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1、高中英语定语从句学习误区及引导词考点归纳学习定语从句的几个误区一、误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：It was an island, whose name I have forgotten.它是一座岛，名字我忘了。The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays.这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。二、混淆定语从句与并列句请看下面两题：1.He has two children, and both of_are
2、 abroad.A.themB. whichC. whomD. who2.He has two children, both of_are abroad.A.themB. whichC. whomD. who第1题选A，第2题选C。由于第1题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第2题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下面一题：He has two children, both of_being abroad.A.themB. whichC. whomD. who此题答案为A，
3、其中的both of them being abroad为独立主格结构，用作状语。请再看一组类似的例子：1.He wrote a lot of novels, many of_translated into foreign languages.A.itB. them C. whichD. that2.He wrote a lot of novels, many of_were translated into foreign languages.A.itB. them C. whichD. that第1应选B，而不能选C，是因为句中的translated是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选C，则该从句
4、无谓语；第2应选C，因为句中有谓语were translated。比较下面一例：He wrote a lot of novels, and many of_were translated into foreign languages.A.it B. themC. whichD. that此题与上面的第2题不同，两句间多了一个并列连词and，说明这是一个并列句，故应选B，则不能选C。三、混淆关系代词与关系副词有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也不一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作
5、主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：This is the factory where I want to work.这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)This is the factory that I want to visit.这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visit的宾语)The reason why he cant come is that he is ill.他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语)The reason that he put forth is ver
6、y important.他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)比较下面的考题：1.This is the room_I lived ten years ago.A.thatB. whereC. whoD. what2.This is the room_I lived in ten years ago.A.thatB. whereC. whoD. what3.This is the room_I bought ten years ago.A.thatB. whereC. whoD. what4.This is the room_I visited t
7、en years ago.A.thatB. whereC. whoD. what5.This is the room_I was born ten years ago.A.thatB. whereC. whoD. what第1题选B，因为live是不及物动词，它无需接宾语；第2题选A，因为虽然live不及物，但live in却是及物，它应有自己的宾语；第3、4题也应选A，因为buy和visit均为及物动词，它们应有自己的宾语；第5应选B，因为be born无需有自己的宾语。四、误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定
8、语从句。如：1.If a book is in English,_means slow progress for you.A.asB. whichC. whatD. that2.When I say two hours,_includes time for eating.A.asB. whichC. whatD. that以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别这类定语从句只能由which或as引导。两者之间的区别在于：1.wh
9、ich引导的定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的从句可位于主句前、中、后。如：David, as you know, is a photograopher.戴维是个摄影师，你是知道的。(不可用which)Li Ming is late, as is often the case.李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。(不可用which)2.as在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语通常要有be或别的系动词，但which不受此限制。如：Li Ming was late, which (=and this) made Mr. Zhang very angry.李明迟到了，这件事使张先生非常生气。(不可用as)3.
10、as引导的定语从句只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，但which不受此限制。如：He married her, which was unexpected.他和她结婚了，这是出乎意料的。(不可用as)4.as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这(件事，一点)”，可用and this/that/it来代替。5.as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，
11、as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。注：which代表整个句子，还可用于in which case, at which point, on which occasion等。如：I may have to work late, in which case Ill telephone you.我可能得晚点下班，那样我会给你打电话的。of whom / which引导的定语从句在非限制性定语从句中，先行词作为一个整体，表示整体中的一部分，即表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用of which/ whom或者of which / whom都可以。但与表示所属关系不同，这里不能用
12、whose来代替of which。一、表示整体中的部分The buses,most of whichwere already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车大多数都已经挤满了人，它们被愤怒的人群包围着。I picked up the apples,some of whichwere badly bruised.我拣起那些苹果，其中有一些伤得很厉害。I bought a dozen eggs, six of which broke when I dropped the box.我买了一打鸡蛋，六个在我失手掉了盒子时摔碎了。There ar
13、e two bottles left,one of whichis almost finished and the other of which is not quite.只剩两瓶，一瓶快喝完了，另一瓶没完全喝完。The treasure some of which has been recovered, has been sent to the British Museum.这些宝藏已送往大英博物馆，其中有一些是失而复得的。二、表示所属关系Hes written a book, the name of which Ive forgotten.他写了一本书，书名我忘了。句中的the name
14、of which=whose name。It was an agreement the details of which could not be altered.这是一项其细节不可更改的协定。句中的the details of which=whose details。who (whom)和that的用法区别详解在定语从句中，关系代词who (whom) 和that都可指人和物，在一般情况下，可以互换使用，但在下列情况下值得注意：一、用who (whom) 而不用that的情形(1)在非限制性定语从句中的先行词指人时，只能用who (whom)。如：My sister, who is stud
15、ying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐，她在国外学习，就在圣诞节前给我寄来了漂亮的礼物。(2)当定语从句对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，只能用who (whom)。如：Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你认识黑板前面正在给学生们讲话的那位女孩子吗？(3)当先行词为people和those时，只能用who (whom)。如：Those who want to go t
16、here come here please. 那些想去那儿的人请来这边。(4)当先行词为one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 时，只能用who (whom)。如：Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反对我们的人就是我们的敌人。(5)先行词指人，而关系代词在从句中作主语时，一般多用who。如：The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天来这儿的那个人说过几天他会再来。(6)在there be句型中名词
17、的定语从句多用who (whom)。如：There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我们班有些学生你见过。(7)当句子中有两个指人的现行词分别带有两个定语从句时，若一个定语从句的引导词为that, 那么，另一个定语从句的引导词必定为who。如：The boy that you met just now is Li Mings brother who just graduated from a university. 刚才你会到的那个男孩是李明的刚从大学毕业的弟弟。二、用that 而不用who (whom)的情形(1)当先行词
18、前面有形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在为我们队踢足球的最高哪个运动员来自山东。(2)当先行词前面有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形容词修饰时，引导词只能用that。如：He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一个对老师说“不”的学生(3)当主句是以who开头的特殊疑问句时，
19、引导词只能用that。如：Who is woman that you talked with just now? 刚才跟你谈话的那位妇女是谁？(4)the same as 与the same thatthe same as所引导定语从句的内容与先行词同类而不同物；the same that表示所引导的从句内容与先行词同类同物，即：同一事物。如：She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着我几天前所丢失的上衣。(暗含：她偷了我的上衣)She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿着跟我几天前所丢失的上衣同样的上衣。(暗含：她所穿的上衣不是我所丢失的那一件)学科网（北京）股份有限公司