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1、定语从句（关系代词引导）定语从句(Attributive clause)概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子。(在句子中作定语)Tom is a smart boy.Tom is a boy who is smart.形容词作定语句子作定语,修饰boy,叫定语从句Tom is a boy who is smart.先行词关系词定语从句关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，whyRelatives(关系关系词词)Used for（指代）（指代）The clause（从句）（从句）从句缺从句缺_或或_从句缺少从句缺少_whichthatwhowho
2、mwhosewherewhenwhysth.sb./sth.sb.sb.sb./sth.a placetimereason主语宾语状语关系代词关系副词assb./sth.解题步骤和关键1.分析定语从句的句子成分2.从句缺少主语或宾语，则用关系代词3.从句缺少状语，则用关系副词判断缺不缺宾语或主语？This is the factory _ I used to work in.John is reading a book _ belongs to me.The village _ I visited yesterday is beautiful.that/whichwhich/that whic
3、hvi.+prep.缺少宾语缺少主语缺少宾语考点难点归纳1.that&which2.介词+关系代词3.whose的用法that1.that 与whichDo you have anything _ you dont understand?先行词是everything,nothing,anything,something,much,little,none等不定代词，引导定语从句用that。whichwhomHer bag,in _ she put all her money,has been lost.This is the boy with _ he talked.在介词后面，指事物用whic
4、h，指人用whom。Ive read all the books _ you lent me.先行词被any,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last 等修饰时,引导定语从句用that。thatThis is the best TV _ is made in China.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时，引导定语从句用that。that只用that的情况：1.先行词是everything,nothing,anything，something,much,little,none等不定代词2.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰3.先行词被any
5、,some,no,much,few,little,every,all,very,only,last 等修饰 4.先行词中既有人又有物5.who/which 等作先行词时 只用which的情况:1.在介词后面，指事物用which,指人用whom2.非限制定语从句中3.代指整件事，与 as区别whomto whom2.如何判断介词The old man _I am looking after is better.The old man _I am talking is better.3.whose 的使用The house _is broken is mine.A.whose windowB.th
6、e window of whichC.of which the window D.the window of whom 4.as 的使用The earth is round,_ we all know._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.as AsItwhichAsas/which1.It is useful to master a foreign language,_ is true.2._ everyone hoped,Mary has won the first pri
7、ze.which 一般在句中,而as可在句首、句中,具有“正如”之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的。课堂训练1.The science museum,_ we visited during a recent trip to Britain,is one of Londons tourist attractions.A.which B.what C.that D.where2.I will never forget the days _ we spent together.A.when B.that C.in which D.on which3.We dont believe the reason
8、 _ he explained at the meeting.A.why B.for which C.that D.in whichBCA4.The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party turned out to be a great success.A.in which B.for whichC.on which D.at which5.The CCTV Tower,_ base is used as a big electrical equipment shop,attracts countless travele
9、rs every day.A.where B.which C.whose D.its 6.My glasses,_ I could see nothing,fell to the ground and broke.A.which B.with which C.without which D.that高考链接1.(2013安徽高考)Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true.A.itB.thatC.whatD
10、.which【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:2012年莫言被授予诺贝尔文学奖,这使得中国人民多年以来的一个梦想实现了。本题考查非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面整句话的内容,关系代词which在从句中作主语,that不能引导非限制性定语从句。2.(2013湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those_ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意:幸福与成功通常降临于那些擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句,且
11、在从句中作主语,符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人,但是在从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。3.(2013重庆高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of_ are family members.A.themB.that C.which D.whom【解析】选D。考查定语从句。句意:约翰邀请了大约40人来参加他的婚礼,其中大多数都是他的家人。先行词为40 people,在定语从句中作of的宾语并指人,用关系代词whom,故选D;A项为代词,放入之后前后为两个完整的句子,两个完整句子不可仅用逗号隔开,需在两句中间加入连
12、词才对;B项that一般不放在介词后面;C项which指代物。4.(2013福建高考)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A.whose B.thatC.whoD.which【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:这本书通过那些生命受到影响的人的见证讲述了地震的故事。由句式结构可知those后为定语从句,先行词是those,空格处在从句中作lives的定语,故用关系词whose。5.(2013山东高考)There is no simple answer,_ i
13、s often the case in science.A.as B.that C.when D.where【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:没有一个简单的答案,这在科学领域里是常有的事。as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,代替前面的情况,意为“正如,正像”。6.(2012陕西高考)It is the third time that she has won the race,_ has surprised us all.A.that B.where C.which D.what【解析】选C。考查定语从句中关系词的选择。句意:这是她第三次赢得比赛了,这让我们大家都很惊讶。分析句子结构可知这
14、是一个非限制性定语从句,排除A项和D项(that不能引导非限制性定语从句;what只能引导名词性从句);又因为定语从句中缺主语,所以排除B项;C项which可引导非限制性定语从句,代表整个主句的内容,翻译为“这,这一点”。所以C项符合题意。7.(2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning,_ has been discovered,is happening in the first year of life,so parents should talk much to their children during that period.A.as B.it C.which D.this【解析】选A。考查定语从句。句意:正如已经发现的那样,大量的语言学习发生在出生后的第一年,所以在那一时期父母应该多和孩子交谈。根据句子结构可知,本题是考查引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词,在句中作主语,指代主句整个句子的内容。A项可引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如”;B项不能用于定语从句;C项虽然也能用于非限制性定语从句,但常常放在整个主句之后;D项也不能用于定语从句。