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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date“介词-+-关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词-+-关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点, 近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。在介词后作宾语的关系代词只有which 和whom。如先行词是物，引导词用which；如先行词是人，则引导词用whom。如：T
2、his is the ship by which I went to Shanghai. This is the student for whom I bought the book. 考点1 简单介词+关系代词 知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。（1）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词或介词搭配，构成动词短语。例如：Is thi
3、s the car for which you paid a high price? (pay for)In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help. (turn to sb for help)The man with whom you shook hands just now is our English teacher. (shake hands with sb)（2）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如：The two things abo
4、ut which Karl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about)The teacher of whom the students in our class are fond is Mr Wang, our English teacher. (be fond of)（3）根据定语从句所修饰的先行词确定介词，其先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方法、工具等的词，它们与介词之间有一定的联系。当“介词+关系代词”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语时，可分别用when, where, why
5、 替换。例如：I”ll never forget the day on which (=when) I joined the army.The factory in which (=where) his father works is far away from my hometown.I don”t know the reason for which (=why) he was late.（4）根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词不是由固定的动词短语构成的，这时，要根据句子所要表达的意思，选用不同的介词。例如：This is the pilot for who
6、m I bought a camera.This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.1. (2004全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 解析：关系代词whi
7、ch指代the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.故答案选A。 2. (2004全国卷) The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 解析：本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Years party was a great success.从句补
8、全为独立的句子是:My students acted in the play. 故答案选C。 3. (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语，介词with可以放在关系代词之前，identify.as.意为“把当作”，故答案选D。 考点2 复杂介词+关系代词 知识归纳： 用于
9、此结构的关系代词有which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。例如：We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden. Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided? 考点3 简单介词+关系代词+名词 知
10、识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。高考考例：(1995上海) In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _ time many people have gone home.A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which 解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。 考点4 the+ 名词+of+关系代词 知识归
11、纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。 高考考例：(2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 解析：答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+ 名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里the price of which指代the pr
12、ice of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。 考点5 表示部分的词语of关系代词 知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any, 数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter。高考考例：1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings,
13、_ stands nearly a hundred feet high.A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which解析：答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。2. (2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad.A. of which B
14、. which of C. of them D. of that 解析：答案为A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。 “介词 关系代词”引导的定语从句常见错误我们在学习定语从句时,常常会看到介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,即把从句中的某一介词或介词短语提到关系代词前.使用这类定语从句时,常常会出现五类错误.现在归纳如下：一、关系词的误用1. The person to who you should write is Mr Hall. (whom)2. I lost the book in that t
15、here are five color pictures. (which)3. The day on when we can send men into space has at last come. (which)4. He went back to the house in where he was born twenty years ago. (which)简析:当介词位于从句的句首时,介词后一般用关系代词whom(指人,如1不可为who所代替)或which(指物,如2.先行词即使为表示时间或地点的名词,介词后也不能用when或where,如3和4).不过,注意介词from有时根据句意的
16、需要,也可以接where.如:He hid himself behind the door, from where he saw the man take a photo of something on the desk.他躲在门后面,从那里他看见那个人拍摄了桌子上的什么东西一下.(指from behind the door从门后面,并非指from the door从门)二、拆开从句中极固定的动词搭配5. He was the boy after whom the woman had looked for many years. (whom the woman had looked after
17、 for many years)简析:若将定语从句中搭配极为固定的短语中的介词提前,其中的短语可能会失去它们本身的意义或可能使句子产生歧义,如look after, look for, depend on, go in for (迷恋)等短语.三、介词与定语从句所修饰的先行词搭配不当6. The farm in which we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be. (on) 7. She wanted to find the way with which she could make everyone live more happily.
18、 (in)简析:6. on the farm为习惯搭配,表示在农场;7. in与way搭配,表示用办法,以方式.四、介词与定语从句中的谓语部分搭配不当8. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person from whom she could turn for help. (to)9. This is the tree in which the boat was tied. (to)10. Can you find an object with which your toy is similar? (to)简析:8. turn to sb. for help表示向某人求助;9. tie与to连用,表示拴/系到上;10. similar与to搭配,表示与相似. 五、介词与句子的具体含义搭配不当11. I cant remember the age in which I won that prize. (at)12. That is the age at which people live in peace and happy. (in)简析:根据全句意义,11中的age作年岁解,应与at搭配;12中的age表示时期,时代,应与in搭配.-