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1、Grammar Unit7 International charities初中英语译林版八年级学习目标一、了解使用被动语态的语境。二、掌握并能正确运用被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时。三、熟悉并能运用引出动作执行者的单词by。What is the Flying Eye Hospital used to do?How many patients were operated on during Dr.Mars last visit?What is needed to carry on with their work?It is used to help the people who are bl
2、ind or have other eyes problems in poor areas and it is also used as a training centre.150 patients were operated on.ReviewAnswer the questionsMore money is needed to carry on with their work.语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。汉语中常用“被，给，由，受”等词来表示被动，而英语中
3、则用“be+动词的过去分词”来表示。Example:We clean the classroom every day.我们每天都打扫教室。The classroom is cleaned(by us)every day.教室每天都被(我们)打扫。1.被动语态的概念 Presentation2.被动语态的基本用法很明显动作的执行者是谁。The plane is used a training centre.飞机被用作培训中心。不知道或不需要知道动作的执行者是谁。The toy is designed for children.这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。动作比实施动作的人更重要时。My bike
4、was repaired.我的自行车修好了。在被动语态的句子中,如果我们需要指出动作的执行者,可以由by引出。Mr Wu is liked by all of his students.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world.世界上讲汉语的人最多。3.一般现在时的被动语态的结构肯定句：主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他.Example：English is taught by him.否定句：主语+am/is/are+not+过去分词+其他.Example：English isn
5、t taught by him.一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词+其他？Example:Is English taught by him?特殊疑问句：疑问词am/is/are+主语+过去分词+其他？Example:Who is taught English by him?4.一般过去时的被动语态的结构肯定句：主语+was/were+过去分词+其他.Example：The bridge was built in 1999.否定句：主语+was/were+not+过去分词+其他.Example：The bridge wasnt built in 1999.一般疑问句：Was/Were
6、+主语+过去分词+其他？Example:Was the bridge built in 1999?特殊疑问句：疑问词was/were+主语+过去分词+其他？Example:When was the bridge built?主动语态变被动语态第一步：主宾互换。第二步：谓语动词变为“be+过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态。第三步：“be+过去分词”+by+原主语。（有时by+原主语可省）第四步：时间、地点状语等保持一致。主主变变被被四四步步曲曲被动语态变化步骤宾变主,主变宾,前加by;动变被,看清be,结构为be+pp.by many students.Many students
7、study English.English is studied主语+谓语+双宾语的句式转换主动语态主语He谓语(主动式)passed间宾me直宾a book.被动语态原直宾A book谓语(被动式)was passedtomeby原主语(改为宾格)him.原间宾(改为主格)I谓语(被动式)was passed原直宾a bookby原主语(改为宾格)him.被动语态的特殊用法1.有些动词,其主动语态形式含有被动意义，如：连系动词smell,taste,sound,feel 等，还有一些不及物动词,常用主动语态,和well,easily等副词连用,含有被动意义。如：write,draw,sell
8、,wash,cook,clean等。The books sell well.这些书很畅销。The dish smells good.这道菜闻起来很香。2.在感官动词（see，hear)和使役动词(make,let)的主动语态句式中,动词不定式的to常省去,但是在被动语态中要加上to。如：The teacher made him retell the story.He was made to retell the story by the teacher.We saw the little boy walk into the teachers office.The little boy was
9、seen to walk into the teachers office by us.HelpingothersHelpingothersLook at the pictures and help students complete their notes using the words in brackets and the passive voice.Add the word by when necessary.AWhat they do every year1.Charity activities _(plan/to help the poor).are planned to help
10、 the poor2.Leaflets _ _(hand out/to people in the street/volunteers).are handed out to peoplein the street by volunteers3.Toys and CDs _(sell/to raise money).were sold to raise money4.New books _ _(send/to children in poor areas/the Class 1,Grade 8 students).were sent to children in poorareas by the
11、 Class 1,Grade 8 students5.Warm clothes _(collect/for poor people).were collected for poor peopleWhat they did last week6.A charity show _(hold/the Students Union).was held by the Students UnionAmy and Daniel are talking about charities.Complete their conversation with the words in brackets using th
12、e passive voice.BAmy:Im reading a book about Oxfam.Daniel:Really?Please tell me about it.Amy:OK.Oxfam _(set up)in the UK in 1942,and the first Oxfam shop _(open)in 1948.Now it has about 15,000 shops all over the world.A lot of things _(sell)in Oxfam shops,including books.The money _(use)by Oxfam to
13、help poor people.was set up was openedare soldis usedDaniel:Thats good.There are also some charity projects in China.One of them _(call)Project Hope.It _(start)in 1989.With its help,millions of poor children all over the country _(give)basic education.Amy:Yes.Many schools _(build)in poor areas each
14、year.is called was started are given are builtSummaryNew words and phrases:hold,set,hand out,set up,leaflet,includingUseful expressions:Oxfam was set up in the UK in 1942,With its help,millions of poor children all over the country are given basic education.We learnSummaryKnow the context of passive
15、 voice.Master and correct use of the passive voice of the present tense and the simple past tense.We canExercise 把下列主动语态的句子变为被动语态,或把被动语态的句子变为主动语态。1.Tome often helps Jenny when she is in trouble.Jenny is often helped by Tom when she is in trouble.2.I bought a computer last week.A computer was bought
16、by me last week.3.The whole cake was eaten by Eddie yesterday.Eddie ate the whole cake yesterday.4.Many trees are planted by students and teachers every year.Students and teachers plant many tress every year.5.She takes good care of the children.The children are taken good care of by her.Homework1.Go over the notes about the passive voice.2.Write what you can do and what you did to help others using the passive voice.