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1、墙角数枝墙角数枝槑槑（梅），凌寒独自开，（梅），凌寒独自开，遥赞它是雪，遥赞它是雪，只能说你只能说你呆呆。If If you come across new you come across new words when reading,words when reading,What will you do What will you do?Ignore them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryChina will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21,a
2、scientist Wang said on Saturday.The total eclipse will last up to six minutes,and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814 to 2309,”he said.Guess the meaning 2013年江苏高考考试说明中关于阅读理解年江苏高考考试说明中关于阅读理解的要求的要求 要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志及各类章、公
3、告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志及各类媒体中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问媒体中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答相关问题。考生应能：题。考生应能：、理解语篇主旨要义；、理解语篇主旨要义；、理解文中具体信息；、理解文中具体信息；、根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；、根据上下文提供的线索推测生词的词义；、根据文中事实和线索作出简单判断和推理、根据文中事实和线索作出简单判断和推理、理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系；、理解文章的宏观结构和文脉逻辑关系；、理解作者的观点、意图和态度、理解作者的观点、意图和态度。7、提炼文章提纲、概括主要内容、理解关键信、提炼文章提纲、概括主要内容、理解关键信 息息抓
4、主旨抓主旨明细节明细节猜词义猜词义做推断做推断猜测词义猜测词义 读懂文章读懂文章-高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）高三英语阅读指导（阅读篇）对考纲外生词的猜测对考纲外生词的猜测Many United Nations employees are Many United Nations employees are polyglotspolyglots:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.fluently.“polyglot”most probably“poly
5、glot”most probably means means“_.”“_.”对考纲内熟词新义的猜测对考纲内熟词新义的猜测I had first known she was wrong that her I had first known she was wrong that her anxiety had anxiety had cloudedclouded her judgment.her judgment.“cloud”“cloud”means“_.”means“_.”The countrys farmers are getting older,and there are fewer pe
6、ople standing in line to take their place.National agricultural census(普普查查)figures show that the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65.Merrigan is afraid the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completedThe 21-year-old Best hopes his message-that this is a ne
7、w time in agriculture-will motivate the next generation to turn around the statistics.对句义的猜测对句义的猜测62.What do the underlined words to turn around the statistics in the last paragraph mean?A.To re-analyze the result of the national census.B.To increase agricultural production.C.To bring down the avera
8、ge age of farmers.D.To invest more in agriculture.farmers are getting older the fastest-growing group of farmers is the part over 65.the average age will be even higher when the 2012 statistics are completed 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.The word“”refers to/probably means /could best be replaced by _
9、.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.What do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.语境法语境法Contextclues 猜测词意构词法构词法Word formationWord Formation 构词法构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，
10、可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超超)mini-(极小的极小的,微小的微小的)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的）re-（再，反复）（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）（误，恶）im-（不）（不）un-（不，非）（不，非）in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非）-able（能（能的的）-
11、less（不，无）（不，无）-wards(向向)superman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronounce(非自然的非自然的)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的无家可归的)rebuild eastwards(重建重建)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向东向东)Mary,of course you are overweight.You eat too much junk food.Even worse,you excercise infrequently.“Even
12、when a man is said to be a best friend,”Rubin writes,“the two share little about their innermost feelings.”罕见的，罕见的，不常发生的不常发生的内心深处的内心深处的 With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.unc
13、onditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的1.When he reached the place with his army,1.When he reached the place with his army,he found an he found an impassableimpassable river in front of him.river in front of him.2.2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity.Sharp words from a teacher can usu
14、ally bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.3.When men and women lived by hunting 3.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago,how could they even 50,000 years ago,how could they even begin to begin to picturepicture modern life?modern life?Word-formation（合成形容词）（合成形容词）（词性变化）（词性变化）（复合法，
15、转化法，派生法）（复合法，转化法，派生法）（词的派生）（词的派生）不能通行的不能通行的描绘，想象描绘，想象务实的务实的语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义?Logical relationsEx1.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.His uncle is a zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a
16、 year.We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.木匠木匠 动物学家动物学家 牧人牧人 夜班夜班语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或定义或释义关系常由定语从句或is,be called，be known as,be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示等词汇或破折号来表示；或由或由that is(to say),in other words，to put it another way引出引出 一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词小小 结结Ex.2 The new
17、tax law supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as plump as mother,and much shorter.替代替代丰满的丰满的Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains grubby.John usually wastes a lot of money on such
18、useless things,his wife,however,is very thrifty.污秽的污秽的节约的节约的 In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are innate.混乱混乱 天生的天生的语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 由由and或或or，like,as as,the same
19、as等连接的两个词构成同义等连接的两个词构成同义关系；关系；表转折关系的词常有表转折关系的词常有如如but,while,however,instead of,rather than,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，on the contrary等。等。小小 结结v“Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.”vThe underlined word roughly means _.vA.encouraged B.co
20、mparedvC.examined D.developedEx3.Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.弹性的弹性的 混浊的混浊的 Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,I bought a
21、replica.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.复制品复制品 精明的精明的 修剪修剪语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 常用关联词常用关联词(如如becausebecause，asas，sincesince，forfor，soso，thusthus，as
22、a resultas a result，so,so so,so that,such that,such that that thereforetherefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。小小 结结vv The homeless people may have become jobless and then been unable to pay their rent and so no longer have a roof over their heads.vv In paragraph 2,“a roof over their heads”most probably means _.v
23、vA.a cap B.a car vvC.a home D.a coveringEx.4Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.On the farm they mainly raise poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.家禽家禽装置装置The new couple bought a lot of household appliances,such as washing ma
24、chine,fridge and microwave oven ect.Difined most broadly,folklore includes all the customes,belief and tradition that people have handed dowm from generation to generation.家电家电民俗民俗语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 常用常用such as,like，for example,for instance等引出例等引出例子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳子，可根据例子隶属的类别归纳出总称词即词义出总称词即词义。小小 结结对考纲外生词的猜
25、测对考纲外生词的猜测Many United Nations employees are polyglots:Mr.Jim,for example,speaks five languages fluently.“polyglot”most probably means“_.”通晓多种语言的通晓多种语言的EX.5 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to
26、 feel pain or to know what is happening to him.When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water.Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.麻药麻药波纹波纹膨胀膨胀冷缩冷缩 One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.Because
27、 this chemical liquid is highly volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.In the strong wind,the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.症状症状易挥发的易挥发的 颤抖颤抖语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 小小 结结根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将生词推测出来。己已有的常识将生词推测出来。因此平时因此平时多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，多了解英美国家的风俗习惯，宗教信仰，社会
28、生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，社会生活等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。遇到生词，猜测词义的能力自然就提高了。China will see the longest solar eclipse in 500 years on July 21,a scientist Wang said on Saturday.The total eclipse will last up to six minutes,and it is the longest eclipse that can be seen in China in almost years from 1814
29、 to 2309,”he said.v Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.vvThe phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.vvA.cleaning up B.taking in vvC.wiping out D.giving outEX.6 What does“in the public eye”mean?A.公众熟悉的公众熟悉的,出名的出名的Ti
30、ps:in public在公众场合在公众场合 the public大众大众 eye眼睛眼睛GuessB.在群众的眼里在群众的眼里 C.公开的公开的 D.令人眼热的令人眼热的Mr Zhang often appears Mr Zhang often appears in public.But he is not famoushe is not But he is not famoushe is not in the public eyein the public eye.Jane is usually prompt.Alate Bon time Cpleased Jane is usually
31、prompt for her classesJane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class.adj.敏捷的敏捷的,迅速的迅速的,即时的即时的adv.准时地准时地语语境境法法猜猜测测词词义义 小小 结结所谓所谓“词不离句，句不离章词不离句，句不离章“讲的就是对讲的就是对于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情于词语或句子的正确理解依赖于一定的情景。猜测生词义或句意时，景。猜测生词义或句意时，一定要认真一定要认真读懂与生词密切相关的前后句子，进行合读懂与生词密切相关的
32、前后句子，进行合情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴情合理的推测，排除肤浅的表义，选择蕴含在其中的深意。含在其中的深意。The ashes of the Great Wall are falling down。I think the Great wall is now like an 80 years old man.In some places it is still standing,but really unless there is some good medicine,most of it wont be standing in the next fifty or one hundr
33、ed years.A.If people dont take medicine,the Great Wall will fall down.B.The Great Wall is like an 80 year-old man,who needs medical care.C.We must take some measures to protect the Great Wall,or most of the Great Wall will break down in 50 or 100 yearsD.The Great Wall is falling down,and it will dis
34、appear in the future.对句义的猜测对句义的猜测The biggest finding in brain research in the last ten years is that the brain at any age is highly plastic.If you ask your brain to learn,it will learn.By saying“the brain at any age is highly plastic”,the writer means the brain can be _.A.used B.mastered C.developed
35、 D.researched But its a two-way street.I just heard about a thousand Shenzhen office workers who have gone to Bangalore to train in software.Meanwhile,all the Indian IT majors are setting up a strong presence in China.What does the writer mean by“its a two way street”?What does the writer mean by“it
36、s a two way street”?A.China and India have different traffic rules.B.Tea trade works wanders in both India and ChinaC.Chinese products are popular in both China and IndiaD.The exchanges between India and China benefit bothD Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)1.There are some glaciers moving d
37、own the mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山雪山 B.树枝树枝 C.冰河冰河 D.冰冰 2.He is a resolute man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clever 小试身手3.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to r
38、ent a room near the office where he works.A.租用租用 B.借出借出 C.购买购买 D.参观参观 4.The official asked the man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest5.The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her a
39、n eccentric lady.A.爱猫的爱猫的 B.古怪的古怪的 C.闲不住闲不住 D.动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6.In many countries there are two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士便士 B.温饱温饱 C.非常贫困非常贫困 D.虚弱虚弱 7.Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A.活泼的活泼的 B.好动的好动的 C.多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的 D.可爱的可爱的 8.Those new comers were
40、 not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.countryside D.house 9.This boy is not stupid,on the contrary,no one could be more intelligent.A.勤奋的勤奋的 B.愚蠢的愚蠢的 C.聪明的聪明的 D.情报情报10.Children are always boasting.They say things like “My Dads car is
41、 bigger than your Dads,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money than yours.”The word“boasting”means _.A.骄傲骄傲 B.吹牛吹牛 C.顽皮顽皮 D.幼稚幼稚 Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动探究活动 (2)(2)Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarct
42、ic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas.Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks,born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word“o
43、btain”probably mean?A.eat B.get C.sell D.buyBPassage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors,relatives,and fellow tribesmen.If they are honored,he is also honored.If they are disgraced,he too is disgraced.Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family,his linea
44、ge(宗系宗系),and his tribe.The word“disgrace”means _ in this text.A.honor B.endanger C.proud D.shame DPassage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished.A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院)opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler should leave
45、the country for ever.The underlined word“banished”mean_.A.killed by stoning B.sent away C.imprisoned D.punished by whipping BPassage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a broomstick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,wi
46、th no food breaks.It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could.What does the underlined word“tedious”probably mean?A.interesting B.tiresome C.rel
47、axing D.challengingBPassage 5 Although he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future.The word“jeopardize”means _ in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.stopBPassage 6
48、After a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager,I left the company at the height of my career.Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income.And they asked why I would risk everything
49、 for a dream.The underlined word“astounded”means _.A.very sad B.very sorry C.very pleased D.greatly surprised D举例举例归纳归纳生活生活常识常识上下上下推断推断对比对比转折转折因果因果关系关系同义同义同位同位定义定义解释解释猜猜How to guess the meaning of words?Unfamiliar word is to English reading what setback is to our life.You can choose to ignore it or
50、turn to others for help,but most of time you Will have to overcome it on your own.No matter what difficulty you come across in your life,remember that as long as you dont lose heart,you are sure to find a way out.Reading makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.Homework1.Go o