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1、 一、陈述语气陈述语气 (The Indicative Mood)用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。如：用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。如：1.My father and I drove over to the village to see Mr Wu.2.People dont hibernate.3.What a strange-looking person(he is)!4.Are you joking?二、祈使语气祈使语气 (The Imperative Mood)用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。如：如：1.Sit down,pleas
2、e.2.Dont say it in Chinese.Say it in English,please.3.Let me have a try.4.Let him go.第1页/共61页 三、虚拟语气虚拟语气(The Subjunctive Mood)表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。式的书面语中。该语法主要用于该语法主要用于if条件状语从句条件状语从句。也可用于。也可用于主语从句主语从句、表语从句表语从句、宾语从句宾语从句
3、等。等。通常有三种情况：通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。与过去事实相反。（过去虚拟）（过去虚拟）与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反。（现在虚拟）（现在虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟）与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟）“后退一步法”与过去事实相反，在从句中用过与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。去完成时形式表示。与现在事实相反，用一般过去与现在事实相反，用一般过去时形式表示。时形式表示。与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形式表示。形式表示。第2页/共61页1)If I were you,I shouldnt do that.2)We would go wi
4、th you if we had time.3)We could ask him if he were here.4)If I knew his telephone number,I would ring him up.条件从句主句did（be动词一般用动词一般用were）would(should,could,might)+doI.虚拟语气在主从复合句中的用法 1.表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：第3页/共61页1)If he had seen you yesterday,he would have asked you about it.2)If you had come earl
5、ier,you would(might)have met him.3)I would have called you if I had known your phone number.条件从句条件从句主句主句had+donewould(might/could/should)+have done2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要 形式如下形式如下第4页/共61页1)If it should rain,the crops would be saved.2)If it were to snow tomorrow,they would not go out.3)I
6、f it rained tomorrow,we would not go out.条件从句主句didshould dowere to doWould(could/might/should)+do3.表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下：第5页/共61页Note:省略连词if。在书面语中，如果虚拟条件句中有were,had或should，可以if把省略而把这几个词放到主语之前构成主谓倒装：例如：1.Should he come(If he should come),tell him to ring me up.2.Were I you(I
7、f I were you),I would not do it.3.Had he been more careful(If he had been more careful),such mistakes could have been avoided.第6页/共61页1.Ifshehadworkedharder,she_.(1986)A.wouldsucceedB.hadsucceededC.shouldsucceedD.wouldhavesucceeded第7页/共61页3.Ifmylawyer_herelastSaturday,he_mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldh
8、avepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented第8页/共61页5.Ifhe_,he_thatfood.Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.(1993)A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken第9页/共61页7.Ididntseeyoursistera
9、tthemeeting.Ifshe_,shewouldhavemetmybrother.(1994)A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome第10页/共61页9.Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_inturn,you_sotired.(1996)A.drove;didntgetB.drove;wouldntgetC.weredriving;wouldntgetD.haddriven;wouldnthavegot第11页/共61页2._itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.(
10、1994)A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will第12页/共61页16._Ibefreetomorrow,Icouldgowithyou.A.CouldB.ShouldC.MightD.Must第13页/共61页19._yourletter,Iwouldhavewrittenbacktwodaysago.A.IfIreceivedB.ShouldIreceivedC.HadIreceivedD.IfIcouldhavereceived第14页/共61页21.Shoulditrain,thecrops_.A.wouldbesavedB.wouldhavebeensavedC.wi
11、llbesavedD.hadbeensaved第15页/共61页27.IfI_you,Iwouldtryagain.A.amB.wasC.wereD.be第16页/共61页28._,allthestudentswouldhear.A.IftheteacherhadspokenlouderB.IftheteacherwillspeaklouderC.HadtheteacherspokenlouderD.Iftheteacherspokelouder第17页/共61页29.Whatshouldwedoifit_tomorrow?A.shouldsnowB.wouldsnowC.snowD.will
12、snow第18页/共61页30.Ifyou_5minutesearlier,you_him.A.shouldcome;hadseenB.came;wouldseeC.come;willseeD.hadcome;wouldhaveseen第19页/共61页(1)MrBrown_ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.A.willbuyB.wouldbuyC.boughtD.hasbought第20页/共61页(30)_Iknownheneededmoneysobadly,Imighthavemanagedtohelphim.A.UnlessB.WhenC.IfD.Had第21页/共61
13、页II:虚拟语气在宾语从句的中的用法第22页/共61页 1).wish后的宾语从句：从句中的动词根据时间可采用不同的 形式，参见虚拟条件句：1.I wish I were(was)as strong/clever/young as you.(But I am not.)2.We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.3.I wish he would try.4.I wish I knew the answer.(But I dont know the answer.)5.I wish I had known the answ
14、er.(But I didnt.)第23页/共61页2.IwishI_youyesterday?(1988)A.seenB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee第24页/共61页(29)Iwishthetrain_solate;thenIcouldhavegothomebeforebreakfast.A.hadntarrivedB.didntarriveC.wouldntarriveD.mustntarrive第25页/共61页(31)IwishI_torepairthebike,forIonlymadeitworse.A.hadtriedB.hadnttriedC.tried
15、D.didnttry第26页/共61页2.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2.order,command 3.advise,suggest,propose4.demand,require,request,desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。第27页/共61页 4.We propose that the house should be repaired (repair).5.The general commanded that
16、the target should be fired(fire)at.6.They requested that we should sit(sit)down and have a cup of tea.7.We desire that he should be given(give)a chance.8.The rules require that players should wear(wear)tennis shoes on the court(网球场).第28页/共61页 9.The editor insisted that we should change the title of
17、the book.10.We advise that steps be taken(take)at once.11.I suggest that we(should)hold a meeting tonight.12.He ordered that all(should)take part in the work.13.They insisted that we(should)begin the work at once.第29页/共61页 Note 1:insist作“坚决认为(该怎么做)”时，用此句型；如作“坚决认为(是怎么回事)”时，则不要求如此：e.g.1.He insisted th
18、at he(should)go instead of me.2.He insisted that you were wrong.()1.Mr Smith ordered that the work _ at once.A.do B.did C.was done D.be done()2.The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _the rules.A.obeyed B.obey C.will obey D.wouldDB第30页/共61页 Note 2:这类词只要是表示愿望、建议、命令等，不管是以什么样的形式出现，后面从句中的形式都要用sho
19、uld+动词原形：.it is desired/suggested/requested/ordered/proposed that等结构后的主语从句：1.It is requested that Mr Smith should give a performance at the Party.2.It is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.3.It was arranged that they(should)leave the following week.4.It has been decided that the
20、meeting(should)be postponed(put off)till next Saturday.第31页/共61页.suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea等后面的 表语从句和同位语从句：1.My suggestion is that we(should)send a few comrades to help them.My suggestion is that a few comrades(should)be sent to help them.2.My idea is that we(should)do the work ourselves.3.
21、What do you think of Xiao Yangs proposal that we(should)put on a play at the English evening?4.The Emperor had ordered the cloth to be woven for so much money.The order the Emperor had given was that the cloth be woven for so much money.第32页/共61页1.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_nothingwrongand_free.A.did
22、;setB.haddone;shouldbesetC.do;besetD.haddone;mustbeset第33页/共61页2.MothersuggestedthatI_myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV.A.didB.doC.shalldoD.havedone第34页/共61页3.Mysuggestionwasthatthemeeting_offstillnextweek.A.toputB.beputC.shouldputD.beputting第35页/共61页5.Thecommanderorderedthatthewounded_tohospitalright
23、away.A.tobesentB.besentC.sendD.shouldsend6.Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies_tothevillagesoon.A.wouldbesentB.shouldsendC.besentD.mustbesent第36页/共61页4.Thesuggestionhasbeenmade_thebasketballgame_putoff.A.for;toB.that;beC.which;shouldbeD.to;being第37页/共61页7.Theyrequestedthathe_ontheradio.A.spokeB.speak
24、sC.speakD.wouldspeak第38页/共61页10.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam_beforeeleven.A.mustfinishB.wouldbefinishedC.befinishedD.mustbefinished11.Shemadethedemandthatshe_atonce.A.leaveB.leavesC.leftD.tobeleft第39页/共61页 在句型 It is necessary/important/strange/that.It is a pity/a shame/no wonder/that.等结构后的 主语从句：Not
25、e:这时should+动词原形的意思常常是“竞会”。第40页/共61页6.It is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.7.It is important that we(should)unite with all that can be united in the struggle.9.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.10.It is quite natural that such fears should arise.11.
26、It is a great pity that he should be so conceited (foolish).第41页/共61页.一些习惯句型中：It is(high)time后的定语从句中通常 也需要用虚拟语气：1.It is time that we went/should go to bed.2.It is time we went home.第42页/共61页2.用于以用于以if only或或as if 引导的简单句中引导的简单句中,谓语动词常用谓语动词常用were型或型或had been型虚拟型虚拟形式形式,如如:If only she didnt drive so fas
27、t.If only the photo werent missing.If only I had arrived in time!但愿她不开那么快但愿她不开那么快.但愿那张照片没丢失但愿那张照片没丢失.我要是及时到达该多好我要是及时到达该多好第43页/共61页 用在if only引起的感叹句中（意思为要是什么就好了）：1.If only we had listened to their advice!2.If only the letter had arrived in time!3.If only I hadnt lost it!第44页/共61页 would rather/sooner(宁
28、愿)后也可以用 这样的结构：1.I would rather they came tomorrow(you had gone there too).2.I could go myself but I would sooner you went.3.I would(had)rather you posted the letter right away.be的形式和虚拟条件从句相同：第45页/共61页4.Ifonlyhe_quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.(2000)A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.should
29、lie第46页/共61页8.Itisimportantthatwe_wildanimals.A.willprotectB.shouldprotectC.shallprotectD.areprotecting第47页/共61页9.Itisnecessarythattheproblem_atonce.A.solvesB.shouldsolveC.shouldbesolvedD.willbesolved第48页/共61页14.Itisstrangethathe_interestinmuchofhisresearch.A.shouldhavelostB.wouldloseC.hadlostD.will
30、lost第49页/共61页31.IfonlyI_mywatch!A.hadntlostB.haventlostC.didntloseD.dontlose第50页/共61页40.Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholiday?Idontknow,butItshightime_Something.A.ImdecidingB.IlldecideC.IdecidedD.Idecide第51页/共61页.含蓄条件句(Sentences of Implied Condition)有时，假设的情况不是通过虚拟条件句表示出来，而是通过上下文或 其它方式来表示。第52页/共61页6.wi
31、thout和but for 构成虚拟。(but for要不是)Without sunlight,peoples life (be)different from today.But for your help,I _(not finish)the work.Without your help,I (fail).But for water,it (be)impossible to live in the desert._ wouldnt have finishedwould bewould have failedwould be第53页/共61页 3.They could have complet
32、ed that building(if they had worked harder).4.Such mistakes could have been avoided(if we had been more careful).5.He would have given you more help,but he had been so busy(if he hadnt been so busy).6.I would have written before,but I have been ill (if I hadnt been ill,I would have written to you).第
33、54页/共61页(50)ButforJohn,we_thematchlastweek.A.wouldhavelostB.wouldloseC.hadlostD.lost第55页/共61页 从句以从句以as if/as though 引导引导,主句的谓语动主句的谓语动词为连系动词词为连系动词:1)1)从句用从句用werewere型虚拟形式型虚拟形式:表示从句的动作与表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生主句的动作同时发生,如如:You look as if you had a toothache.She looked as though she were fainting.2)2)从句用从句用had
34、 been had been 型虚拟形式型虚拟形式:表示从句的动表示从句的动作先于主句的动作的发生作先于主句的动作的发生,如如:He looks as if he had been ill.以以as if/as though 引导的从句如果不是表示虚引导的从句如果不是表示虚拟拟,而是表示可能的事实而是表示可能的事实,则从句中的谓语动词则从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语气要用陈述语气.第56页/共61页(43)Johntalkedasifhe_alltheworkhimselfbutinfactHarryandLilydidmostofit.A.didB.haddoneC.hasdoneD.do第57页/共61页24.Hesmiledasifhe_mythought.A.readB.wasreadingC.hadreadD.hasread第58页/共61页(32)Helookedasifhe_foryears.A.hasntwashedB.doesntwashC.wouldntwashD.hadntwashed第59页/共61页22.You_earlier.Thebusleftamomentago.A.wouldcomeB.shouldhavecomeC.maycomeD.havecome第60页/共61页感谢您的观看！第61页/共61页