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1、 The Psychology of Safety Presented by:Presented by:Dan Hannan,CSP,CHMMDan Hannan,CSP,CHMMSafety DirectorSafety DirectorAssociated General Contractors of MNAssociated General Contractors of MNWhat This Presentation is NOT!Although we are talking about how the mind works,NO hypnosis will be performed
2、.It is NOT a group therapy session to uncover some horrible aspect of your childhood.It is NOT going to involve an IQ test or otherwise measure your safety intelligence or aptitude.Presentation ObjectiveINTRODUCE the principles that shape our safety behaviorORWhy do we think and then do(or not do)wh
3、at we are suppose(or not suppose)to do to stay safe?I want you to start thinking about how people think(about safety)If you have any questions please hold them until the endInformation SourcesThe analysis of safety behavior or“Behavior Based The analysis of safety behavior or“Behavior Based Safety”i
4、s not a new concept.It has been Safety”is not a new concept.It has been studied for quite a few years by many folks.studied for quite a few years by many folks.Certain safety professionals feel it to be Certain safety professionals feel it to be worthwhile while some do not.worthwhile while some do
5、not.Articles and phone interviews by:Articles and phone interviews by:Robert Pater Robert Pater Ron BowlesRon BowlesScott GellerScott GellerPeter CholakisPeter CholakisAndrew Kapp and Praveen ParboteeahAndrew Kapp and Praveen ParboteeahNational Safety CouncilNational Safety CouncilDo you consider yo
6、urself a safe person?Do you observe the safety management programs that your company has prepared for its employees?Do you utilize your training,experience and safety equipment and procedures for protecting yourself and others on jobsites?For instance do you use fall protection,safety glasses,hearin
7、g protection and otherwise recognize and abate hazards that exist on the job?Do Youclimb into a deer stand,work on your roof at climb into a deer stand,work on your roof at home or otherwise work at heights on or off the home or otherwise work at heights on or off the job without fall protection?job
8、 without fall protection?mow the grass,operate a chain saw or weed mow the grass,operate a chain saw or weed whip or other power tools at home or work whip or other power tools at home or work without safety glasses,hearing protection or steel without safety glasses,hearing protection or steel toed
9、boots?toed boots?use a solvent based paint or stain or sand use a solvent based paint or stain or sand sheetrock in a poorly ventilated area or without sheetrock in a poorly ventilated area or without the use of a respirator?the use of a respirator?utilize electrical devices without the use of GFCI
10、utilize electrical devices without the use of GFCI or flipping the breaker?or flipping the breaker?Do Youwork in locations that would be considered a work in locations that would be considered a confined space where hazardous atmospheres confined space where hazardous atmospheres may exist(i.e.using
11、 cleaning chemicals in the may exist(i.e.using cleaning chemicals in the shower)?shower)?dig on the job or in your yard at home without dig on the job or in your yard at home without clearing buried utilities?clearing buried utilities?drive a vehicle without using a seat belt or drive a vehicle with
12、out using a seat belt or while applying makeup?while applying makeup?ensure that the trailer you are towing(boat)is ensure that the trailer you are towing(boat)is working properly,its not overloaded and the load working properly,its not overloaded and the load is properly secured.is properly secured
13、.No matter how much safety training has been No matter how much safety training has been provided why are unsafe acts still being provided why are unsafe acts still being committed(on and off the job?)committed(on and off the job?)QUIZ:Unsafe acts(behavior)account for _%of accidents and injuries?20-
14、4040-6060-7575Answer is 75An Ounce of Prevention is WorthEmployee and company safety-oriented programs designed Employee and company safety-oriented programs designed to promote safe behavior and make our jobsites a safer:to promote safe behavior and make our jobsites a safer:Craft labor apprentices
15、hip training programsCraft labor apprenticeship training programsOSHA 10/30 Outreach trainingOSHA 10/30 Outreach trainingVolunteer Protection Program(VPP)Volunteer Protection Program(VPP)State OSHA safety partnership programsState OSHA safety partnership programsTool box talks/best practicesTool box
16、 talks/best practicesSafety seminars and workshopsSafety seminars and workshopsOSHA consultation visitsOSHA consultation visitsPre-task planningPre-task planningHealth and safety plansHealth and safety plansWhy do we still place so much time and money into correcting unsafe conditions when more time
17、s than not the root cause is human behaviorability to recognize a hazard and make the proper decision?The company safety professional is an army of onewhy not create an army of dozens by modifying front-line employee behavior!An AGC Construction An AGC Construction Learning ToolLearning ToolAn AGC C
18、onstruction An AGC Construction Learning ToolLearning ToolAn AGC Construction An AGC Construction Learning ToolLearning ToolWHY?Why do we commit unsafe acts when we know better?Does Changing Ones Behavior Toward Safety Really Work?AbsolutelyResults from all sectors of manufacturing and Results from
19、all sectors of manufacturing and construction have shown construction have shown 40-75 percent reduction in accident rates and accident costs40-75 percent reduction in accident rates and accident costs Greater workforce involvement in safety Greater workforce involvement in safety Better communicati
20、ons between management and the Better communications between management and the workforceworkforce Greater ownership of safety by the workforce Greater ownership of safety by the workforce More positive attitudes towards safety More positive attitudes towards safety Greater individual acceptance of
21、responsibility for safetyGreater individual acceptance of responsibility for safetyHow many of you work with unsafe coworkers?Or Have children?What do they have in common?They just dont get it!(they dont do what theyve been told,listen to warnings,think things through or learn from their mistakes)WH
22、Y?The Psychology of Safe Behavior There appears to be three critical elements that shape our thought and reasoning processes and how we display that in the form of safety behavior(our actions)1.How We Learn(educated and trained)(educated and trained)2.How we are Motivated and Influenced(to do safety
23、)(to do safety)3.Ability to Focus and pay Attention(to the task at hand)(to the task at hand)Firstset the stage with some current safety psychology principles.Firstset the stage with some current safety psychology principles.The Mental Side of SafetyAn accident,injury or illness is the result of one
24、 or both of the followingUnsafe acts(behavior)OrUnsafe conditionsIt is the popular belief that behavior accounts for 75-90%of all incidentsBasis for Unsafe BehaviorThe consequence of behaving unsafely will nearly always determine future unsafe behavior,simply because reinforced behavior tends to be
25、repeated.ORIf I do something(knowingly or unknowingly)unsafe and dont get hurt(and I get the job done faster or cheaper),I will likely do it again(until I do get hurt or am asked to correct to stop behavior).Consequence versus outcomeif they succeed will they do it again?LESSON 2LESSON 2Aside from y
26、our safety behavior in the workplace,should your employer care about your safety off the job?Why is it important to your employer that good safety habits carry over into your home life?LESSON 1LESSON 1“Working Safe:How to help people actively care for health and safety”by E.Scott Geller,Ph.D.Why is
27、Good Safety Behavior Important at Work AND Away From Work?For the US population,the two leading causes of accidental death are motor vehicle accidents and falls(also the two biggest accident/death construction exposures).Nine times more workers die accidentally off the job than at work.There are app
28、roximately 12,000 deaths and 2.9 million disabling injuries that occur in the home each year.Why is Safety Important at Work AND Away From Work?The four most common injuries and fatalities on the jobfalls,electrocution,struck-by and caught-in.The first two causes are also major factors for injuries
29、and fatalities at home.Many hazards that exist in the workplace also exist away from work.Engrained safety behavior enables recognition and avoidance of these hazards regardless of where they existWhy is Safety Important at Work AND Away From Work?The mental strain caused by the loss of life or seri
30、ous injury to a co-worker.CostsWhether on the job or at home,unsafe behavior equates to large financial consequences for both the employer and employee.COSTSCOSTS128 million 128 million employees receiving workers employees receiving workers compensation benefits in 2005 at a cost of compensation be
31、nefits in 2005 at a cost of 55 55 billion dollars billion dollars or an average of or an average of$21,000$21,000 per per claim.claim.(National Safety Council Injury Facts 2008)(National Safety Council Injury Facts 2008)According to commonly accepted safety management According to commonly accepted
32、safety management concepts for concepts for every$1 in medical or insurance every$1 in medical or insurance compensation costs(direct costs)compensation costs(direct costs)for a worker injury,for a worker injury,$5-50 more$5-50 more are likely to be spent on are likely to be spent on indirect costs
33、indirect costs to to repair building,tool or equipment damage;to replace repair building,tool or equipment damage;to replace damage products or materials;and to make up for losses damage products or materials;and to make up for losses from production delays and interruptions.An additional from produ
34、ction delays and interruptions.An additional$1-3 in indirect costs$1-3 in indirect costs will be spent for hiring and training will be spent for hiring and training replacements and for time to investigate the incident.replacements and for time to investigate the incident.Developing an“all-the-time”
35、safety mindset to change behavior and create a safety cultureHow many of you personally haveWorked at least 5 years without a lost workday incident?10 years?15 years?20 years or more?Congratulations!You are all very lucky to not have been injured on the job,correct?NO!Luck has only a little to do wi
36、th it.A large part of your success has likely been determined by the priority you,your co-workers and your employer place on your safety and the safety of others.This is expressed in your safety behavior.Three Primary Safety Behavior Components1.How we learn(training and education programs)2.How we
37、are motivated or influenced to behave safely3.How we focus or pay attention to instructions and tasks#1Learning ProcessesCharacteristics of Adult LearnersAdults learn and retain information at different speeds.Adults are most receptive to training if they have an immediate use or need for the skill
38、or knowledge being taught.Adults bring a great deal of life experience to a training situation.It is important to allow adults to share their knowledge and expertise.Characteristics of Adult LearnersAdults have expectations about what they are Adults have expectations about what they are being taugh
39、t.being taught.In the case of safety it would In the case of safety it would be that they are being taught the correct way be that they are being taught the correct way of doing things to be safe and productive.of doing things to be safe and productive.Information retention and learning is based Inf
40、ormation retention and learning is based on what is already known.on what is already known.Learning progresses from the simple to the Learning progresses from the simple to the complex.People learn best if you break a complex.People learn best if you break a process or skill into fairly simple piece
41、s for process or skill into fairly simple pieces for learning retention.learning retention.A skill must be used to be rememberedA skill must be used to be remembered.It is Estimated.that the average person retains about 7 items in his or her short-term memory.that it takes between 10 and 15 contact
42、times with a hands-on skill before we retain it in our long-term memoryAdults Will Remember10%of what we Hear15%of what we See20%of what we Both Hear&See40%of what we Discuss with others80%of what we Experience Directly or Practice90%of what we attempt to Teach OthersThe%increases as we“use”and take
43、 The%increases as we“use”and take ownership of our knowledge(training and ownership of our knowledge(training and experience).experience).Effective Training and Learning Techniques often involve the following sequence1.You read the directions(procedure),I tell you You read the directions(procedure),
44、I tell you how to do it and then show you how to do it and then show you(demonstrate).(demonstrate).2.You tell me,show me and then write down You tell me,show me and then write down the process or steps,then Im going to read the process or steps,then Im going to read what you wrote to see if it make
45、s sense.what you wrote to see if it makes sense.Research indicates that we loose 95%of what weve learned in a training session in 2 weeks!SoHow Does the Learning Aspect of my Training Impact My Safety BehaviorThe The quality of instruction and learning quality of instruction and learning needs to ne
46、eds to be evaluated to ensure effectivenessDO NOT be evaluated to ensure effectivenessDO NOT assume everyone will comprehend and retain assume everyone will comprehend and retain equally.equally.A quality effective training program says the A quality effective training program says the employer valu
47、es and is committed to the safety of employer values and is committed to the safety of the employee.the employee.Solid training programs that Solid training programs that build a sense of build a sense of personal responsibilitypersonal responsibility are considered successful are considered success
48、ful and especially if safe behavior is carried away and especially if safe behavior is carried away from the jobsiteback to your home!from the jobsiteback to your home!#2Motivationand InfluenceNothing says motivation likeMotivationMotivation=”the forces influencing Motivation=”the forces influencing
49、 people so as to control the making of their people so as to control the making of their decisions”decisions”What are the factors that motivate us and What are the factors that motivate us and influence our level of effort with regard to influence our level of effort with regard to safety(output of
50、mind and body)?safety(output of mind and body)?Keeping yourself safe requires both your mind Keeping yourself safe requires both your mind and body.and body.When your life is on the line it only takes a When your life is on the line it only takes a lapse of either to yield disastrous results.lapse o