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1、Lesson1Lesson1Lesson1Lesson1定语从句定语从句一般定语与定语从句的比较一般定语与定语从句的比较1This is a girl.This is a fashionable girl.This is a girl who is as fashionable as Lady Gaga.一般定语与定语从句的比较一般定语与定语从句的比较练习：体会一下定语从句的魅力Beauty is the drop of rain that keeps the human spirit form death by draught.Beauty is a silent refreshment t
2、hat we perhaps do not think about but which goes on all the time.Beauty is the smile on the earths face,which is open to all and needs but the eyes to see,mood to understand.美如雨露般滋润着我们干涸的心田。美悄然而来，在我们不经意间荡涤尘寰，延绵不断。美是大地的笑容，人人得以享受。只要我们用眼去捕捉，用心去感受。定语从句两大要害：先行词定语从句两大要害：先行词 关系词关系词定语从句两大要害定语从句两大要害：先行先行词词 关
3、系词关系词2先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词、代词。She threw away her new dress which she bought yesterday.关系词：连接先行词和定语从句的桥梁；并在从句中充当一定成分(经纪人的角色)I dont like the people who never keep their words.定语从句两大要害：先行词定语从句两大要害：先行词 关系词关系词定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路3找词成分选词找先行词定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路先行词的分类：A.先行词是一个词The beauty of a woman is not in the clo
4、thes that she wears,the figure that she carries,or the way she combs her hair.The beauty of a woman must be seen from in her eyes,because that is the doorway to her heart the place where love resides.-Audrey Hepburn女人的美，不是来自于她所穿的衣服，或她的身材，或她梳头的样子。而是来自于她的眼睛，因为透过眼镜，我们能看到她的心灵，一个充满爱心的所在。定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思
5、路先行词的分类：B.先行词是一个完整的句子I became a single mother overnight,which is nothing like becoming famous overnight.我一夜之间成了单亲妈妈，这跟一夜成名可完全不同。练习：翻译我女朋友喜欢和别的男生跳舞，这一点让我很是抓狂。My girlfriend likes dancing with other guys,which really drives me crazy.定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路先行词的位置：一般紧跟关系词There is this difference between happi
6、ness and wisdom:the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so;but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool.Its hard t o have a friend who you can trust completely.定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路先行词的位置：练习：找到先行词There are altogether eleven books on the shelf which Benben
7、 has advised us to read.There are altogether eleven books on the shelf which Benben has advised us to read.定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路先行词的位置：但是有时候先行词也会跟关系词骨肉分离定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路如何找到先行词(1)看定语从句的含义来(把先行词放到定语从句中去，翻译一下，看看是否合乎逻辑)(2)看定语从句的谓语动词的单复数(确定、佐证)定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路先行词的位置：练习：Ive become good friends with seve
8、ral of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.【2019年湖南卷】a.who b.where c.when d.which【a.who;先行词是students】定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路先行词的位置：练习：After my talk with the professor,_ was short but rewarding,I had a new outlook on the problem I was facing.a.who b.that c.it d.which【
9、d.which;先行词是talk】定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路先行词的位置：练习：找到先行词The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved(broken down)in the soil solution(mixture)before they can be taken into the root.【考研真题】The mineral elements from the soil that are usable by the plant must be dissolved
10、in the soil solution before they can be taken into the root.定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路如何找到先行词练习：找到先行词For example,changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make life even more stressful for the post-80s.【CET-6】For example,changes in the economy t
11、hat lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment in general make life even more stressful for the post-80s.定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路找词成分选词成分看看定语从句中是否缺少主语、宾语。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which made the others envy him a lot.My favorite season is spring,wh
12、en the earth seems born again.定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路找词成分选词选关系词从句中缺少主语、宾语，选：Who,whom,which,that从句中不缺少主语、宾语，选：Whose,when,why,where定语从句的解题思路定语从句的解题思路定语定语从句的关系从句的关系代词代词4先行词是“人”：who,whom,thatAnger is a thief who/that steals away the nice moments in our life.先行词是“物”：which,thatAnger is a wind which/that blows
13、out the lamp of the mind.定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词4.1 who/whom指代“人”例句：Friendship is a very difficult thing.It is hard to handle.It creates many different problems.In fact I would say that friendship is as hard to handle as love is,or even marriage.Of course I am not talking about easy-come-easy-go friendsh
14、ip.Im talking about friends who care deeply about each other,who support each other,who make life worth living.Im talking about friends whom you can share almost everything with.定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词Who or Whom?WHO前面不能直接加介词Im talking about friends who(m)you can share almost everything with.可以改写成：Im tal
15、king about friends with whom you can share almost everything.就不能改写成：Im talking about friends with who you can share almost everything.(错)定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词Who or Whom?WHOM在定语从句中不能作主语，但可以作宾语或者表语。He is no long the man who/whom he was three years ago.【注意】作表语，who/whom均可 定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词4.2 which/that指
16、代“物”两者有何区别？定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词That or Which?A.用that不用which(1).当先行词中有人有物时Sister Feng and her make-up that startles us a lot is very popular on the internet.He and his family _ I like very much are here today,too.that/who/whom定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词That or Which?A.用that不用which(2).先行词是“所有，没有；很多、很少；四个东西(thing
17、)；序数；最高；最后；恰好”(指“物”)或被这些词修饰的时候定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词That or Which?A.用that不用which所有：all没有：none很多：many，much很少：few，little四个东西(thing)：something，anything，nothing，everything；(包括some，any，no，every)序数：the first,the fifth最高：the best,the most outstanding最后：the last恰好：the very,the right,the one,the only定语从句定语从句的关系代
18、词的关系代词That or Which?B.用which不用that(3).that不用在非限定性定语从句中I became a single mother overnight,which is nothing like becoming famous overnight.我一夜之间成了单亲妈妈，这跟一夜成名可完全不同。定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词That or Which?B.用which不用that(4).that不直接跟在介词后The world in which we live is made up of matters.=The world that/which we liv
19、e in is made up of matters.The world in that we live is made up of matters.(错)定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词That or Which?B.用which不用that(5).当先行词本身就是代词that时-Which dress do you like better?-I prefer that(one)which is so unique.Perhaps it is human to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which
20、we have not.或许，“不惜已获，贪求不得”是人类共同的弱点吧。定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词4.4 whose，表示“人”或“物”所有关系一般满足A_B的形式，符合“A的B”含义。When I looked through the window,I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.练习：填空Look out!Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.a.whose b.which c.of which d.that 【福建高考题】【a.;想想c为什么不行】
21、定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词4.4 whose，表示“人”或“物”所有关系一般满足A_B的形式，符合“A的B”含义。练习：填空The gentleman,_ office I once worked,is a very thoughtful boss.a.in his b.whose c.of whom the d.in whose 【d.;想想b为什么不行】定语从句定语从句的关系代词的关系代词定语从句的关系副词定语从句的关系副词55.1 when，先行词必须是表示时间的名词We will put off the outing until next week,when we wont
22、be so busy.There was _ time _ I hate to go to school.【湖北高考】a.a;that b.a;when c.the;that d.the;when【b.】定语从句的关系副词5.2 why先行词必须是表示原因的名词，如reason，cause等Online shopping is becoming more and more popular in China.The two major reasons why it is so popular are its convenience and its competitive price.定语从句的关
23、系副词5.3 whereWhere的先行词一般是地点名词A:Since you work in the theater,cant you get me a free ticket now and then?B:Certainly if you bring me a few notes now and then from the bank where you work!定语从句的关系副词5.3 where先行词可以是含有地点意义的其他各种名词（通常是抽象名词，dream，case，situation，point等），把where译成“在中/下/里”【考试重点】Annie:You know tha
24、t dream where I finally met Lady Gaga on the stage and sang with her?That was fantastic!Becky:I bet it was.定语从句的关系副词5.3 where练习：Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.【山东高考】a.where b.that c.when d.which【a】定语从句的关系副词关系词练习集锦关系词练习集锦6I refuse to accept the blame fo
25、r something _ is named after his grandfather.a.who b.that c.as d.which 【2019全国】【b.】Children who are not active or _ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.a.what b.whose c.which d.that 【2019北京高考】【b.】-Can you believe I had to pay$30 for a haircut?-You should try the barbers _ I go.Its only$15.【
26、2019天津高考】a.as b.which c.where d.that 【c.】In China,the number of cities is increasing _ development is recognized across the world.【2019重庆高考】a.where b.which c.whose d.that 【c.】关系词练习集锦关系词练习集锦She brought with her friends,none of _ I had ever met before.a.them b.who c.whom d.these 【2019全国】【c.】Is this th
27、e reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?a.he explained b.what he explained c.how he explained d.why he explained 【上海高考】【a.】-Do you have anything to say for yourselves?-Yes,theres one point _ I must insist on.【江西高考】a.why b.which c.where d.how 【b.】关系词练习集锦关系词练习集锦The hours _ the child
28、ren spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationships with real-life people.a.when b.on which c.that d.in which 【2000年CET4】【c】Chans restaurant on Baker Street,_ used to be poorly run,is now a successful business.a.it b.which c.who d.where 【07浙江高考】【b】关系
29、词练习集锦关系词练习集锦限定性、非限定性定语从句限定性、非限定性定语从句7两者的区别：形式上：有无“，”逗号The food which wasnt in the fridge all went bad.The food,which wasnt in the fridge,all went bad.意义上：翻译的方法限定性、非限定性定语从句限定性、非限定性定语从句【注意】翻译的方法：限定性定语从句一般翻译成“的”非限定性定语从句往往另起一句来翻译限定性、非限定性定语从句限定性、非限定性定语从句分析比较The food which wasnt in the fridge all went bad
30、.没有放在冰箱里的食物都坏了。The food,which wasnt in the fridge,all went bad.食物都坏了，因为没有放在冰箱里。限定性、非限定性定语从句限定性、非限定性定语从句分析比较练习The cab drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road.知道那里堵车的计程车司机换了另一条道。The cab drivers,who knew about the traffic jam,took another road.计程车司机因为知道那里塞车了，他们都换了另一条道。限定性、非限定性定语从句限定性、非
31、限定性定语从句特殊关系代词特殊关系代词88.1 as可用于限定性和非限定性定语从句在非限定性定语从句中特殊关系代词8.1 as(1)as引导的非限定性定语从句可放在句首。as可先于先行词，出现在句首。先行词通常是整个主句。(大牌经纪人)As is so often pointed out,knowledge is two-edge weapon which can be equally for good or evil.特殊关系代词8.1 as(2)as引导的非限制定语从句可放在句中as的先行词依然是主句。which的先行词必须出现在其前面。Malanshan,asas/whichwhich
32、we all know,has only one industryHunan TV Station.众所周知，马栏山只有一个产业，即湖南卫视。(asas引导时)马栏山是个众所周知的地方，这里只有一个产业，即湖南卫视。(whichwhich引导时)特殊关系代词8.1 as(2)as引导的非限制定语从句可放在句中可以用which么？为什么？There is,as has been suggested,a growing trend towards Otaku which actually is not so good in the long run.特殊关系代词8.1 as(3)as引导的非限制定
33、语从句可以放在句末Which也可以这样。二者有何区别？当主句和从句在内容上一致时，通常用as；若从句的内容对主句的内容起反对、排斥、否定等作用时，则多用which。特殊关系代词8.1 as(3)as引导的非限制定语从句可以放在句末She has married again,as was expected.She has married again,which was unexpected.She is very careful,as her work shows.The young man cheated his friend of much money,which was disgracef
34、ul.特殊关系代词8.1 as在限定性定语从句中只能用在由such,the same,as修饰的先行词的后面。He is not such a man as would leave his work half done.He tried to make as few mistakes as he could avoid.【温馨提示】：如果few前没有as?意思？特殊关系代词8.2 thanthan在引导的定语从句中做主语和宾语先行词需有形容词的比较级修饰 The boy has eaten more food than is good for his health.Never give him
35、 more money than is necessary.特殊关系代词8.2 than如何理解：把比较级直接改成the，再把than改成that。再把比较级的含义加进去。The boy has eaten more food than is good for his health.(The boy has eaten the food that is good for his health.“more”表示超出健康需要的食物)Never give him more money than is necessary.(Never give him the money that is necess
36、ary.“more”表示超出他需要的钱)特殊关系代词8.2 than练习：翻译There are more demands than can be satisfied.需求难以满足。特殊关系代词8.3 butbut相当于thatnot。形式上是肯定，意义上是否定。but所指代的先行词往往会被一个否定词修饰。but可指代人和物 特殊关系代词8.3 but例句There are very few people in this club but he knows.=There are very few people in this club who he doesnt know.那家俱乐部里的人他几
37、乎都认识。练习：翻译没有人不会犯错。(there is)There is no man but errs.=There is no man who doesnt err.特殊关系代词介词介词+关系代词关系代词9什么时候不加？什么时候必须加？加什么介词？介词介词+关系代词关系代词独门秘籍三看：9.1看从句看从句中的动词The goals for which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.【CET6】温馨提示构成fight for短语介词介词+关系代词关系代词独门秘籍三看：9.1看从句看从句中的动词Wind
38、 power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the future.【上海高考】a.on which b.by which c.to which d.from which【c.】介词介词+关系代词关系代词独门秘籍三看：9.1看从句看从句中的形容词形容词跟介词构成固定搭配。He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.介词介词+关系代词关系代词独门秘籍三看：9.2看先行词介词与先行词构成固定搭配。The speed at whic
39、h an animal lives is determined by measuring the rate at which it uses oxygen.【CET4】【温馨提示】at the speed/rate，表示“以的速度/速率”。介词介词+关系代词关系代词独门秘籍三看：9.3 看句义【絶看】第三看，看整句话的意思。The foundation of happy life is our health,_ nothing makes sense.a.by which b.for which c.on which d.without which【d】介词介词+关系代词关系代词独门秘籍三看：
40、9.3 看句义【絶看】There are things you would love to hear but you will never hear it from person from whom you would like to hear it,but dont be deaf to hear it from the person who says it with heart.有些话你很想听到，然而却无法从你希望的那个人口中听到。但如果有其他人用心对你说出了那些话，不要对它充耳不闻。介词介词+关系代词关系代词Justin gave a well-bound book to me _ th
41、e price took my breath away.a.from which b.to which c.of which d.whose 【c】The book was written in 1946,_ the education system has witnessed great changes.【07年山东】a.when b.during which c.from then d.since when 【d】He was educated at the local high school,_ he went on to Beijing University.【07年江苏】a.afte
42、r which b.after that c.in which d.in that 【a】介词介词+关系关系代词代词练习练习By nine oclock,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma,_ appeared a rare rainbow soon.a.of which b.on which c.from which d.above which 【08福建】【d.】We have gathered nearly 1000,000 quilts,_ up to half have gone
43、to the flood-hit area.a.of which b.in which c.with which d.for which a.of which b.in which c.with which d.for which 【2019江西】【a.】介词介词+关系代词关系代词练习练习两种两种较为复杂的定语从句较为复杂的定语从句1010.1 带有插入语关系词+插入语+定语从句的主干插入语往往插入的是一些表示“个人主观观点”的“主谓结构”，譬如they think,he said,they believe,he claimed,they assumed等等。这些插入语不影响定语从句原来的结构
44、，并非构成定语从句的主谓语。所以在理解的时候可以先不看。三种较为复杂的定语从句三种较为复杂的定语从句10.1 带有插入语关系词+插入语+定语从句的主干Flying the KiteWhat we think is pulling us down is really taking us up.Sometimes the very things that we think are holding us down are the things that are helping us fly.That is what discipline is all about.三种较为复杂的定语从句三种较为复杂的
45、定语从句10.2 并列从句两个或两个以上的定语从句，由and，but，or等并列连词连接，共同修饰一个先行词。两种两种较为复杂的定语从句较为复杂的定语从句10.2 并列从句Great expense does not always equal better gift.I would much rather receive a gift that was unique or that I knew my friend had put some thought into rather than something that cost a fortune but that I didnt need or want.I would much rather receive something that made me laugh,made ne reminisce,or fit my personality than something that cost a lot but that I will just throw in my closet and forget about.两种两种较为复杂的定语从句较为复杂的定语从句