他叫我们在门口等他。The teacher told the students to keep quiet.老师叫学生安静。Thev invited her to go for a walk. 他们请她一起去散步。He persuaded his wife to change her mind.他说服他妻子改变了主意。过去分词作表语和作定语的用法区别一、注意分清过去分词应前置还是后置在通常情
8、况下，单个的过去分词作定语，通常应放在被修饰名词之前。如:This partof the exam requires a written answer这部份考题需要书面作答。Women are limited to the more poorly paid jobs女性仅限于做一些薪水较低的工作。但是，如果是过去分词短语用作定语，应置于所修饰的名词之后。如:There is a red car parked outside the house.房子外边停着一辆红色汽车。The system used in this school is very successful. 这学校使用的系统很成功。
9、注意，有时单个的过去分词用作定语也可放在其所修饰的词语之后，出现这种情况多半是有特殊原因的，比如受过去分词修饰的名词或代词可能不适合接受前置定语的修饰，或者说话者为了强调动作的暂时性，为了句子结构的平衡，等等。如:The experience gained will be of great value to us. 取得的经验对我们将很有价值。We couldnt agree on any of the problems discussed. 我们未能就所讨论的任何问题达成协议。二、注意分清用过去分词还是现在分词有些成对使用的过去分词和现在分词(如interested与interesting)
10、，从用法上看，它们虽然是分词的形式，但具有形容词的特点，都可用作表语和定语，注意它们在用法上的区别:过去分词通常用于说明人自身的感受，通常译为“(人)感到的;而现在分词则通常用于说明事物给人的感受，通常译为令人感到的”。如:Interested members will meet at two. 感兴趣的会员两点钟碰头。The English language has an interesting history.英语有一段有趣的历史。注意，不要认为此类过去分词转化来的形容词只用于修饰人，此类现在分词转化来的形容词只用干修饰事物，其实不一定。比较:The man was really anno
11、yed.这个人真的生气了。The man was really annoying. 这个人真的让人很烦。The man was very much frightened. 这个人非常害怕。The man was very much frightening. 这个人非常可怕。三、注意分清是系表结构还是被动语态过去分词用作表语时，其动作意味很弱，在功能上更接近形容词，它不仅可用干系动词be之后，也可根据需要用干其他系动词之后。如:She looked astonished at the news. 听到这消息她显得很吃惊。It took them a long time to grow used
12、to getting up in the middle of the night. 他们花了很长时间才慢慢地习惯于午夜起床。被动语态中的过去分词动作意味较强，它只能与助动词be(有时可能是get)构成被动结构，不宜用于其他动词之后。如:The food was cooked last night.饭是昨天晚上做的。After the operation she was taken to the recovery room. 手术后，她被推进了恢复室。所以如果语义需要，其后可以接表示动作执行者的by短语。如:When their mother was ill the children were
13、looked after by neighbours. 孩子们的母亲生病时，他们由邻居们照顾。比较:I was worried about you all night. 我整夜为你担心。(系表结构) was worried by the mice all night. 我被老鼠搅扰了一整夜。(被动语态)非谓语动词用作宾语补足语的重要知识点1.在感官动词(feel, listen to hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带 to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足
14、语的不定式要带 to。He made me work 12 hours a day. 他要我每天工作12小时。I was made to work 12 hours a day 每天要我工作12小时。记忆方法:一感(feel)、二听(hear. listen to)、三让(let. have.make)、四看(see.look at. watch. notice)。2.在下列动词后用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词用不定式，即用于 vt.+sb/sth + to do sth 的形式:advise 建议 allow 允许ask 叫，请bear 忍受beg 乞求cause 导致command 命令enc
15、ourage 鼓励expect期待forbid 禁止force 迫使get 使hate 讨厌help 帮助intend 想要invite 邀请leave 让like 喜欢mean 打算need 需要oblige 迫使order 命令permit 允许persuade 说服prefer 宁愿request 请求remind 提醒teach 教tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告wish 希望wait for 等would like 想要would love 想要 would prefer 宁愿注:(1)在 help 后作宾补的不定式带不带 to 均可。(2) 但 fea
16、r excuse, refuse insist, hope,suggest, agree, decide demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接 sb to do sth。3.用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的常用结构:(1) have sb do sth使某人做某事(2) have sb doing sth 使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中(3) have sth done 请人做某事，遭受某事(4) catch sb doing sth 抓住(碰上)某人在做某事(5) feel sth / sb doing sth 感觉某人或某物在做某事(6) find sb/ sth doi
17、ng sth 发现某人或某物在做某事(7) keep sb/ sth doing sth 使某人或某物不停地做某事(8) start sb doing sth 使某人开始做某事(9) send sb to do sth 派(叫)某人去做某事。如:(10) send sb / sth doing sth 使某人或某物迅速做某事(11) leave sb to do sth 让某人去做某事(12) leave sb doing sth 让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中)(13) set sb to do sth 使某人做某事(14) set sb (sth) doing sth 使某人或某物开始做某事4.非谓语动词作宾补的一个原则:当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式或现在分词;当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用过去分词，或用不定式、现在分词的被动式。学科网（北京）股份有限公司