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1、（1）Heighten Your Appreciation of MusicMusic is such a fundamental part of human culture that it likely pre-dates literacy, the invention of the wheel, and even the musical note itself. While people generally know what kind of music they like 一 and what they dont its possible to expand your appreciat
2、ion by learning new ways to listen. Here are some tips for cultivating sensitive awareness of musical elements.You might feel frightened picking up a guitar or sitting down at a piano but learning an instrument can help you better understand how a song comes together and what role a specific type of
3、 sound plays in the composition. Moreover, the movement and effort of a live performance can often focus your attention on parts of a song you may have otherwise missed. So, the next time you hear a song particularly a classical arrangement try to imagine it being performed. Or, try to picture a sce
4、ne (a thunderstorm, a race) that best fits the mood and tempo of the piece.Its certainly not necessary to grab your favorite musicians biography in order to appreciate a good ditty, but it may help you better understand the context in which he or she wrote the lyrics or recorded a track. Researching
5、 backgrounds can also lead you to discover social and political influences at the time the music was created.It could be hard to appreciate a warm day unless youve spent a winter freezing. Likewise, listening to music requires a contrast that helps you better understand how organized and harmonious
6、it can be. Listen to 一 dont just hear 一 common, everyday noises. While some may be irritating, others may have a melody all their own. Either way, youll return to a piece of music with a new respect for a focused, deliberate bit of sound.参考答案：1.Music is important in human culture. Here are several w
7、ays to level up ones appreciation. First, learning instruments helps understand musical composition and live performance makes one focus on the details. Second, musicians5 biographies and background research tell the context knowledge and influences of musical pieces. Finally, one can appreciate mus
8、ic better by listening to everyday noises as a contrast. (60 words) （2） Brain-reading software Opens Communication ChannelsScientist Stephen Hawking had to work really hard to speak. He chose letters and words from a synthesizer screen controlled by twitches of a muscle in his cheek. However, the pa
9、instaking process used by Hawking, who died in 2018, might soon be replaced.With a very different approach, doctors have found a way to get a persons speech directly from their brain. The breakthrough is the first to show how a persons intention to say specific words can be taken from brain signals
10、and turned into text quickly.The work, funded by Facebook, was possible thanks to three patients. They had epilepsy (癫痫)and were about to have surgery for their condition. Before their operations went ahead, all three had a small patch of tiny devices placed directly on their brain for at least a we
11、ek. The doctor used the devices to record brain activity while each patient was asked nine questions. The patients also were asked to read a list of 24 potential responses. Using the recordings, researchers built computer models that learned to match particular patterns of brain activity to the ques
12、tions the patients heard and the answers they spoke. Once trained, the software could identify almost instantly, and from brain signals alone, what question a patient heard.Despite the breakthrough, there are hurdles ahead. One challenge is to improve the software so it can translate brain signals i
13、nto more varied speech. This will require software trained on a huge amount of spoken language and corresponding brain signal data. Brain signals vary from one patient to another. Another goal is to read unimagined speech, or sentences spoken in the mind. At the moment, the system detects brain sign
14、als that are sent to move the lips, tongue and jaw. In other words, it sees signals between the machinery of speech. However, for some patients these signals may not be enough and more advanced ways of reading sentences in the brain will be needed.参考答案：2.A brain-reading software translating brain si
15、gnals into texts eliminates limitation of machines used by Hawking. Scientists recorded brain activities of three epilepsy patients during question and response process to build computer models able to match brain signals and speech. Challenges lie in feeding more data to enable interpretation of di
16、versified speech and advanced ways to read sentences not spoken directly. (60 words)（3）What Makes Costco So Successful ?Costco is an American multinational corporation which operates a chain of membership-only warehouse clubs. The worlds largest retailers didnt achieve that honor by chance. Costcos
17、high sales are achieved without any advertising (no newspapers, radio, TV or billboards), apart from targeting marketing when opening a new warehouse. New members are added due to positive word-of-mouth of existing members. What is the secret to Costcos success? Here are some reasons.Costco never se
18、ll seconds； only top quality. This is reflected in the quality-sensitive Fresh Department (Meat, Produce, Bakery and Deli) that generate over $ 400,000 sales each week, all without advertising or promotions. It is the largest seller of fine wines in the world. In addition, the growing range of its h
19、igh quality, great value, unique (ie, available only in Costco) Kirkland Signature private label items, ranging from food and beverages to dry goods and clothing, adds to its strong value perception and acts as a powerful reason to return.Certain items have become part of its customers5 mindsets, ev
20、en if bought only occasionally. Two standouts include its $1.50 Hot Dog & 20oz Soda offer and its 31b $ 4.99 Rotisserie Chicken (of which they sell, on average, over 2,000 each week per warehouse). Such reassures and reinforces the customers trust in Costcos value and quality. The greater the trust,
21、 the more inclined a customer is to return.To create a sense of excitement, urgency, and a need to visit frequently, Costco provides a flow of in-out items continually throughout the year： buy now, it may not be here next week! Finding these non-repeated in-out offers creates a treasure hunt environ
22、ment. Obviously, the more often a customer visits, the more treasures he or she discovers.Costco now operates nearly 700 stores, mostly in North America, and the profits have been growing nonstop over the past decade. Its business model has proven to be successful.参考答案：A few secrets lie beneath the
23、success of the chain store Costco. Costco boasts its wide-ranging quality products, some of them exclusive to the store. In addition, its products are trustworthy, including some that impress themselves on the minds of the customers. Finally, Costco adds excitement into the shopping experience by offering temporarily available items. (55 words)