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1、Grammar Unit 4A good read疑问词疑问词 +动词不定式动词不定式动动词词不不定定式式To do that sort of thing is foolish。I want to see you this evening.All you have to do is to finish it quickly.We found a house to live in.She came here to study English.I warned the patient not to eat cold water after the operation.主语主语 宾语宾语表语表语 定
2、语定语 状语状语 宾宾补补作主语作主语To master a foreign language is really important nowadays.To give up smoking is right.1.当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。当今掌握一门外语真的很重要。2.放弃吸烟是对的。放弃吸烟是对的。作宾语作宾语Fred didnt have any money,so he decided to look for a job.He promised not to tell anyone about it.1.Fred 没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。没有钱，所以他决定找一份工作。2.他答应不
3、告述任何人这事。他答应不告述任何人这事。作表语作表语My job is to teach English.To see is to believe.1.我的工作是教英语。我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。眼见为实。作定语作定语Do you have anything to say?1.你你有有什么要说的吗什么要说的吗?2.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人是第一个知道这真相的人 Betty was the first to know the truth作状语作状语He spoke loudly(so as/in order)to be heard.They jumped with joy to h
4、ear the news.Im too tired to walk any further tonight.目的状语目的状语.原因状语原因状语.结果状语结果状语作宾补作宾补She asked me to stay there.1.她她叫我呆在叫我呆在这儿。这儿。2.请允许我介绍请允许我介绍Mr.White给你们。给你们。Please allow me to introduce Mr.White to you.适用于适用于“疑问词疑问词+不定式动词不定式动词”的动词包括：的动词包括：“know,see,decide,tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,forge
5、t,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,remember，think,wonder,understand”等。等。有点值得有点值得特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作特别注意的是：当这结构当宾语时，它的作用等于名词分句，例如：用等于名词分句，例如：(1)I could not decide which dictionary to buy./I could not decide which dictionary I should buy.(2)Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./Jack did
6、 not know where he could find such a good teacher.有些动词，如有些动词，如“ask,show,tell,advise,inform,teach”等，可以先有个宾语，然后才等，可以先有个宾语，然后才接着加上适当的接着加上适当的“疑问词疑问词+不定式动词不定式动词”结构结构。例如：例如：Have you told him where to get the application form?注意注意A.有些动词后面的不定式有些动词后面的不定式不带不带to，如，如feel（一感）一感）hear,listen to（二听）二听）make,have,let
7、（三让）三让）see,watch,notice,observe（四看）四看）.I heard them sing a pop song.The teacher made me answer the question.We watched them play football.注意注意 B.动词不定式的否定式只须在动词不定式的否定式只须在to 前加前加 not.My father decided not to take up the job.The teacher told us not to be late again.注意注意C.带疑问词的动词不定式在带疑问词的动词不定式在to 前加疑问词前
8、加疑问词。Mr.Lin will teach us how to use the computer.Can you tell me where to get the book?注意注意D.作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，作简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常常省去动词不定式常常省去to 后面后面的动词，只的动词，只保留保留to。A:Would you like to come to my party?Mary wanted to use my bike,but I asked her not to(use my bike).B:Yes,Id love to(come to your pa
9、rty).Mary想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。想用我的自行车，但我叫她别用。A Using question words+to-infinitivesWe can use a question word with a to-infinitive after a verb.Millie has decided what to read.Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book.Simon forgot when to meet his friends.Kitty cannot decide which to choose first.S
10、andy is wondering where to ask for help.Amy does not know how to write the report.Suzy will explain why to recommend this book.Suzy will explain why she recommends this book.All question words can be used in this way,except why.We can use a verb and an object before a question word with a to-infinit
11、ive.advise ask decide discuss forget know learn remember show teach think understandMr Wu advised us which to choose as after-school activities.The students asked their teacher when to hand in their work.Millie showed us what to do next.Daniel taught himself how to use a computer to draw.Dont forget
12、 to tell your mum where to meet you.We can also use an adjective like sure or clear before a question word.Suzy was not sure who to ask for help.Are you clear when to meet at the gate tomorrow?They are discussing which colour to paint the walls.You can ask your parents how much money to take with yo
13、u.We can use a noun after what,which,whose,how many and how much.ask for findhand inread travel write aboutAbout Reading WeekAmy and Daniel are talking about their Reading Week.Complete their conversation.Use the correct question words and to-infinitives.how whatwhenwhere which whoAmy:Mr Wu has reco
14、mmended so many interesting books.Have you decided _ first,Daniel?which to readDaniel:Yes.I want to read Black Beauty first.But I dont know(2)_the book.Amy:You can try our school library or Sunshine Library.Oh,did you know Peter is reading Around the World in Eighty Days?He wants to find out _ aroun
15、d the world in such a short time.Daniel:Wow,thats amazing!By the way,can you tell me(4)_ our book report?where to findhow to travelwhen to hand inAmy:Before next Friday.Im still not sure (5)_ in the report.Daniel:You can write anything about your book what the book is about,what you think of it and
16、so on.You should read some reviews about the book before writing.Amy:Thank you.Anyway,I know (6)_ help with writing.Mr Wu is always there to help uswhat to write aboutwho to ask forModel verbsmusthave to dont need todont have to Must sb?Do/Does sb.have to?(必须必须)(不得不不得不)1.表示义务、命令或必要，后面接不带表示义务、命令或必要，后
17、面接不带to的动词的动词不定式。不定式。2.Soldiers must obey orders.3.We must keep our word.2.must 用在否定句结构中表示用在否定句结构中表示“不允许、禁止不允许、禁止”He must not leave his room.You mustnt smoke in the office.3.must用在一般疑问句中，肯定回答用用在一般疑问句中，肯定回答用must，否定回答用，否定回答用neednt 或或dont have to Must I hand it in before five?No,you _.Yes,you _.you need
18、nt./dont have to you must1.have to 由由have+to组成。因此具有组成。因此具有have的各的各种时态。种时态。2.He is an invalid and has to have a nurse.3.She knew what she had to do.4.I shall have to reconsider my position.5.He is always having to exercise judgment.1.含义不同：含义不同：2.must 表示说话人的表示说话人的主观思想，强调个人意主观思想，强调个人意志志 3.和主观的决心。和主观的决心
19、。4.have to 侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条侧重于客观上的必要，强调客观条件件 5.作用的结果。作用的结果。6.You must do it now.7.I have to go now.3.否定含义不同否定含义不同在否定句中在否定句中,have to表示不需要，表示不需要，must则则 表表示不允许。示不允许。You dont have to go there.You mustnt go there.2.适用时态不同适用时态不同must 只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时（在只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时（在间接引语中）间接引语中）have to 可用于更多的场合。可用于更多的场合。Sh
20、e said she must do well in her English.B Using must and have toWe use must and have to to say that it is necessary to do somethingHave to has different forms,has to had to will have to have/has got toTip1must not=mustnt do not have to=dont have toTip2We use have to when the situation makes something
21、 necessary.I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge.She has to take her daughter from school in the afternoon.We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary.I must run away from them,Gulliver thought.We use must not to say that something is not allowed.You must not smoke in
22、the library.We use do not have to to say that it is not necessary to do something.We do not have to go to school at weekends.You(1)_ keep quiet in the library.You(2)_ keep the books clean and tidy.You(3)_draw or write in the books.You(4)_ eat or drink in the librarLibrary rulesAmy is telling her cou
23、sin Shirley some library rules.Complete what she says with must,must not,have to or do not have to.mustmustmustntmustntYou(5)_ return the books on time.If you want to keep them longer,you(6)_ renew them.You(7)_ bring your student card every time you go to the library,but remember to bring your libra
24、ry card.musthave todont have to1.Im going on a field trip but I havent decided _.(2007河南河南)A.what to do B.to do what C.where to go D.to go where2.Excuse me.Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera?(2007安徽安徽)A.what to B.where to C.what I can D.where can I I.单项选择。单项选择。3.This physics problem is
25、too difficult.Can you show me _,Wang Lin?Sure.(2008陕西陕西)A.what to work it out B.what to work out it C.how to work it out D.how to work out it 4.We need a new leader for our Helping Hands Club,but I dont know _.Why not Mary?She is always willing to help others.(2011江苏南通江苏南通)A.what to choose B.how to
26、choose C.when to choose D.who to choose5.The math problem is so hard.I really dont know _.(2012甘肃鸡西甘肃鸡西)A.how to do it B.how to do C.what to do it6.Excuse me.Could you tell me _ get to the nearest post office?Sorry,I am new here.(2013山东威海山东威海)A.how can I B.how I could C.how to D.what I can 7.Excuse
27、me.Could you please tell me _ my car?Sure.Park it right here.Ill help you.(2013山东青岛山东青岛)A.how to stop B.where to park C.where to stop D.when to park8._ I swim here?Im sorry.Children _ swim alone here.(2012广东广东)A.Must;cant B.May;must C.Can;mustnt D.Cant;can 9.Dad,must we wait until the light becomes
28、green?Yes,Im afraid we _.Thats the traffic rule.(2013河南河南)A.can B.may C.have to D.need10.Students in our school _ know shouting is not allowed in the library.(2013山东莱芜山东莱芜)A.can B.may C.must D.need1.When I go into the clothes shop,I always cant decide _ one to buy.2.My grandfather doesnt know _ to u
29、se a computer.3.-Will you please show me _ to drive a car?-Yes,of course.Now let me tell you _ to do first.4.I will tell Lucy _ and _ to meet.whichhowhowwhatwhenwhereII.选用选用how,which,what,when,where填空。填空。同义句转换。同义句转换。1.Gulliver did not know where he could find other people.2.Gulliver did not know _ _
30、 _other people.3.2.Gulliver wondered who he could ask for help.4.Gulliver wondered _ _ _ _ help.where to findwho to ask for 3.Gulliver did not know how he could break the ropes.Gulliver did not know _ _ _the ropes.4.Gulliver found out what he could do with the tiny man.Gulliver found _ _ _with the t
31、iny man.5.Gulliver decided when he should leave Lilliput.Gulliver decided _ _ _ Lilliput.how to breakwhat to do when to leave IV.翻译下列句子。翻译下列句子。1.Have you decided _ _(怎样度假怎样度假)?2.I dont know _ (在会上说什么在会上说什么).3.Can you tell me _ (在哪里能买到这本书在哪里能买到这本书)?your holidayhow to spendwhat to say at the meetingwhere to buy this book4.Drivers _(必须系必须系 安全带安全带)while their cars are running on the road.5._(必须必须)I finish my homework now?No,_(你没必要你没必要).Your work is over today.Mustyou dont have tomust wear seat beltsHomework Review you have learnt in this part andpreview the next part.