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1、状语时用来修饰状语时用来修饰 词词，词词，词词或或 、的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间、地点、的一种句子成分。它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式等。等。当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语当充当状语的部分是一个句子时，也就是状语从句。从句。分类如下：分类如下：动动形容形容副副句子句子第1页/共42页状语从句状语从句1.时间时间状语从句状语从句2.地点地点状语从句状语从句3.原因原因状语从句状语从句4.条件条件状语从句状语从句5.让步让步状语从句状语从句6.目的目的状语从句状语从句7.结果结果状语从句状语从句8.方式方式状语从
2、句状语从句9.比较比较状语从句状语从句第2页/共42页引导词可分为两部分引导词可分为两部分 as while when whenever before after until(till)since as soon asevery timenext timethe first/timethe momentthe minute/instantlyimmediatelydirectly(一一就就)第3页/共42页when,while,as 1)when从句的谓语动作同时发生或先后紧接着发生。When you deal with them,you should be cautious.When从句中的
3、谓语动词非延续性/延续性动词。When I lived in country,I used to carry some water for him.When the fire broke out,all the students were sleeping soundly.2）while从句中谓语动词延续性动词/表示状态的动词侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.第4页/共42页3）as从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时发生“一边.，一边.”或“随着.”。He hurried home,looking
4、behind as he went.As time goes by,we grow up and become mature.注意：when从句为系表结构+其主语和主句的主语一致+其表语又是一个名词时=as引导的省略句代替when引导的从句。As a young man(When he was a young man),he was fond of hunting.第5页/共42页2.after3.before（基本意：）1）before作“没有来得及.就”“未.就”“就”解时，强调主句谓语动词表示的动作发生得过早或过快。Someone called me up in the night,bu
5、t they hung up before I could answer the phone.2）before作“.才.”解时，强调从句谓语动词表示的动作发生得太慢或太晚。The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters were able to control it.大火持续了大约四个小时，消防员才把火控制住 第6页/共42页注意：1）“It+will be +一段时间+before从句现在时”意为“还要就多久才；多长时间以后某事即将发生”；It wont be long before we meet again.2)如 It+
6、was +一段时间+before从句过去时意为“多长时间以后某事才发生”。It was 3 years before he came back from abroad.第7页/共42页since引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句 since“自从自从”since从句的时态常若为一般过去时，主句常用现在完成从句的时态常若为一般过去时，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时时或现在完成进行时We havent seen each other since we parted.句型：句型：It has been(is)+时间段时间段+since从句从句 “自从自从有多长时间了有多长时间了”翻译：自从她大
7、学毕业已经有六年时间了翻译：自从她大学毕业已经有六年时间了It has been six years since she graduated from the university.第8页/共42页 until/till 引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句“直到直到时时”主句动作发生在从句之前。主句动作发生在从句之前。1）肯定句：）肯定句：主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，主句、从句都为肯定式，“某动作一直延续到某某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止时间点才停止”。He remained there until/till she arrived.Y
8、ou may stay here until/till the rain stops.2）否定句：）否定句：主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词词，从句为肯定式，从句为肯定式，“某动作直到某时间才开始某动作直到某时间才开始”。构成。构成not.until/till，“直到直到.才才”She didnt go to bed until I come back.Dont worry.We wont set off until you arrive.第9页/共42页 3）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。4）not.until 句型中的强调和倒装用法。译：直到你告诉
9、我，我才知道这件事。I had not any idea of it，until you told me the news.强调句型：It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.倒装句型：Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.译：直到钟敲了12下，她才意识到她必须马上回家了。Not until the clock struck 12 did she realize she must go home at once.第10页/共42页转换：I didnt leave unt
10、il she came back.强调句：It was not until she came back that I left.倒装句Not until she came back did I leave.第11页/共42页as soon asas soon as引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句“一一就就”例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。例句：他一回来我就告诉他这件事。I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back.相当于相当于as soo
11、n as as soon as 用法的词或短语还有：用法的词或短语还有：immediately,directly,instantlyimmediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the moment,the minute,the instantthe instant等等.DirectlyDirectly I had done it,I knew I had made a mistake.I had done it,I knew I had made a mistake.Ill give him your message Ill giv
12、e him your message the minutethe minute he arrives.he arrives.第12页/共42页名词短语名词短语引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句the moment,the minute,the instant,the time,by the the moment,the minute,the instant,the time,by the time,each time,every time,next time,any timetime,each time,every time,next time,any time等等I thought her
13、 nice and honest the first time I saw her.I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.By the time you arrived,the lecture had already ended.By the time you arrived,the lecture had already ended.Next time you come,do remember to bring your son here.Next time you come,do remember to bring y
14、our son here.区分区分the first time the first time 和和 for the first time for the first time 第13页/共42页no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.lno sooner.than;hardly.when.这一结构的时态：no sooner与hardly所在的句子的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子的谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外：当把no sooner和hardly提到句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。I had hardly got home when it
15、began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.翻译：我们一到车站，火车就离开了。We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left.No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.第14页/共42页地点状语从句用连接副词地点状语从句用连接副词 where或或wherever 引引导。导。e.g.a.Just stay where you are.b.Wherever you go,Ill
16、 be right here waiting for you.c.You can sit wherever you like.d.Where there is a will,there is a way.e.Where there is smoke,there is fire.无火不生烟无火不生烟无风不起浪无风不起浪第15页/共42页常用的连接词是：常用的连接词是：because,as,since,now that,和和considering that,seeing that 连词都用于表连词都用于表示表示原因示表示原因,但在语气上一个比一个弱。但在语气上一个比一个弱。e.g.He didnt
17、 come to school because he was ill.e.g.He might be ill,for he didnt come to school.表示“直接”原因。表示“间接的推断”原因.不可出现在句首。第16页/共42页 1.because,as,since用法1）because语气最强回答why引起的提问，直接因果关系可和强调词only,merely,just及否定词not连用+可用于强调句结构。2）as语气弱，所表达的原因比较明显，或是已知的事实不需要强调不可用强调词和not+不能回答why引起的提问+不可用于强调结构。As it was a public holid
18、ay,all the shops were shut.第17页/共42页3）since的语气比较弱，常表示对方已知的事实，“既然”不可用强调词和not+不可用于强调结构+不能回答why引起的提问，since从句多置于主句之前。Since Monday is Bobs birthday,lets give him a party.2.now thatnow that表示微弱的原因，主、从句的因果关系不明显，“既然”主句前。Now that you have come,you may as well stay.Now that everything is settled,I have no rea
19、son to stay here.第18页/共42页3.for the reason that I often go to the concert for the simple reason that I love music.For the reason that I havent worked hard,Ill have to cram before the coming examinations.cram adj.填鸭式学的vi.狼吞虎咽地吃东西；死记硬背功课vt.填满，塞满；死记硬背；猛吃n.死记硬背；极度拥挤4.on the grounds thatJapanesebossesref
20、usedtheideaofappointingoutside directorson thegroundsthatToyotaseemedto begettingonperfectlywellwithoutthem.on the grounds of第19页/共42页5.in that的用法常用于书面语中“由于某种原因”。The experiment is worth trusting in that it is based on scientific facts.6.when,seeing that,considering that也可以表示原因，意为：既然，考虑到It was foolis
21、h of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.第20页/共42页尽管虽然鉴于如果届时尽管虽然鉴于如果届时e.g.He walks when he might take a taxi.The Queen will visit the town in May,when she will open the new hospital.How can you hope for mercy when you show none?How could I live in Los Angeles when all my fav
22、orite people live here?虽然虽然届时届时如果如果鉴于鉴于,既然既然 when 还有一些较为灵活的翻译还有一些较为灵活的翻译:第21页/共42页目的状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句目的状语从句They carved the words on the stone so that/in order that the future generation might remember what they had done.In order that we might see the sunrise,we started for the peak early.e.g.He ran f
23、ast so that he might arrive there before ten oclock.He ran fast so as to arrive there before ten oclock.注意：当从句与主句的主语一致时，可用 so as to do 或 in order to do 第22页/共42页 2.for fear(that),in case,lest引导的目的状语从句 for fear(that)表示“害怕/担心发生某事”We had a meeting and talked the matter face to face,for fear that there
24、could be any misunderstanding.in case表示以防（万一）发生某种情况。Lest意为“以防”。Take an umbrella with you in case/lest it should rain.第23页/共42页条件状语从句由从属连词引导：条件状语从句由从属连词引导：if,unless (if,unless (除非除非),as/so long as(),as/so long as(只要只要),on),on condition that(condition that(条件是条件是),in case(),in case(万一万一),),providing/p
25、rovided(that)providing/provided(that)（如果），（如果），suppose/supposing(that)suppose/supposing(that)（如果）等。（如果）等。You will fail to arrive there in time You will fail to arrive there in time unlessunless you start earlier.you start earlier.I can tell you the truth I can tell you the truth on condition that on
26、 condition that you promise to keep it a secret.you promise to keep it a secret.第24页/共42页though,although,even if,even though,as，while，whether.or.,no matter+疑问词(what/who/where/when/which/how)疑问词-ever(whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever)特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，whether o
27、r,whether()or not第25页/共42页 1.though/although可与yet,nevertheless或still连用，但不与but连用。Although its raining,they are still working in the field.He said he would come;he didnt,though.当副词用，“可是，然而”，置于句末，而although不可。2.even though/even ifEven though he is poor，she loves him.3.whether.or/whether(.)or not“不论是否”“不
28、管是.还是”Whether you believe it or not,its true.第26页/共42页4.while“尽管”比though/although语气弱。while一般要位于句首。While I like the color,I dont like the shape.While I understand what you say,I cant agree with you.（when也可以表示让步，常在句中，相当于although）Suddenly,she stopped when she ought to have continued.第27页/共42页5.what-eve
29、r类词wh-ever类词可作疑问词，也可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句。让步状=no matter+wh-词，名从只能用wh-ever类词。Ill wait for you however(no matter how)late it is.注意：Ill eat whatever you give me.Whoever comes will be welcome.第28页/共42页6.as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词需提前至从句句首，表语的单数可数名词前如有冠词，冠词需要省去Though he was a child,he knew what was the
30、right thing to do.=Child as/though he was,he knew what was the right thing to do.Tired as/though he was,he will go on with his work.Much as/though I like it,I wont buy it,for its too expensive.Try as you may,you will never succeed.Search as they would here and there,they could find nothing in the ro
31、om.（although引导的 从句只能用正常语序）第29页/共42页While I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend.(while=_)While I really dont like art,I find his work impressive.(while=_)He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.whenalthoughbutWhile 在句中的不同含义:第30页/共42页so,so.that.,such.that.so,so.that.,such.
32、that.等。等。1.so.that.1.so.that.so+so+形容词形容词/副词副词 +that+that 从句从句Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cellphone Lisa left home so hurriedly that she left her cellphone home.home.so+so+形容词形容词 +a/an+a/an+可数名词单数形式可数名词单数形式 +that+that从从句句Tom is so kind a boy that they all like to make friends Tom i
33、s so kind a boy that they all like to make friends with him.with him.so+many/much/few/little+so+many/much/few/little+名词名词 +that+that从句从句There is so little time left that we have to speed up.There is so little time left that we have to speed up.第31页/共42页2.such.that.such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句He is
34、such a good teacher that we all respect him.such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句We had such terrible weather that we couldnt finish the work on time.such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句第32页/共42页so.that.so.that.与与such.that.such.that.的区别的区别1)soadv.,1)soadv.,修饰的修饰的中心词中心词是是adj.adv.adj.adv.such adj.such adj.，其修饰的中心
35、词是，其修饰的中心词是n.n.2 2）名词前有）名词前有many,much,few,littlemany,much,few,little等修饰时用等修饰时用so so。He got so little money that his family had to live on He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare.welfare.Ps:Ps:为了为了强调强调adj.adj.或或adv.adv.，so/such.that.so/such.that.引导的结果引导的结果状语从句，可把状语从句，可把so/suchso
36、/such部分置于句首，主句用半部分置于句首，主句用半倒装语序。倒装语序。So excited So excited waswas he that he could not fall into sleep.he that he could not fall into sleep.Such good news Such good news did wedid we get that everyone was excited.get that everyone was excited.第33页/共42页描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式描述主句动作进行方式的状语被称为方式状语。通常用下列词语引导
37、状语。通常用下列词语引导:as,just as,as if,as though,等。等。a.We must do as the Party tells us.b.Leave the things as they are.c.Most plants need sunlight just as they need water.d.It sounds as if it is raining.第34页/共42页as if 和和as though引导的从句要用引导的从句要用虚拟语气虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气可用陈述语气e.g.The
38、 old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.I feel as if I have a fever.第35页/共42页一般位于句尾as.as,not as/so.as.,than等+“the+比较级.，the+比较级.”1.同级比较 as.as.He woke up as suddenly as he had fallen asleep.2.不同级比较“not as/so.as.”His handwriting is not as good as yours(is).3.“.than.”。He was more successful t
39、han we had expected.第36页/共42页4.“the+比较级.，the+比较级.”The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.The sooner you come back,the better it will be.几个句式：Food is to men what/as oil is to machine.食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。Engines are to machines what/as hearts are to animals.引擎对于机器而言就好比心脏对动物一样。第37页/共42页Tho
40、ugh(he was)young,he had to live on himself.When(you are)in doubt,please look up the dictionary.The waves dashed on the rocks as if(they were)in anger.状语从句中的省略状语从句中的省略如果如果谓语含有动词谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一主语又和主句的主语一致致，或，或其主语是其主语是it，那么从句中的主语和谓语的，那么从句中的主语和谓语的一部分（尤其是一部分（尤其是be动词）往往可以省略。动词）往往可以省略。第38页/共42页if neces
41、sary,if possible,if true,if so,if not,if necessary,if possible,if true,if so,if not,if if anyany If(it is)necessary,you can refer to the If(it is)necessary,you can refer to the dictionary.dictionary.He may not be at home then.If so(=If he is He may not be at home then.If so(=If he is not at home),leave him a not.not at home),leave him a not.Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you dont Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.get up early),you will miss the first bus.第39页/共42页第40页/共42页盗盗梦梦空空间间2010莱莱昂昂纳纳多多迪迪卡卡普普里里奥奥第41页/共42页感谢您的观看！第42页/共42页