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1、高中英语语法:虚拟语气常考词汇运用without什么时候与虚拟语气连用当without表示“若没有”时,如果谈论的是一种与事实相反的假设,要用虚拟语气,此时它与but for的用法相同。如:Id be lost without you here.要是没有你在这儿,我会一筹莫展。 (事实是:你在这儿。)Life would be quieter without the telephone.要是没有电话,生活就会清静一些了。(事实是: 我们的生活中有电话。)Without your advice l would have failed. 假若没有你的劝告,我想必已失败了。 (事实是: 我听了你的劝
2、告。)I never could have done it without your help.如果没有你的帮助我永远也不会完成这事。(事实是:我得到了你的帮助。)Wed be better off without them as neighbors.要是没有他们这些邻居,我们就过得更愉快了。(事实是:我们有这样的邻居。)二、 如果without谈论的只是一种普通的假设,并不强调与既定事实相反,则不必用虚拟语气。如:Can you see without your glasses? 如果不戴眼镜,你能看见吗?Wont you be lonely without her? 要是没有她,你会不会感
3、到孤独?Without anyone to help,how can we go on? 如果没有人帮忙,我们怎么能进行下去?If only和as if所引出的虚拟语气用法1. if only后的句子用虚拟语气if only与I wish一样,也是表示与事实相反的愿望的,其后所虚拟语气的时态与wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:If only it would stop raining!雨要是停了就好了。If only he didnt drive so fast.但愿他车没开得那么快。If only she had had more courage!她再勇敢一些就好了。注:if only通常独
4、立使用,没有主句。2. as if (as though)从句的虚拟语气以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虚拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时;表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might, could)+动词原形。如:He looked at me as if I were mad.他瞧着我仿佛我疯了似的。I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.我记得整个这件事就仿佛是昨天发生的。注:从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈
5、述语气:It looks as if well be late.我们似乎要迟到了。This meat tastes as if it has already gone bad.这肉吃起来似乎已经坏了。在现代英语中,有时即使从句内容不是事实,也可能用陈述语气。如如:I feel as if as though Im floating on air.他感到好像漂浮在空中。另外,还要注意It isnt as if的翻译。如:It isnt as if you were going away for good.又不是你离开不回来了。Its time后的定语从句用虚拟语气的格式Its time后的定语从
6、句通常要用虑拟语气,即从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来,有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”较少见,且should不能省略),其意为“(早)该干某事了”。如:Its time we ordered dinner. 现在该叫菜了。Its time that he studied hard.-=Its time that he should study hard. h一该用注: time前有时有about和high修饰。如:Its high time you bought a new car. 你该买辆新车了。另外,与其他的虚拟结构不同,该结构不能在该用was时而用were。如:Its
7、 time I was in bed.我该上床睡了。(不用were)as if/ as though 从句用虚拟语气的格式以as(as though引导的方式状语从句或表语从句,有时用虑拟语气,若表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时,若表示与过去事实相反,用过去完成时,表示将来的可能性不大,用would (might,could)+动词原形。如: love you as if you were my son.我爱你就像你是我的儿子。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it ilks as if it were broken. 当把一支铅
8、的一部分放在一水里时,它看起来好像折断7似的。注:有时虚拟语气并不明显(特别是主句动词为过去时时)。如:He paused as though he found a difficulty.他停了下来,仿佛遇到什么困难似的。若从句所表示的内容为事实或可能为事实,也可用陈述语气。如:It seemed as though he didnt recognize me. 他似平没认出我来。在现代英语中,有时即使从句内容不是事实,也可能用陈述语气:I feel as if as though I m floating on air.他感到好像漂浮在空中The stuffed dog barked as
9、if it is were was a real one.玩具狗叫起来像真狗。另外,注意 It isnt as if.的翻译。如:It isnt as if he were poor.他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。It isnt as if you were going away for good.又不是你离开不回来了。if only后接句子用虚拟语气的格式If only 与I wish一样,也用于表示与事实相反的愿望,其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同。如:If only he werewas alive.要是他还活着就好了。If only he could arrive
10、in time. 要是他能及时赶来就好了!If only I had listened to your advice! 我要是听了你的劝告就好了!If only I were (was) not so nervous now.要是我现在不那么鉴张就好了。注: if only 通常独立使用,没有主句。另外,其后的句子有时也可用陈述语气。如:If only he comes.要是他能来就好了。If only he gets the job,it will make a great deal of difference. 他只要能得到这份工作,情况就大不相同了。wish后接宾语从句的虚拟语气格式wi
11、sh后接宣语从句时,从句谓语通常要用虑拟语气:若表示与现在事实相反的原望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时,若表示与过去相反的原望,从句谓语用过去完成时或would /could+have+过去分词;若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的原望,用would(could)+动词形。如:I wish we had a car.要是我们有一辆车多好啊I wish she were not married.我直希望州没结婚He wished he hadnt done it他希望没做过这事。I wish you would imitate your brother a little more.我希望你多学
12、学你的兄弟。suggest类虚拟语气suggest的用法与动词insist相似,后接宾语从句时,有时用陈述语气,有时用虚拟语气。具体用法如下:1.suggest表示提出建议若suggest表示“建议”,后接从句所表示的内容为建议要做的事情,也就是说从句所描述的内容尚未成为事实,此时从句谓语要用虚拟语即谓语采用“should+动词原形”,其中的should在美国英语中通常被省略。如: suggest that we (should) have lunch now. 我建议我们现在吃午饭He suggested that she (should) come another day. 他建议她改天再
13、来2.suggest表示陈述事实若宾语从句的内容表示的是已经存在的真实情况,则用陈述语气,此是suggest的意思是“暗示”表明”“指出”“提出(看法)等。如:His smile suggested that he was satisfied.他的微笑表明他是满意的Im not suggesting that the accident was your fault.我并不是说这个事故是你的错Others suggest that they two will be equals.其他人认为他们俩将是势均力敌注意,除suggest外,advise,promos等在表示“建议”时,若后接宾语从句,从
14、句也应使用“should+动词原开”这样的虚拟语气,其中的should在美国英语中通常被省略。如 :He advised that I (should) write her a letter.他建议我给她写封信The doctor advised that he (should) change his job.医生建议他改换T作I propose that they should stay here. 我建议他们留在这里insist类虚拟语气insist的中文意思是“坚持”,后接宾语从句时,既可以表示“坚持”从句内容是真实的,是已经存在的事实;也可以表示“坚持”从句内容将是真实的,希望它成为事
15、实。具体用法如下 :1.insist表示事实即insist的主语认为,从句内容是既成的事实,不容置疑一一此时从句谓语用陈述语气。如:He insists that he has lost his wallet. 他坚持说他的钱包丢了He still insisted he wasnt there at the time.他仍然坚持说他当时不在那儿2imsist表示希望即insist的主语认为,从句内容虽然还不是事实,但非常希望它成为事实此时从句谓语用虚拟语气,即采用“should+动词原形”的形且其中的should在美国英语中可以省略。如:式She insisted that I (shoul
16、d) stay for supper.她一定要我留下吃晚饭 insisted that he (should) go with us.我坚持要他和我们一块儿去比较:He insists that I have read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信He insists that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信第一句用的是陈述语气,说明主主语he认为从句内容“我看过他的信”是已经发生的事实,第二句用的是虚拟语气,说明主句主语he认为从句内容“我看他的信”还不是事实,但他希望这能成为事实请注意体会下面一个例子,也是一样的情形:He insisted that he was not it but the doctor insisted that he should take the medicine. 他坚持说他没有病,但医生却坚持要他服药.学科网(北京)股份有限公司