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1、语法复习课语法复习课（Revision of the Passive Voice)1 单词接力赛单词接力赛 2任务 复习重点复习重点:A.熟记结构熟记结构B.明确用法明确用法难点难点C.熟练转换熟练转换难点难点D.注意特例注意特例了解了解*E.注意区别注意区别了解了解*F.相关句型相关句型31.被动语态的结构为被动语态的结构为“助动词助动词be及物动词及物动词 的过去的过去分词（分词（pp）”。(不及物动词或不及物短语动词不可用于被动语态不及物动词或不及物短语动词不可用于被动语态 这类动词有：这类动词有：happen（发生）（发生）,take place（发生）（发生）,break out（爆
2、发）（爆发）,die（死亡）（死亡）,become（成为）（成为）,appear（出现）（出现）,disappear（消失）（消失）,last（持续）（持续）,set out（出发）等。（出发）等。)A.熟记结构熟记结构口诀口诀:被动语态被动语态be字变字变,过去分词跟后面过去分词跟后面.Be动词的五种变化形式：原 形 be现在时 am,is,are 过去时 was,were现在分词 being过去分词 been42.各种时态结构各种时态结构被动语态的不同时态是通过被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化的时态变化来表示的，其人来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：称和数方面应
3、与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：一般现在时：am/is/are done一般过去时：一般过去时：was/were done现在进行时：现在进行时：am/is/are being done过去进行时：过去进行时：was/were being done现在完成时：现在完成时：have/has been done过去完成时：过去完成时：had been done一般将来时：一般将来时：shall/will be done;be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 can/must/have tobe done He said t
4、he factory had been opened.他说这家工厂已经开张。他说这家工厂已经开张。The pen has been used for several years.这支钢笔已经用了几年。这支钢笔已经用了几年。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。The work will be finished in three hours.工作将于三小时后完成。工作将于三小时后完成。The baby must be looked after well.这孩
5、子必须被好好照顾。这孩子必须被好好照顾。This book was written in 1969.这本书是这本书是1969年写成的。年写成的。The broken bike is being repaired now.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。He is regarded as a brilliant.他被认为很有才气。他被认为很有才气。53.例如：例如：Chinese _ by the largest number of people Aspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken The boy _ to get supper
6、ready after school last night Awere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of China Amust Bmust be CHas Dhave（选（选D。考查一般现在时的被动语态）。考查一般现在时的被动语态）（选（选C。考查一般过去时的被动语态）。考查一般过去时的被动语态）（选（选B。考查含情态动词的被动语态。考查含情态动词的被动语态)6B明确用法明确用法 被动语态常用于以下两种情况：被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1 1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必
7、要指出谁是动作不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；的执行者；2 2强调动作的承受者。例如：强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩砍断的。这棵树是那个男孩砍断的。The tree _ _ by that boy 歌歌诀诀：谁谁做的做的动动作不知道，作不知道，说说出出谁谁做的做的没没有必要；有必要；动动作承受者需强作承受者需强调调，被，被动语态动语态运运用到。用到。was cut7主动句主动句The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.被动句被动句The window was broken by the naughty boy ye
8、sterday.主语谓语主语状语宾语谓语状语介宾123步骤二步骤一步骤三原宾变主主格变。原宾变主主格变。被动语态被动语态be字变字变,过去分词跟后面过去分词跟后面.谓语动词谓语动词break改为被动形式：改为被动形式：be+过去分词。过去分词。原主变宾原主变宾by后见后见（有时（有时by短语可以省略）。短语可以省略）。C熟练转换熟练转换8教你一招教你一招宾变主，宾变主，主变宾，主变宾，by短语后面跟。短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，谓语动词变被动，be后后“过分过分”来使用来使用9常见语态转换常见语态转换（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。（一）一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。引入练习引入练
9、习1。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态1.Lucy bought some fruit.Some fruit _ _ _ Lucy.2.Uncle Wang waters the flowers every day.The flowers _ _ _ Uncle Wang every day.3.Did they build the bridge in 1998?_ the bridge _ in 1998?4.When did Lu Xun write these books?When _these books _ _ Lu Xun?5.The farmers do
10、nt grow apples on the farm.Apples _ _ on the farm.6.They didnt clean the classroom yesterday.The classroom _ _ yesterday.小结：小结：1、被动语态的转换，在、被动语态的转换，在be+过去分词中，确定过去分词中，确定_ 是关键，是关键，_永不永不变。变。2、Be的时态由的时态由_确定；确定；be的单的单/复数由复数由_确定。确定。3、问句提前、问句提前_;否定否定_后加后加not.was bought by are watered byWasbuiltwere written
11、by arent grownwasnt cleanedbe 形形过去分词过去分词主动时态主动时态 被动主语被动主语be动词动词be10(二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。二）一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态。引入练习引入练习2。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。1.You can do the work all by yourself.The work _ _ _ all by yourself.2.We must plant more trees.More trees _ _ _.3.We should dig a large hole.A large hole _
12、 _ _.4.Can we put our bikes here?_ our bikes _ _ here?5.You mustnt throw rubbish here.Rubbish _ _ _ here.6.We cant see many stars.Many stars _ _ _.小结：小结：1.含情态动词的被动结构：含情态动词的被动结构：_ .2.疑问句提前疑问句提前_;否定句：否定句：_+not.can be donemust be plantedshould be dugCanbe putmustnt be thrown cant be seen 情态动词情态动词+be(永远
13、是原形)+过去分词过去分词情态动词情态动词情态动词情态动词11D注意特例注意特例 将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：特殊情况：1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语将间接宾语(sb)变为主语，直接变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；宾语保持不变；将直接宾语将直接宾语(sth)变为主语，间变为主语，间接宾语用介词接宾语用介词to或或for引导。引导。12提示提示(必背必背)a.把直接宾语把直接宾语(sth)变为主语后，间接宾语变为主语后，间接宾语(sb)前通常要加上介词前通常要加上介词to的有：的有：w
14、rite,pass,give,lend,sell,show,hand等。等。b.把直接宾语把直接宾语(sth)变为主语后，间接宾语变为主语后，间接宾语(sb)前通常要加上介词前通常要加上介词for的有：有的有：有make,buy,find,draw等。等。13练习练习例：例：1.Her mother gave her a new pen1.Her mother gave her a new pen A new pen _ _ _ her by her motherA new pen _ _ _ her by her mother 2.2.She She wrotewrote us a lett
15、er.us a letter.3.She 3.She mademade her son a pair of new shoes.her son a pair of new shoes.4.He 4.He foundfound Jim a seat.Jim a seat.5.He bought me a computer.5.He bought me a computer.A letter was writtento us.was given toA pair of new shoes was made for her son by her.A seat was found for Jim.A
16、computer was bought for me.142短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：This dictionary mustnt _ from the library Atake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（变被动语态）（变被动语态）The children will _ _ _ _
17、 _（by her）be taken good care of15动词短语的被动语态。动词短语的被动语态。改正下列转换中的错误：改正下列转换中的错误：1.People often talk about the film.误：误：The film is often talked.正：正：2.Lily looked after the baby.误：误：The baby was looked by Lily.正：正：3.We shouldnt give up the work.误：误：The work shouldnt be given.正：正：4.We cant work out the pro
18、blem.误：误：The problem cant be worked.正：正：The film is often talked about.The baby was looked after by Lily.The work shouldnt be given up.The problem cant be worked out.练习4165.We must take good care of young trees.误：误：Young trees must be taken good care.正：正：6.We must write to him.误：误：He must be written
19、.正：正：小结：动词短语在转换成被动语态时，小结：动词短语在转换成被动语态时，不能丢掉其中的不能丢掉其中的_。Young trees must be taken good care of.He must be written to.介词或副词介词或副词 173含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：成为主语补足语。注意：省略省略to的不定式作宾的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号补时，不定式符号to必须补上必须补上。例如：。例如：Someone saw him sw
20、im in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动语态）（变被动语态）He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday 4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为为“to be 过去分词过去分词”。例如：。例如：The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our city Abe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt C was seen to18请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。请将下列主动语态变成被动语态。引入练习引入练习5。1.The
21、farmer made the horses work the whole day.The horses_ _ _ _ the whole day.2.Mum asks the twins not to swim in the lake.The twins _ _ _ _ _ in the lake.3.I saw a mouse run into the room.A mouse _ _ _ _ into the room.4.I often hear him sing English songs.He _ often _ _ _ English songs.5.I saw Lucy pla
22、ying in the park just now.Lucy _ _ _ in the park just now.6.They watched the children sing that morning.The children _ _ _ _ that morning.小结小结:1.主动语态中省略主动语态中省略to的宾补在被动中应的宾补在被动中应_.如以如以上上 _题题.2.其它形式的宾补在被动中其它形式的宾补在被动中_.如以上如以上_题。题。were made to workare asked not to swim was seen to runisheard to singwas
23、seen playingwere watched to sing补上补上to1、3、4、6不变不变2、519了解了解*5以疑问代词开头以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：然放在句子开头。例如：Who has broken the cup？By whom has the cup been broken？20了解了解*6有的动词的主动形式可有的动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义以表示被动意义1）感官动词(taste;feel;smell;sound
24、;look)用主动形式表示被动。How sweet the music sounds!Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.2）write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义。尤其是有副词 well,easily时。The book sells well.(这本书销路很好。)The door will not open.(这扇门就是打不开。)This dress washes better.(这衣服较好洗。)The sign reads as fo
25、llows.(这牌子告示如下。)21了解了解*E注意区别注意区别 被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken窗子破了。（系表结构）窗子破了。（系表结构）The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）（被动语态）2
26、）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：修饰。试比较：He was very interested in science他对科学有他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）极大兴趣。（系表结构）I was so much surprised at the scene that I didnt know what to do我被那种场面搞得大吃我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊
27、，不知所措。（被动语态）一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）22了解了解*F相关句型相关句型 初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with被被覆盖覆盖 2be made of由由制作（发生物理变化）制作（发生物理变化）be made from由由制作（发生化学变化）制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造被（某人）制造 3be used for被用来被用来 be used as被当作（作为）被当作（作为）来使用来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事被用来做某事 4It
28、 is said that据说据说 It is hoped that希望希望 It is well known that众所周知众所周知23例如：例如：Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton？YesIts _ Shanghai Amade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wet Afor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。据说在南京长江
29、上又在建一座桥。_ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in NanjingBAIt is saidanotherbuiltbridge241.到了初三随着英语单词量的不断增加，难度到了初三随着英语单词量的不断增加，难度的不断提高，有些学生对英语渐渐失去了学习的不断提高，有些学生对英语渐渐失去了学习的兴趣。以四人小组为单位用被动语态列举学的兴趣。以四人小组为单位用被动语态列举学习英语的重要性，让他们好好学习。然后派代习英语的重要性，让他们好好学习。然后派代表说出讨论结果。并用被动语态写出一篇有知表说出讨论结果。并用被动语态写出一篇
30、有知英语的重要性的作文英语的重要性的作文.下面是一组学生的汇报：下面是一组学生的汇报：English is used as an international language.English is the most widely spoken.English is widely used for business.Half the worlds telephone calls are made in English.252把下列句子变为被动句:1.They asked me to come a little later.I _ _ to come a little later.2.Women
31、often talk about food and clothes.Food and clothes _ often _ about by women.3.Do they make this kind of truck in Nanjing?_this kind of truck _ in Nanjing?4.We must clean our teeth twice a day.Our teeth must _ _ twice a day.5.Can I answer this question in simple English?_this question _ _ in simple E
32、nglish?6.You may clean the room after work.The room may _ _ after work.7.We use brooms for sweeping the floor.Brooms_ _for sweeping the floor.8.They built quite a few tall buildings in their hometown last year.Quite a few tall buildings _ _ in their hometown last year.9.You must not put the bike the
33、re.The bike _ _ _there.10.Can you see the stars in the daytime?Can the stars _ _in the daytime?26be3.Fill in the missing words according to the passage.Several days ago a large tiger escaped from the zoo because it(1)_fed well.One morning the tiger was seen(2)_run into a small forest near the city(3
34、)_Some people.The people(4)_the police about it at once.They said that the tiger was very strong,but the animals around it(5)_not hit.The police warned people not to go out during the night.Tom was made not（6）_ go to school that day.The police(7)_ asked to find out the tiger quickly and kill it.But
35、the police said the tiger should(8)_ protected and well looked after if it was found out.In the evening a big net was put around the Forest by the police.Some sheep(9)_tied to the trees behind the net.When the sheep were heard(10)_ bleat,the hungry tiger ran out to catch them.At last the tiger was c
36、aught and it was(11)_back to the zoo.Now the tiger(12)_ taken good care(13)_.It must(14)_given the most food because it is the largest.wasnttobytoldweretowerebeweretotakenisofbe27在下列情况下要使用被动语态：在下列情况下要使用被动语态：1.行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。如：如：Football is played all over the wor
37、ld.2.不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如：不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。如：我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。3.汉语中含有汉语中含有“据说、据悉、有人说、大家说据说、据悉、有人说、大家说”等时。如：等时。如：据说，有一天他爬到一所房子的顶上，往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。据说，有一天他爬到一所房子的顶上，往烟囱下面扔了一些钱。4.汉语中含有汉语中含有“被、由被、由”等词时。如：等词时。如：魏华是被林涛叫来的。魏华是被林涛叫来的。It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and dropped some
38、 money down a chimney.Wei Hua is asked to come by Lin Tao.My bike was stolen.285.汉语中没有汉语中没有“被、由被、由”等词，而在原句中试加这类词且句等词，而在原句中试加这类词且句意通顺时。如：意通顺时。如：这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。（在这些歌曲通常是男生唱的。（在“是是”后面可以加上后面可以加上“由由”）6.某些句子习惯上某些句子习惯上用被动语态。如：用被动语态。如：He was born in October，1989.7.表示礼貌时。如：表示礼貌时。如：敬请您明天晚上敬请您明天晚上8：00光临我们的英语晚会。光临
39、我们的英语晚会。These songs are usually sung by boys.You are friendly invited to come to our English party at 8：00 p.m.tomorrow.29在以下在以下10种情况下均不能使用被动语态：种情况下均不能使用被动语态：1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如：不及物动词不能用于被动语态。如：正：正：误：误：The story was happened in London.2.表示状态的动词，如表示状态的动词，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被动语态。如
40、：等往往不能用于被动语态。如：正：正：误：误：He is fitted very well by the shirt.3.某些某些“不及物动词介词不及物动词介词”构成的短语动词，如构成的短语动词，如listen to，walk into，fall off等，往往不使用被动语态。等，往往不使用被动语态。如：如：正：正：误：误：The room was walked into by him.4.祈使句一般没有被动语态。如：祈使句一般没有被动语态。如：正：正：误：误：The blackboard is looked at by you.5.宾语和主语所指的对象相同时不能用于被动语态。宾语和主语所指的
41、对象相同时不能用于被动语态。如：如：正：正：误：误：Each other must be helped by us.The story happened in London.The shirt fits him very well.He walked into the room.Look at the blackboard，please.We must help each other.30 6.某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。某些及物动词的宾语表示处所、地点、组织时不能用于被动语态。如：正：如：正：误：误：The League was joined by him in
42、 1998.7.动词不定式或动词动词不定式或动词-ing形式作宾语时不能用于被动语态。如：形式作宾语时不能用于被动语态。如：正：正：误：误：To watch TV is liked by them.正：正：误：误：Listening to the radio is enjoyed by him.8.主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度的单词或短语作宾语时主动句中有表示数量、长度、大小或程度的单词或短语作宾语时往往不使用被动语态。如：往往不使用被动语态。如：正：正：误：误：Three yuan is paid for these tomatoes by her.9.由由“动词名词动词名词”构成的
43、英语习语（如构成的英语习语（如make faces，make friends，take place等）一般不可改为被动语态。如：等）一般不可改为被动语态。如：正：正：误：误：Faces are made by the boy in class.10.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。如：反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。如：正：正：误：误：Yourself must be looked after.He joined the League in 1998.They like to watch TV.He enjoys listening to the radio.She pays three yuan for the tomatoes.The boy make faces in class.You must look after yourself.3132