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1、高中定语从句详细讲解Tankertanker Design（一）定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词；关系词有关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 关系副词有when, where, why等。 关系词通常有下列三个作用： A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 该句中，who is
2、 shaking hands with my father 是定语从句，修饰先行词the man， “who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词the man，在定语从句中作主语。Tankertanker Design1who 指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、宾语。The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人必须在明晨7点到
3、大门口集合。Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。Tankertanker Design2whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可以省略。Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. The professor ( whom )
4、 you are waiting for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意： 关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 介词后面只能用whom，不用who.The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.The girl to whom you sent the flowers was my neighbour.Tankertanker Design3Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾
5、语，做宾语时常可省略。Football is a game which is liked by most boys. which在定语从句中充当主语，不可省The factory which makes computers is far away from here. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday. which在定语从句中充当宾
6、语，可以省去The film ( which ) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. Tankertanker Design4That 既指人又指物；指人相当于who （m）；指物相当于which.在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。Where is the man that / whom I saw this morning? The person that /whom you introduced to me is very kind. The season that / which comes after
7、 spring is summer. Yesterday I received a letter that / which came from Australia. The number of people that / who come to visit this city each year reaches one million. Tankertanker Design5Whose 的；可指人的，也可指物的，在定语从句中充当定语。I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. He has a friend
8、whose father is a doctor. I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in. 注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替 whose = the sth of whichThe classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?Do you like the b
9、ook the cover of which is yellow? Tankertanker Design（二）限制性定语从句中只用that 引导的情况：1当先行词是everything, anything, nothing (something 除外), all, none, few, little, some不定代词时，或前面有every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰。Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is im
10、possible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. There is little that I can do for you. He stayed in the library and looked up any information that they needed. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who，如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. All the guests that / who were invi
11、ted to her wedding were important people. Tankertanker Design限制性定语从句中只用that 引导的情况：2当先行词被序数词修饰时。The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。4当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。This is the very dictionary that I want to b
12、uy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. Tankertanker Design限制性定语从句中只用that 引导的情况：5当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shi
13、rt that fits me most? 6当先行词既指人又指物时。They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school .Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.Tankertanker Design（三）“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句中含有介词短语时，常常把介词提到从句前面；从句变成由“介词+关系代词”引出。The school (which / that) he once studied in is ve
14、ry famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow Ill bring here the magazine for which you asked.This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with ye
15、sterday. Well go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.Well go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.Tankertanker Design注意： 含有介词的固定动词短语一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。 如：look for, look after, take care of 等。This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for.
16、(正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误)The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误）Tankertanker Design注意：介词后的关系代词只能接whom, which, whose;不接who， that.The man with whom you talked just now is m
17、y neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误)The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正)The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)Tankertanker Design注意：“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, fe
18、w等代词或者数词。He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country lif
19、e. Tankertanker Design（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1. 定语从句的主干主谓（宾）结构完整，不缺主语或宾语；只缺少表示时间、地点、原因等的状语，用关系副词引导。2. 关系副词引导的定语从句可用“介词+关系代词”表示 when 关系副词 = where = 介词 + which whyTankertanker Design（四）关系副词引导的定语从句1 when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。 定语从句的主谓（宾）结构完整，不缺主语或宾语； 只缺少表示时间的状语。when = at/on/in/during.which I still remember the day wh
20、en I first came to this school. = on which The time when we got together finally arrived. October 1, 1949 was the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. = on which Do you remember the years when he lived in the countryside with his grandparents. = in which Tankertanker Design（四）关系副词引导的定
21、语从句2 where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。 定语从句的主干结构完整，不缺主语或宾（表）语； 只缺少表示地点的状语。where = at/in/from.whichShanghai is the city where I was born. = in whichThe house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. = in whichI visited the farm where a lot of cows were raised . = in whichIs this the place where they fo
22、ught the enemy? = in whichTankertanker Design（四）关系副词引导的定语从句3 why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。 why = for whichPlease tell me the reason why you missed the plane. The reason why he was punished is unknown to us. I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. Tankertanker Design关系代词与关系副词的选择主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用，即所担当
23、的成分。关系代词 who which that 充当主语、宾语关系副词 when where why 充当状语A. I know a place where we can have a picnic. 定语从句主谓宾完整，用关系副词 I know a place which / that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 从句缺少主语B. I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that /
24、 which we spent together. C. This is the reason why he was dismissed. This is the reason that / which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting. Tankertanker Design（五）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1. 限制性定语从句 形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：是不可缺少的，如果删除主句则表达不完整。译法上：译成“的”关系词：A作宾语时可省略 B可用that C可用who 代替whom2. 非限制性定语从句
25、形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。意义上：如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。关系词：A不可省略 B不用that C不可用who 代替whomTankertanker Design限制性定语从句举例：The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. China is a country which has a long history. In the street I saw a man who was from Africa. 非限制性定语从句举例 ：His mother,
26、 who loves him very much, is strict with him. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful. Last summer I visited the Peoples Great Hall, in which many important meetings are held every year. Tankertanker Design（七）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。He ma
27、rried her, as / which was natural. He is honest, as / which we can see. 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、之后，有“正如、正像”的含义。 which 引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。As is known to all, China is a developing country. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Zhang Hua has been to Paris more than ten times, which I dont believe.
28、Tankertanker Design（七）关系代词as和which 引导的定语从句3. 当先行词受such, the same 修饰时，关系词常用as。 Ive never heard such stories as he tells. He is not such a fool as he looks. This is the same dictionary as I lost last week. 注意：当先行词受the same 修饰时，也可用 that引导定语从句。She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. the same. that 指 同一件东西“She wore the same dress as her younger sister wore. the same. as 指 相同的，但不是同一件东西“