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1、人称代词人称代词主格:主格:宾格:宾格:所有格:所有格:Imemyweusouryouyouyoursheherherhehimhisitititstheythemtheir名词名词1.可数名词可数名词单数单数is,复数复数are.Iam,youare.单数名词以元音开头用单数名词以元音开头用an.如:如:anegganhouranorangeanappleanEnglishboy 2.不可数名词用不可数名词用is如:如:bread,rice,water,juice,foodThereissomejuiceinthebottle.名词复数规则名词复数规则1一般情况下,直接加一般情况下,直接加-
2、s,如:如:book-books,bag-bags,cat-cats,bed-beds2以以s.x.ch.sh结尾,加结尾,加-es,如:如:bus-buses,box-boxes,brush-brushes,watch-watches3以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾,变结尾,变y为为i,再加再加-es,如:如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries4以以“f或或fe”结尾,变结尾,变f或或fe为为v,再加再加-es,如:如:knife-knives,leaf-leaves5不规则名词复数:不规则名词复数:man-men,woman-women,pol
3、iceman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-childrenfoot-feet,tooth-teeth,fish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese方位介词:方位介词:on,in,infrontof,between,nextto,near,beside,at,behind,atthebackof,under时间介词:时间介词:at某点某点:如:如:atsixoclock,atChristmas,atbreakfastatChineseNewYearon某
4、天某天:如:如:onMondayon15thJulyOnNationalDayonChineseNewYearsDayin一段时间一段时间:如:如:intheeveninginDecemberinwinterbe动词动词(1)基本形式基本形式:am/is/are过去式:过去式:am/is-wasare-were(2)肯定句和否定句肯定句和否定句Iam(not)fromLondon.Myeyesare(not)small.Myhairis(not)long.Itwas(not)Sundayyesterday.Theywere(not)herejustnow.Thewaterwas(not)cle
5、antwoyearsago.(3)一般疑问句:一般疑问句:AmIaChinese?Yes,youare.No,youarent.AretheyAmerican?Yes,theyare.No,theyarent.Isthecatfat?Yes,itis.No,itisnt.Wereyouathomelastweekend?Yes,Iwas.Wasitsunnyinthemorning?Yes,itwas.WerethechildrenhappylastChildrensDay?Yes,theywere.therebe结构结构(表示有表示有)肯定句:肯定句:ThereisaThereare一般疑问
6、句一般疑问句:Isthere?Yes,thereis./No,thereisnt.Arethere?Yes,thereare./No,therearent.否定句:否定句:ThereisntTherearent否定否定/疑问疑问,some变变any*就近原则:就近原则:Thereisapairofglassesonthedesk.Therearesomeglassesonthedesk.Thereisabookandtwopensonthedesk.Therearetwopensandabookonthedesk.现在进行时:现在进行时:通常用通常用“now,look,listen”形式:形式
7、:be+V-ingIam(not)doingmyhomework.You/We/Theyare(not)reading.He/She/Itis(not)eating.动词动词ing的形式的形式1).+ingwalkwalking2).尾巴尾巴e不发音,去不发音,去e加加ingcomecomingmake-makingtake-taking3).元音元音+辅音结尾的单词辅音结尾的单词单元(音)不发本声音,双写辅音加单元(音)不发本声音,双写辅音加ing。runrunningswimswimmingput-puttingstop-stoppingsit-sittingget-getting一般现在
8、时一般现在时:通常用通常用“usually,often,everyday,sometimes,always”表示常常经常发生的事情,也可表示现在的状态表示常常经常发生的事情,也可表示现在的状态。分两种情况:主语分两种情况:主语+be动词动词主语主语+动词动词1.主语主语+be动词动词肯定句:肯定句:SheisanEnglishgirl.否定句:否定句:Wearenotatschool.一般疑问句:一般疑问句:Isyourmotherateacher?Yes,sheis.AretheyfromtheUK?No,theyarent.一般现在时一般现在时:主语主语+动词动词肯定句:肯定句:Igoto
9、schoolonfooteveryday.Shegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.否定句否定句:WedontgotoschoolonSundays.Mymotherdoesntdohouseworkintheevening.一般疑问句一般疑问句:Doyoujumphigh?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.Doeshejumphigh?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.一般现在时中,主语是第三人称单数,动词要加一般现在时中,主语是第三人称单数,动词要加s。动词动词+s的变化规则的变化规则1一般情况下,直接加一般情况下,直接加-s,如:如:cook-cooks
10、,milk-milks2以以s.x.ch.sh.o结尾,加结尾,加-es,如:如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes3以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾,变结尾,变y为为i,再加再加-es,如:如:study-studies三单:单数的人名,地名,称呼名,和三单:单数的人名,地名,称呼名,和he,she,it.一般过去时:一般过去时:通常用通常用yesterday,ago,justnow,last肯定句:肯定句:Iwasastudentlastyear.Iwatchedcartoons.Shevisitedthezoo.否定句:否定句:
11、was/were+notdidnt+动词原形动词原形Thechildrenwerentgotoschoolyesterday.Theydidntgotothetheparkyesterday.Hedidntmakemodelshipslastweek.一般疑问句一般疑问句:was/were放句首放句首句首加句首加did,动词变原形,动词变原形Wereyouathomethismorning?Yes,Iwas.Didyoureadbookslastnight?Yes,Idid.Didshecleanthedeskjustnow?No,shedidnt.主语主语+be动词(动词(was/were)
12、主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式(+ed)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词+was/were+主语?主语?如:如:WherewasNancyyesterday?疑问词疑问词+did+主语主语+动词原形?动词原形?如:如:WhatdidJimdoyesterday?疑问词当主语时:疑问词当主语时:疑问词疑问词+was/were?如:如:Wherewereyoulastholiday?疑问词疑问词+动词过去式?动词过去式?如:如:Whowenttohomeyesterday?动词过去式变化规则:动词过去式变化规则:1一般在动词末尾加一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:如:pull-pulled,cook
13、-cooked2e不发音只加不发音只加d,如:,如:taste-tasted,make-maked3元音元音+辅音结尾的单词辅音结尾的单词单元(音)不发本声音,双写辅音加单元(音)不发本声音,双写辅音加-ed,如:如:stop-stopped4以以“辅音字母辅音字母+y”结尾的,变结尾的,变y为为i,再加,再加-ed,如:如:study-studied5不规则动词过去式:不规则动词过去式:am/is-was,are-were,do-did,see-saw,say-said,give-gave,get-got,go-went,come-came,have-had,eat-ate,take-too
14、k,run-ran,sing-sang,lose-lost,make-made,write-wrote,draw-drew,drink-drank,fly-flew,ride-rode,speak-spoke,sweep-swept,swim-swam,sit-sat,put-put,read-read等等动词过去式中动词过去式中ed的发音:的发音:清辅音后读作清辅音后读作/t/.浊辅音后读作浊辅音后读作/d/./t/,/d/后面读后面读/id/.发音时声带不震动、送气的叫清辅音发音时声带不震动、送气的叫清辅音如:如:p,t,k,f,s,t,ts,tr发音时声带震动、不送气的叫浊辅音发音时声带
15、震动、不送气的叫浊辅音b,d,g,v,z,d,dz,drbegoingto=will(将将)表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。1.肯定句:肯定句:begoingto+动词原形,动词原形,如:如:Jimisgoingtoplayfootball.2.否定句:否定句:benotgoingto+动词原形,动词原形,如:如:Jimisnotgoingtoplayfootball.3.一般疑问句:一般疑问句:把把be动词调到句首,动词调到句首,如:如:IsJimgoingtoplayfootball?4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问句:疑问词疑问词+be
16、+主语主语+goingto+动词原形?动词原形?如:如:WhatisJimgoingtodo?5.疑问词当主语时:疑问词当主语时:疑问词疑问词+be+goingto+动词原形?动词原形?如:如:Whoisgoingtoplayfootball?(情态情态)动词动词can,could,must,should,may后面直接用动词原形。后面直接用动词原形。如:如:I/He/She/Theycansing.Youshouldkeepquietinthelibrary.to+Vwantto+Vuse/reuseto+Vwouldlike(想要)(想要)+to+Vlike(喜欢)(喜欢)+VingNo+Ving特殊疑问词:特殊疑问词:where:哪里:哪里what:什么:什么whatcolour:问颜色:问颜色whattime:问时间点:问时间点(回答用回答用At.)whatsubject:什么学科:什么学科when:问时间:问时间(回答用回答用At.On.等等)who:谁:谁whose:谁的:谁的why:为什么为什么(回答用回答用Because,问原因,问原因)how:怎么样:怎么样(回答状况回答状况)howmany:多少数量:多少数量howmuch:多少钱价格:多少钱价格howold:多大多大(问年龄问年龄)