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1、Unit 2 The United Kingdom-Grammar动词的动词的动词的动词的-eded形式形式形式形式I.I.基本形式和意义基本形式和意义动词的动词的-eded形式，即传统语法所指的形式，即传统语法所指的“过去过去分词分词”。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动。它是动词的一种非限定形式。动词的词的-eded形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特形式兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。动词的-eded形式和宾语或状语一起构成形式和宾语或状语一起构成-eded分词短语分词短语.动动词词-eded形式的基本形式是形式的基本形式是“动词动词+-+-e
2、ded”，但但也有不规则的形式。也有不规则的形式。II.II.动词动词-eded形式在句法功能形式在句法功能1.作表语作表语1.1 动词动词-ed形式形式表语时，其作用相当于表语时，其作用相当于adj.,说说明的是主语的状态。明的是主语的状态。All the windows are broken.All hope is gone.This article is well written.He appeared satisfied with my work.（1 1）完全形容化了的完全形容化了的动词动词-ed形式形式：可以被可以被veryvery等等副词修饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有副词修
3、饰，可以有比较级等级形式。常见的有常见常见的有：的有：bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,bored,disappointed,excited,frightened,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,interested,pleased,puzzled,satisfied,surprised,tired,worried worried 等。等。（2）有的）有的动词动词-ed形式形式可以被副词可以被副词well修饰，如：修饰，如：built,cooked,done,dressed,kn
4、own,organized,prepared,written等。等。（3）其它副词也可以修饰）其它副词也可以修饰动词动词-ed形式形式，如：，如：deeply moved,highly developed,heavily-populated等。等。1.21.2动词动词-ed形式形式作表语时，其后可以接介词短作表语时，其后可以接介词短语、不定式短语及语、不定式短语及that that 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句Heisverymuchdisappointedat the result.Themotherwaspleasedto hear from her son.Imsatisfiedthat
5、 you didnt tell me a lie.1.3“be+动词动词-ed形式形式”有可能是一个系表结构，有可能是一个系表结构，也有可能是一个被动结构。也有可能是一个被动结构。Whyistheglassbroken?Bywhomwastheglassbroken?(系表结构）系表结构）(被动结构被动结构)Itiscoveredwiththickiceanddeepsnow.Yourtableshouldbecoveredbyawhitecloth.(系表结构）系表结构）(被动结构被动结构)1.4 动词的动词的-ed形式与形式与-ing 形式作表语的区别形式作表语的区别Traveling i
6、s interesting but tiring旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳。They were very excited at the news听到这个消息，他们感到非常激动。听到这个消息，他们感到非常激动。凡凡表表示示主主语语“令令人人的的”都都用用-ing 形形式式，凡凡是是表表示主语示主语“感到感到”时都用时都用-eded形式。形式。Multiple choice:1.As we joined the big crowd,I got _ from my friends.A.Separate B.spared C.lost D.missed2.The busin
7、ess of on-line shopping so far has been _ for the sellers who are already offering their services.A.disappointed B.disappointing C.disappoint D.to be disappointed 3.-Shall we go swimming?-OK.Ill just go and get _.A.changed B.to change C.to be changed D.changingBAA2 2.作定语作定语2.1.2.1.单个单个动词动词-ed形式形式作定语
8、作定语,通常位于名词之前通常位于名词之前a.及物动词的及物动词的动词动词-eded形式形式，具有被动和完成的意义。，具有被动和完成的意义。a broken cup a wounded soldieran unexpected visitor the excited crowd b.不及物动词的不及物动词的动词动词-eded形式形式，具有主动和完成意义。，具有主动和完成意义。a grown woman a retired officerthe risen sun fallen leavesc.合成的合成的动词动词-eded形式形式a much-needed reform widely-held
9、opinions2.2.动词动词-ed形式的短语形式的短语作定语：通常位于名词之后作定语：通常位于名词之后,其作其作用相当于定语从句。用相当于定语从句。a letter written in pencilthe tree reflected in the lakethe machines produced last year=a letter which was written in pencil=the tree that was reflected in the lake=the machines which were produced last year2.3 动词的动词的-ed形式与形
10、式与-ing形式作定语的区别形式作定语的区别动词的动词的-ing形式表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作形式表示所修饰的名词正在进行的动作或主动关系，以及表示事物的属性、用途等；或主动关系，以及表示事物的属性、用途等；动词的动词的-ed形式表示与形式表示与所修饰的名词相关的所修饰的名词相关的已完成已完成的动作或被动关系。的动作或被动关系。the changing worldthe changed world（正在变化的）（正在变化的）（变化了的）（变化了的）boiling waterboiled water（正在沸腾的正在沸腾的)（已经沸腾过的）（已经沸腾过的）fading flowers fade
11、d flowers(正在凋谢的正在凋谢的)（已经凋谢的）（已经凋谢的）a developing countrya developed country(发展中的发展中的)（发达的）（发达的）Translation work:另人恐怖的场景另人恐怖的场景受了惊吓的马受了惊吓的马令人失望的孩子令人失望的孩子感到失望的孩子感到失望的孩子afrighteningsightafrightenedhorseadisappointingchildadisappointedchildComplete the following sentences:Doyouknowtheman_(跟我们数学老师谈话的）？Ilo
12、stthepen_(我叔叔买的）。talkingtoourmathsteacherboughtbymyuncle 3.1.3.1.在感观动词在感观动词feel,hear feel,hear 和和see see 之后，如：之后，如：Iheardmynamecalled.Hefelthimselfcheated.Isawhiseyesfixed on me in curiosity.3.3.作宾语补足语作宾语补足语3.2.3.2.在在表示表示“希望，愿望，命令希望，愿望，命令,忍受忍受”这一这一类动词后面做宾语补足语类动词后面做宾语补足语，这类动词有：，这类动词有：cant bear,hate,l
13、ike,love,need,cant bear,hate,like,love,need,prefer,want,wish prefer,want,wish 等，等，如：如：Heneedshiscoatmended.Katewouldlikeherroompaintedwhite.Iprefereggsboiledhard.Wewishyourworkfinishedquickly.Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.3.3.在有些表示状态的动词后，这类词有：在有些表示状态的动词后，这类词有：keep,leave,show等，如：等，如：Theykeptthedoor
14、lockedforalongtime.Dont leave the windows broken like this allthetime.Please keep us informed of the latestdevelopments.3.4.在使役动词在使役动词have 后，通常有两方面的含义：后，通常有两方面的含义：1)表示表示让某人做某事让某人做某事。I have had my bike repaired.我已经找人修好了自行车。我已经找人修好了自行车。2)表示表示遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击等。等。My elder sister had her wallet s
15、tolen last month.上个月我姐姐的钱包被偷了上个月我姐姐的钱包被偷了.3.5.3.5.用用 在在makemake之后，之后，在这种结构中，动词的在这种结构中，动词的-eded形式的动词形式的动词,表示目的或结果。表示目的或结果。Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.我提高了嗓门以便于被人家听到。Theymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstood.他们设法使别人明白了他们的意思。Youmustmadeyourviewsknowntoeverybody.你要向大家说明你的观点。3.6.3.6.动词动词 的的 eded形式与形式与-in
16、ging 形式作宾语补足形式作宾语补足语的区别：语的区别：1）在在see,hear,watch,notice等等感感官官动动词词后后作作宾宾补补时时，-ing形形式式表表示示正正在在进进行行的的动动作作，强强调调当当时时的的情情景景，为为部部分分过过程程；动动词词的的-ed形形式式则则表表示示其其与与宾宾语语之之间间为为被被动关系或有该动作已完成的概念。例如：动关系或有该动作已完成的概念。例如：We heard her singing this song when we got there.我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。我们到达时，听见她在唱这首歌。We often hear this son
17、g sung by her.我们经常听见她唱这首歌。我们经常听见她唱这首歌。(歌是被唱歌是被唱)2)用在用在have,get,leave等动词后作宾补时，动词的等动词后作宾补时，动词的-ing形式强调进行的状态或持续状态，动词的形式强调进行的状态或持续状态，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。形式表示被动关系。We tried our best,but still couldnt get the machine running.(强调启动，进入工作状态强调启动，进入工作状态)The farmers got the planting done before the rains came.(被动，已完成
18、被动，已完成)3)用用在在with复复合合结结构构中中,动动词词的的-ing形形式式表表示主动关系，动词的示主动关系，动词的-ed形式表示被动关系。形式表示被动关系。With the boy leading us the way,we had no difficulty in finding her house.(主动关系，主动关系，lead为男孩的动作为男孩的动作)With homework done，Jim went out to play football.(被动关系，作业是被做被动关系，作业是被做)Multiple choice:1.A cook will be immediately
19、 fired if he is found _ _ in the kitchen.(NMET 2003)A.smoke B.smoking C.to smoke D.smoked2.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.(1999NMET)Acarry out Bcarrying out Ccarried out Dto carry out3.If you want _ immediately,you have to give us some money in advance.A.t
20、hat the work be done B.the work done C.to have done the job D.the job that is doneBCB4.1.作时间状语作时间状语Toldofhismothersaccident,Jackphonedthehospital.TranslatedintoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveadifferentwordorder.Whenaskedtospeak,hecomplainedaboutthepoorservice.4.2.作原因状语作原因状语Caughtintherain,hehadafe
21、ver.4.4.作状语作状语InspiredbyOprahWinfery,shebecameconfident.4.3.作条件状语作条件状语Givenmoretime,Illbeabletodoitbetter.Cleared,thissitewouldbeveryvaluable.Thehousewilllookbiggerifpaintedwhite.Shewillgladlycometoyourhouseifinvited.4.4.作让步状语作让步状语Defeated,heremainedapopularboxer.Thoughtoldtostop,hekeptonwalking.Eve
22、nifgiveneveryopportunity,theywouldnotsucceed.4.5.作方式状语作方式状语Iamreturningyourletterasrequested.Hewaswalkingsadlyasifinjured.4.6.作伴随状语作伴随状语Marycameoutoftheroom,followedbyherdog.Acrowdrushedin,armedwithsticks.4.7.动词动词 的的 eded形式与形式与-inging 形式作状语形式作状语的区别：的区别：动动词词的的-ing形形式式做做状状语语与与动动词词的的-ed形形式式做做状状语语的的最最主主
23、要要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。He went out shutting the door behind him.Not knowing what to do,he went to his parents for help.Given more attention,the trees could have grown better.Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.Multiple choice:1.They are going to have the
24、 service man _ an electric fan in the office tomorrow.A.fix B.to fix C.to be fixed D.fixed2.You will see this product _ wherever you go.A.to be advertised B.advertised C.advertise D.advertising3._ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.(NMET2004 湖北湖北)A.Compare B.
25、When comparing C.Comparing D.When compared ABD4._ by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.(2004辽宁辽宁)A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted5._the programme,they have to stay there for another two weeks.（NMET 2004 广东）广东）A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed6.Our self-respect increased when _by others.A.feeling accepted B.accepted C.we feel accepted D.acceptingBCC